Ifraimu Mogale
 Ifraimu Mogale | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 6 ga Faburairu, 1959 |
| ƙasa | Afirka ta kudu |
| Mutuwa | 2003 |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
anti-apartheid activist (en)  |
| Imani | |
| Jam'iyar siyasa | Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka |
Ephraim Phumuga Mogale (6 Fabrairu 1959 - 2003) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma tsohon mai fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata. Shugaban farko na Congress of African Students (COSAS), ya kasance ma'aikacin ƙarƙashin ƙasa na Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) a Arewacin Transvaal kuma an ɗaure shi a tsibirin Robben daga shekarun 1980 zuwa 1985. Bayan kawo ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, ya wakilci jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa da kuma majalisar dokokin lardin Mpumalanga.
Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mogale, mai magana da Pedi,[1] an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairu 1959.[2] A cikin shekarar 1970s, ya shiga cikin haramtacciyar jam'iyyar ANC, kuma, bayan samun horo, ya koma mahaifarsa Moutse a cikin tsohuwar Transvaal Northern Transvaal,[1] inda shi da sauran membobin ANC ƙarƙashin ƙasa suka nemi inganta gwagwarmayar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata matasa ta hanyar shirya matasa kulob da harkokin siyasa forums, samar da ƙasidu, da kuma ɗaukar matasa sansani a ƙasashen waje da camp na MK.[3]
A shekarar 1979 aka zaɓi Mogale a matsayin shugaban COSAS na farko.[4] A watan Nuwamba na wannan shekarar, an tsare shi da wasu manyan membobin COSAS a ƙarƙashin Dokar Ta'addanci.[5] A ƙarshen watan Afrilu 1980, an tuhumi shi da wani ɗalibi, Thabo Makunyane da ci gaba da manufofin ANC.[6] An hukunta[7] Mogale kuma ya shafe shekaru biyar a tsibirin Robben.[1]
Bayan an sake shi a watan Oktoba 1985, Mogale ya ci gaba da fafutukar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata.[1] Tsakanin shekarun 1986 zuwa 1990, ya kasance ma'aikacin MK na ƙarƙashin ƙasa a Transvaal, da farko yana da hannu wajen safarar makamai cikin ƙasar tare da rarraba su ga masu fafutuka ta hanyar matattun akwatunan wasiku.[8]
Aikin majalisa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A babban zaɓen shekarar 1999, Mogale ya tsaya takarar jam'iyyar ANC a matsayin ɗan takarar zaɓen majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa.[2] Da kyar ya tsallake zaɓen amma aka rantsar da shi jim kaɗan bayan zaɓen, ranar 14 ga watan Yuni 1999; ya maye gurbin Thabo Mbeki, wanda bisa doka ya miƙa kujerarsa da zarar majalisar ta zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu. [9] Mogale ya yi aiki a kujerar sama da shekara guda, inda ya yi murabus a ranar 2 ga watan Yuli 2001; Louisa Mabe ya maye gurbinsa.[9] Mogale, shi ma, ya cika guraben aiki na yau da kullum a majalisar dokokin lardin Mpumalanga.[10]
Mutuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ya rasu a wani hatsarin mota a shekara ta 2003. [11] Shi ne magajin ƙaramar hukumar Ifraimu Mogale a Limpopo (tsohuwar Transvaal ta Arewa).
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 4 Karis, Thomas; Gerhart, Gail M.; Glaser, Clive (2010). From Protest to Challenge: A Documentary History of African Politics in South Africa, 1882-1990. Challenge and victory, 1980-1990 (in Turanci). Indiana University Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-253-35422-8.
- 1 2 "General Notice: Electoral Commission Notice 1113 of 1999 – Final List of Candidates" (PDF). Government Gazette of South Africa. Pretoria, South Africa: Government of South Africa. 26 May 1999. p. 242. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
- ↑ South African Democracy Education Trust (2004). The Road to Democracy in South Africa: 1970-1980 (in Turanci). Unisa Press. p. 449. ISBN 978-1-86888-406-3.
- ↑ "Cosas has lost it, say former leaders". IOL. 6 May 2001. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
- ↑ The Amnesty International Report (in Turanci). Amnesty International Publications. 1979. p. 75. ISBN 978-3-947492-00-8.
- ↑ Amnesty International Report 1980 (in Turanci). Amnesty International Publications. 1980. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-86210-020-9.
- ↑ Houston, Gregory F. (2019-05-23). The National Liberation Struggle in South Africa: A Case Study of the United Democratic Front, 1983-87 (in Turanci). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-81071-8.
- ↑ "AM7220/97 Ephraim Phumuga Mogale". Truth Commission Special Report. 2000. Retrieved 2023-05-18.
- 1 2 "The National Assembly List of Resinations and Nominations". Parliament of South Africa. 2002-06-02. Archived from the original on 2 June 2002. Retrieved 2023-04-02.
- ↑ "Purge of the 'Nandos Club'". The Mail & Guardian (in Turanci). 2001-06-29. Retrieved 2023-05-18.
- ↑ "Mpumalanga Safety and Security Provisional Budget Speech" (PDF). Mpumalanga Provincial Government. 5 June 2003. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Shaidar Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhunta