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IUCN Red List

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Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.

Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Kula da Yanayi (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, wanda aka fi sani da IUCN Red List ko Red Data Book, wanda aka kafa a 1964, shine lissafin matsayin kiyayewa na duniya da haɗarin halaka nau'in halittu.[1] Jerin Red Lists na Yankin, wanda ke tantance haɗarin halaka ga jinsuna a cikin sashin gudanarwa na siyasa, ƙasashe da kungiyoyi sun samar da su.

Manufofin Red List shine samar da bayanai na kimiyya game da matsayin jinsuna da nau'ikan jinsuna a matakin duniya, don jawo hankali ga girman da muhimmancin bambancin halittu da ke fuskantar barazana, don rinjayar manufofi na kasa da kasa da kuma yanke shawara, da kuma samar da bayanai don jagorantar ayyukan don kiyaye bambancin halitta.

Manyan masu tantance jinsuna sun hada da BirdLife International, Cibiyar Zoology (sashen bincike na Zoological Society of London), Cibiyar Kula da Kula da Kulawa ta Duniya, da kuma kungiyoyin kwararru da yawa a cikin IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC). Gabaɗaya, kimantawa da waɗannan ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyi suka yi kusan rabin nau'in a cikin Red List.

IUCN na da niyyar sake kimanta rukunin kowane nau'in aƙalla kowane shekaru goma, kuma kowane shekaru biyar idan ya yiwu. Ana yin wannan a cikin hanyar da An sake dubawa ta hanyar IUCN Species Survival Commission Specialist Groups (SSC), wanda shine Red List Authorities (RLA) da ke da alhakin jinsin, rukuni na jinsin ko takamaiman yanki, ko kuma a cikin yanayin BirdLife International, dukan aji (Aves). Rukunin jan jerin suna aiki tare da ma'aikata daga Shirin IUCN na Duniya da kuma abokan shirye-shiryen yanzu don ba da shawarar sabbin abokan tarayya ko cibiyoyin sadarwa don shiga a matsayin sabbin Hukumomin Red List.[2]

Adadin jinsunan da aka tantance don Red List yana ƙaruwa a tsawon lokaci.[3] Ya zuwa 2023, na nau'in 150,388 da aka bincika, 42,108 ana ɗaukar su cikin haɗarin halaka saboda ayyukan ɗan adam, musamman Yawan kamun kifi, farauta, da ci gaban ƙasa.[4]Samfuri:Owidslider

Kashi na jinsuna a cikin kungiyoyi da yawa ta hanyar matsayinsu na kiyayewa bisa ga IUCN Red List [5]

1966-1977 Jerin Bayanai na Red

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Da farko an tsara Red Data Lists don kwararru kuma an bayar da su a cikin tsarin ganye wanda za'a iya sauya sauƙin canzawa.

An buga kundin farko na Red Lists a cikin 1966 ta hanyar mai kiyayewa Noel Simon, ɗaya don dabbobi masu shayarwa ɗayan don tsuntsaye.

Volume na uku da ya bayyana ya rufe dabbobi masu rarrafe da amphibians. René E. Honegger ne ya kirkireshi a shekarar 1968.

A cikin 1970, IUCN ta buga kundi na 5 a cikin wannan jerin. Wannan shi ne Red Data List na farko wanda ya mayar da hankali kan tsire-tsire (angiosperms kawai), wanda Ronald Melville ya tattara.

Ƙarar karshe da aka kirkira a cikin salon ganye mai laushi shine ƙarar 4 akan kifi na ruwa mai laushi. Robert Rush Miller ne ya buga wannan a shekarar 1979.

1969 Red Data Book

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Ƙoƙarin farko na ƙirƙirar Littafin Red Data ga jama'a marasa ƙwarewa ya zo ne a cikin 1969 tare da The Red Book: Wildlife in Danger . Wannan littafin ya rufe kungiyoyi daban-daban amma yafi yawa game da dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye, tare da ƙananan sassan akan dabbobi masu rarrafe, amphibians, kifi, da tsire-tsire.

