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Ilimi na haƙuri

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Wani mai daukar hoto ya bayyana x-ray ga mai hakar kwal da ke shiga cikin tantancewa. Ilimin mai haƙuri na iya haɗawa da bayyana sakamakon gwajin bincike.

Ilimi na mai haƙuri tsari ne na ilmantarwa wanda aka tsara don tallafawa da kuma ba da damar ƙwararrun marasa lafiya [1] don sarrafa rayuwarsu tare da cuta da / ko inganta lafiyarsu da jin daɗi. [2][3]

Bayani na gaba ɗaya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kowane ƙwararren mai kiwon lafiya wanda ya gudanar da ilimin horo mai dacewa na iya bayar da ilimi, ilimi kan sadarwa mai haƙuri da ilimi yawanci ana haɗa shi a cikin horar da ƙwararren likitan lafiya. Koyaya, ana buƙatar ƙarin horo don haɓaka ƙwarewar ƙwararru da ake buƙata don sauƙaƙe sarrafa kai da canjin halayyar.[1][2] Ilimin mai haƙuri da ƙwararren mai kiwon lafiya ke bayarwa sau da yawa yana da tasiri fiye da wasu hanyoyin kamar jagororin magani.[3] Cibiyoyi da yawa suna kira ga darussan a cikin ilimantar da daliban likita a cikin Sadarwar Fasaha don inganta Ilimin Marasa Lafiya da fa'idodi masu zuwa.[4]

Ilimin kiwon lafiya kuma kayan aiki ne da ake amfani da shi ta hanyar tsare-tsaren kulawa, kuma yana iya haɗawa da ilimi na rigakafi ko inganta kiwon lafiya da cututtuka ko yanayin takamaiman ilimi.[5] Wasu batutuwa da aka gabatar a cikin darussan Ilimi na Marasa Lafiya sun haɗa da Sadarwar Fasaha da Kwararru (TPC) da Rhetoric of Health and Medicine (RHM) don shirya malamai na Lafiya don ƙirƙirar hanyoyin sadarwa masu sauƙi da al'adu.[4]

Fa'idodi

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Muhimman abubuwa na ilimin mai haƙuri shine haɓaka ƙwarewa da alhakin: marasa lafiya suna buƙatar sanin lokacin, ta yaya, da kuma dalilin da ya sa suke buƙatar canza salon rayuwa. Ƙoