Ikon haɗuwa
 Ikon haɗuwa | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | nuclear fusion (en)  da energy technology (en) |
| Has characteristic (en) | Fusion energy gain factor (en) |
| Uses (en) | nuclear fusion (en) da fusion reactor (en) |
Fusion power wata hanya ce mai yuwuwa ta samar da wutar lantarki daga zafi da aka saki ta hanyar halayen nukiliya. A cikin haɗuwa, ƙwayoyin atomatik guda biyu sun haɗu don samar da ƙwayoyin da suka fi nauyi da kuma fitar da makamashi. Na'urorin da ke amfani da wannan tsari an san su da Fusion reactors.
Bincike kan masu haɗuwa sun fara ne a cikin shekarun 1940. Ya zuwa 2025, Cibiyar Injin Kasa (NIF) a Amurka ita ce kawai dakin gwaje-gwaje da ta nuna wani abu mai amfani da makamashi sama da daya, amma ana buƙatar umarni na ƙwarewa mafi girma don isa ga aikin injiniya (tsarin samar da wutar lantarki) ko raguwar tattalin arziki (inda wutar lantarki ke biyan kuɗin rayuwar tsire-tsire). [1][2]
Halin haɗakar thermonuclear yana buƙatar man fetur a cikin yanayin Plasma da kuma yanayin da aka kulle tare da zafin jiki mai girma, matsin lamba, da isasshen lokacin kulle. Dangantaka tsakanin waɗannan sigogi an bayyana ta hanyar ma'aunin Lawson. A cikin taurari, nauyi yana ba da yanayin haɗuwa da isotopes na Hydrogen. Masu gwajin gwaji suna amfani da deuterium da tritium, isotopes masu nauyi na hydrogen, a cikin tsari da aka sani da DT fusion. Wannan halayen yana samar da ƙirar helium da Neutron mai ƙarfi.
Fusion fuel yana da matukar makamashi, amma tritium yana da ƙarancin gaske a Duniya kuma yana lalacewa tare da rabin rayuwa na kimanin shekaru 12.3. Masu ba da wutar lantarki na gaba suna shirin amfani da bargo na kiwo na lithium wanda ke samar da tritium lokacin da aka fallasa shi ga radiation na neutron.[3]
Fusion yana ba da fa'idodi idan aka kwatanta da fission na nukiliya. Yana samar da ƙananan sharar gida mai ƙarfi kuma yana da ƙananan haɗarin aminci. Koyaya, wannan tsari yana haifar da radiation na neutron mai ƙarfi wanda sannu a hankali ke lalata bangon ciki na reactor. Samun ci gaba da samun makamashi fiye da raguwa da kuma canza shi yadda ya kamata zuwa wutar lantarki ya kasance manyan ƙalubalen fasaha.
Bincike yana mai da hankali ne akan hanyoyi guda biyu: Magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) da inertial confinement fusion. Na'urorin MCF suna amfani da filayen magnetic don ƙunshe da plasma. Ka'idojin farko sun haɗa da z-pinch, stellarator, da madubi na magnetic, tare da ƙirar tokamak ta zama mai rinjaye bayan gwaje-gwajen Soviet a cikin shekarun 1960. ICF tana matsawa da kuma dumama ƙananan man fetur ta amfani da lasers masu ƙarfi, waɗanda aka haɓaka da farko tun daga shekarun 1970. Ayyukan da suka fi girma sune ITER a Faransa da National Ignition Facility a Amurka. Kungiyoyin kasuwanci da na ilimi suma suna nazarin madadin kamar haɗin kai da ƙirar tauraron zamani.
Kalmomin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kalmomin "gwaji na haɗuwa" da "na'urar haɗuwa" suna nufin tarin fasahohin da aka yi amfani da su don binciken kimiyya na Plasma, da ci gaban fasaha. Ba duk suna iya, ko kuma ana amfani da su akai-akai don, samar da halayen thermonuclear watau haɗuwa.
Ana amfani da kalmar "fusion reactor" ta hanyar musayarwa don nufin gwaje-gwajen da ke sama, ko kuma yana nufin sigar samar da wutar lantarki, a tsakiyar tashar wutar lantarki ta kasuwanci, tana buƙatar ƙarin abubuwa kamar bargo da injin zafi.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Scientists achieve net energy gain in nuclear fusion". The Independent (in Turanci). 2022-12-13. Retrieved 2025-07-25.
- ↑ "Fusion "Breakthrough" Won't Lead to Practical Fusion Energy – IEEE Spectrum". spectrum.ieee.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-11-02.
- ↑ Gan, Y; Hernandez, F (2017). "Thermal Discrete Element Analysis of EU Solid Breeder Blanket Subjected to Neutron Irradiation" (PDF). Fusion Science and Technology. 66 (1): 83–90. arXiv:1406.4199. doi:10.13182/FST13-727. Retrieved March 24, 2024 – via HAL archives ouvertes.