Ilimi a kurkuku
 Ilimi a kurkuku | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
pedagogy (en)  |
ilimi a kurkuku duk wani aikin ilimi ne da ke faruwa a cikin kurkuku. Darussan na iya haɗawa da shirye-shiryen karatu da rubutu na asali, shirye-shirye na daidaito na makarantar sakandare, ilimin sana'a, da ilimin sakandare. Sauran ayyukan kamar Shirye-shiryen farfadowa, ilimin jiki, da shirye-shirye na zane-zane da sana'o'i ana iya la'akari da su a matsayin nau'in ilimin kurkuku. Ana samar da shirye-shirye, sarrafawa, da kuma tallafawa ta hanyar tsarin kurkuku, kodayake ana iya buƙatar fursunoni su biya don shirye-shiryen ilimi na nesa. Tarihin da ayyukan yanzu a cikin ilimin kurkuku sun bambanta sosai tsakanin ƙasashe.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Turai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tarihi da wadatar ilimin kurkuku a Turai ya bambanta sosai tsakanin ƙasashe. Kasashen Arewa suna da dogon tarihi na samar da ilimi ga fursunoni, kuma Sweden musamman ana daukar ta a matsayin majagaba a fagen.[1] Ilimi na kurkuku ya zama tilas ga fursunoni a ƙarƙashin 35 a cikin 1842, kuma ana iya gano ilimin sana'a zuwa akalla 1874, lokacin da kurkukun Uppsala County ta hayar masassaƙi don koyar da fursunoni aikin katako.[2] A Denmark, masu laifi na yara sun sami damar samun ilimi tun daga shekarun 1850, kuma shirye-shiryen ilimi sun zama tilas a gare su a cikin 1930. Kurkuku na manya suna da shirye-shiryen ilimi tun 1866, kuma an aiwatar da dokar da ke buƙatar duk fursunoni a ƙarƙashin shekaru 30 su shiga cikin darussan ilimi a cikin shekara ta 1952.[2] Norway ta bude kurkuku ta farko don mayar da hankali kan ilimi a matsayin hanyar farfadowa a 1851. [2] A shekara ta 1875, duk kurkuku takwas a kasar suna ba da ilimi ga fursunoni, kuma a ƙarshen karni, doka ta tabbatar da cewa duk wani fursuna wanda bai kammala karatun firamare da sakandare ba ya kamata ya yi haka yayin da yake cikin kurkuku. [3][2] Ya zuwa shekara ta 2007, kowane kurkuku a Norway yana da makaranta don fursunoni.[3] A Finland, an karɓi doka a 1866 wanda ya tabbatar da cewa duk fursunoni za su sami ilimin firamare, kodayake aiwatar da umarnin ya fuskanci matsaloli. An aiwatar da sake fasalin ilimi mai nasara a cikin 1899, wanda bai canza ba har zuwa 1975. [2] Koyaya Iceland, wanda ya zuwa shekara ta 2011 ya kai fursunoni 137 kawai a cikin ƙasar, kawai ya fara aiwatar da shirye-shiryen ilimi a shekara ta 1971. [4][2]
Caribbean
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kafa tsarin kurkuku a Barbados a shekarar 1945. An gabatar da shirye-shiryen ilimi a hukumance a ciki a cikin 1956, kuma an mayar da hankali kan ilimin karatu da lissafi, kodayake ba a yarda da fursunonin mata su shiga ba har sai an zartar da Dokar Gyaran Kurkuku ta 1961-66. Ba a yarda da fursunoni sama da shekaru 25 su shiga cikin shirye-shirye ba har zuwa 1990, lokacin da Barbados ta karɓi umarnin Taron Duniya kan Ilimi ga Duk. Dokar ta kuma ga bayar da ilimin sana'a da na sakandare a cikin tsarin kurkuku. [5] Jamhuriyar Dominica ta sami sauye-sauyen kurkuku tun daga shekara ta 2003, tare da karatun asali ya zama tilas a kusan rabin kurkuku 35 na kasar; idan fursunoni sun ki shiga an hana su dama kamar ziyara. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2012, 36 daga cikin fursunoni 268 a gidan yarin mata na Najayo suna kammala digiri na jami'a a ko dai doka ko ilimin halayyar dan adam.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Kosmidou, Agapi (2011). "Education Behind Bars: The Case of Sweden". Andragoške studije. 1: 119–133.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Nordic Council of Ministers 2005.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Smith 2017a.
- ↑ Andersen, Anna (September 27, 2011). "Doing Time in Iceland". The Reykjavík Grapevine. Archived from the original on May 18, 2018.
- ↑ Niles, Bradley; Bernar, Ayodeji (2000). "Education For All in the Caribbean: Assessment 2000 Monograph Series 24" (PDF). UNESCO. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 19, 2015.