Jerin Red na 2006, wanda aka saki a ranar 4 ga Mayu 2006 ya kimanta nau'in 40,168 gabaɗaya, tare da ƙarin nau'ikan 2,160, iri-iri, hannun jari na ruwa, da Ƙananan jama'a.

Fitar da shi a shekara ta 2007

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A ranar 12 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2007, kungiyar kare halittu ta duniya (IUCN) ta fitar da jerin sunayen jinsunan da ke fuskantar barazana na IUCN na shekara ta 2007. A cikin wannan fitowar, sun ɗaga rarrabuwar su na gorilla na yammacin ƙasa (Gorilla gorilla) da gorilla na Cross River (Gorila Gorilla diehli) daga haɗari zuwa haɗari mai tsanani, wanda shine rukuni na ƙarshe kafin ya ƙare a cikin daji, saboda Kwayar cutar Ebola da farauta, tare da wasu dalilai. Russ Mittermeier, shugaban kungiyar IUCN ta Swiss, ya bayyana cewa nau'in 16,306 suna cikin haɗari tare da halaka, 188 fiye da a 2006 (duk nau'in 41,415 a cikin Red List). Jerin Red ya haɗa da Orangutan na Sumatra (Pongo abelii) a cikin rukunin da ke cikin haɗari da kuma Orangutan na Bornean (Pongo pygmaeus) a cikin ƙungiyar da ke cikin hatsari.

Fitar da shi a shekara ta 2008

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An saki Blue List na 2008 a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 2008 a IUCN World Conservation Congress a Barcelona kuma "ya tabbatar da rikicin halaka, tare da kusan daya cikin hudu [mammals] a cikin haɗarin ɓacewa har abada". Binciken ya nuna aƙalla 1,141 daga cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa 5,487 a Duniya an san su da barazanar halaka, kuma an lissafa 836 a matsayin Rashin Bayani.

Fitar da shi a shekarar 2012

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An saki Red List na 2012 a ranar 19 ga Yulin 2012 a Rio + 20 Earth Summit; kusan nau'in 2,000 an kara su, [6] tare da nau'in 4 zuwa jerin da suka ƙare, 2 zuwa jerin da aka sake ganowa. [7] IUCN ta tantance jimlar nau'in 63,837 wanda ya bayyana cewa 19,817 suna fuskantar barazanar halaka. An bayyana 3,947 a matsayin "mai haɗari sosai" kuma 5,766 a matsayin "masu haɗari", yayin da fiye da nau'in 10,000 aka lissafa a matsayin "marasa haɗari".[8] A barazanar akwai 41% na nau'in amphibian, 33% na corals na reef-building, 30% na conifers, 25% na dabbobi masu shayarwa, da 13% na tsuntsaye.[9] IUCN Red List ya lissafa nau'ikan shuke-shuke da dabbobi 132 daga Indiya a matsayin "Critically Endangered".

Matsayi

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  IUCN Red List ta rarraba nau'o'in zuwa kungiyoyi tara, wanda aka ƙayyade ta hanyar ka'idoji kamar raguwar raguwa, girman yawan jama'a, yankin rarraba ƙasa, da kuma matakin yawan jama'awa da rarrabawar rarraba. [10] Akwai jaddadawa kan karɓar amfani da kowane ma'auni ba tare da bayanan inganci ba ciki har da tuhuma da yiwuwar barazanar nan gaba, "idan dai ana iya tallafawa waɗannan".: 6 

  • Extinct (EX) - Ya ƙare da wata shakka ba cewa jinsin ba ya wanzu.
  • Extinct in the wild (EW) - ya tsira ne kawai a cikin bauta, noma da / ko a waje da asalin ƙasar, kamar yadda aka ɗauka bayan cikakken bincike.
  • Mai haɗari sosai (CR) - a cikin wani yanayi mai mahimmanci.
  • Masu haɗari (EN) - haɗarin haɗari sosai na halaka a cikin daji, ya cika kowane ƙa'idar A zuwa E don Masu haɗari.
  • Vulnerable (VU) - ya cika daya daga cikin ka'idojin Red List 5 kuma saboda haka an dauke shi a cikin babban haɗarin halaka (wanda ya haifar da mutum) ba tare da ƙarin sa hannun mutum ba.
  • Kusan barazana (NT) - kusa da haɗari a nan gaba.
  • Ƙananan Damuwa (LC) - ya yadu kuma yana da yawa a cikin daji.
  • Bayanai marasa kyau (DD) - rashin isasshen bayani don tantance haɗarin halaka.
  • Ba a Bincika ba (NE) - har yanzu ba a tantance shi ba.

A cikin IUCN Red List, "mai barazanar" ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masu haɗari, masu haɗari da masu haɗari.[10]

1994 rukunoni da 2001 tsarin

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Jerin tsofaffi na 1994 yana da nau'i ɗaya kawai na "Ƙananan Hadari" wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan nau'o'i uku:

  • Dangane da kiyayewa (LR/cd)
  • Kusan barazana (LR/nt)
  • Ƙananan Damuwa (LR/lc)

A cikin tsarin 2001, Near Threatened da Least Concern sun zama nasu rukuni, yayin da aka cire Conservation Dependent kuma abubuwan da ke ciki sun haɗu da Near Threated.

Wataƙila ya ƙare

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Alamar "watakila ta ƙare" (PE) [11] ana amfani da ita ta BirdLife International, Red List Authority don tsuntsaye don IUCN Red List. [12] BirdLife International ta ba da shawarar PE ya zama alamar hukuma don nau'in da ke cikin haɗari, kuma yanzu an karɓi wannan, tare da alamar "Mai yiwuwa Extinct in the Wild" don nau'o'in da suka tsira a cikin bauta amma mai yiwuwa za su ƙare a cikin daji.[13]

Fassara

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Yawan jinsuna a cikin kowane IUCN Red List Category a watan Maris na shekara ta 2026 [5]
Icons for Red List categories
1994 IUCN Red List categories (version 2.3), amfani da su ga jinsunan da ba a sake tantance su ba tun 2001

Akwai nau'o'i da yawa, tun daga 1991, ciki har da: [14][15]

  • Fassara ta 1.0 (1991)
  • Fassara ta 2.0 (1992)
  • Fassara ta 2.1 (1993)
  • Fassara ta 2.2 (1994)
  • Fassara ta 2.3 (1994)
  • Fassara ta 3.0 (1999)
  • Fassara ta 3.1 (2001)

Dukkanin sabbin kimantawa na IUCN tun daga shekara ta 2001 sun yi amfani da sigar 3.1 na rukunoni da ka'idoji.

Rashin amincewa

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A cikin 1997, IUCN Red List ya sami zargi a kan tushen sirri (ko aƙalla takardun matalauta) da ke kewaye da tushen bayanan ta.[16] Wadannan zarge-zargen sun haifar da kokarin da IUCN ta yi don inganta takardun ta da ingancin bayanai, da kuma hada da sake dubawa na takaddun shaida a kan Red List.[10] Jerin kuma yana buɗewa ga korafe-korafe game da rarrabuwa, bisa ga takardu ko ka'idoji.[17]

A cikin fitowar Nuwamba 2002 na Trends in Ecology & Evolution, wata kasida ta ba da shawarar cewa IUCN Red List da irin waɗannan ayyukan suna iya yin amfani da su ta hanyar gwamnatoci da sauran kungiyoyi waɗanda ke haifar da yiwuwar yanke shawara mara kyau game da yanayin muhalli ko don shafar amfani da albarkatun kasa.[18]

A cikin fitowar Nuwamba 2016 na Ci gaban Kimiyya, wani labarin bincike ya yi iƙirarin cewa akwai rashin daidaituwa mai tsanani a cikin hanyar da IUCN ke rarraba nau'o'in. Masu binciken sun yi jayayya cewa tsarin IUCN na rarraba shi ne "ya wuce gona da iri, kuma ya bar wuri don ingantawa", kuma ya kara jaddada muhimmancin samun sauƙin samun bayanai na geospatial, kamar su tauraron dan adam da hotunan iska. Sakamakon su ya yi tambaya ba kawai hanyar IUCN ba har ma da ingancin inda wasu nau'o'in suka fada cikin Jerin. Sun yi imanin cewa hada bayanan ƙasa na iya ƙara yawan nau'in da ke buƙatar sake rarraba su zuwa mafi girman haɗari.[19]

Dubi kuma

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  • CITES
  • Matsayin kiyayewa
  • Lissafin Red
  • Jerin Yanki
  • Nau'o'in da IUCN Red List category
  • Kare namun daji

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "Background & History". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  2. ↑ "Overview of The IUCN Red List". IUCN Red List. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Archived from the original on 30 June 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  3. ↑ Lovejoy, Thomas E. (8 August 2017). "Extinction tsunami can be avoided". PNAS. 114 (32): 8840–8841. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.8440L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1711074114. PMC 5559057. PMID 28747527.
  4. ↑ "Threatened species on the IUCN Red List". IUCN Red List. Archived from the original on 12 August 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  5. 1 2 "iucnredlist.org". Summary Statistics. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2026.
  6. ↑ Jessica Phelan (19 June 2012). "IUCN Red List update: Nearly 2,000 species added". www.pri.org. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 13 November 2018.
  7. ↑ "IUCN 2012 update – 4 species extinct – 2 rediscovered – Food security waning". wildlifeextra.com. 19 June 2012. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  8. ↑ The list is queryable at: "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". iucnredlist.org. Archived from the original on 24 September 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "RedListReport".
  10. 1 2 3 Mace, Georgina M.; Collar, Nigel J.; Gaston, Kevin J.; Hilton-Taylor, Craig; Akçakaya, H. Resit; Leader-Williams, Nigel; Milner-Gulland, E.J.; Stuart, Simon N. (December 2008). "Quantification of Extinction Risk: IUCN's System for Classifying Threatened Species". Conservation Biology. 22 (6): 1424–1442. Bibcode:2008ConBi..22.1424M. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01044.x. PMID 18847444. S2CID 37234648.
  11. ↑ Butchart, S. H. M.; Stattersfield, A. J.; Brooks, Thomas M. (5 June 2006). Kirwan, Guy M. (ed.). "Going or gone: defining 'Possibly Extinct' species to give a truer picture of recent extinctions". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 126A: 7–24. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2019 – via the Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  12. ↑ "Birds on the IUCN Red List". BirdLife International. Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2007.
  13. ↑ "Summary Statistics". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. June 21, 2024. Archived from the original on 12 August 2023. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
  14. ↑ "2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1)". IUCN. Archived from the original on 27 June 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  15. ↑ "Historical IUCN Red Data Books and Red Lists". IUCN. Archived from the original on 27 June 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
  16. ↑ Mrosovsky, Nicholas (October 1997). "IUCN's credibility critically endangered". Nature. 389 (6650): 436. Bibcode:1997Natur.389..436M. doi:10.1038/38873. S2CID 4389685.
  17. ↑ "Information Sources & Quality". IUCN Red List. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 19 September 2008.
  18. ↑ Possingham, Hugh P.; Andelman, Sandy J.; Burgman, Mark A.; Medellı́n, Rodrigo A.; Master, Larry L.; Keith, David A. (November 2002). "Limits to the use of threatened species lists". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 17 (11): 503–507. Bibcode:2002TEcoE..17..503P. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.467.6031. doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02614-9.
  19. ↑ Stocks, Sam (10 November 2016). "New study claims that the IUCN Red List is inaccurate". Discover Wildlife. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
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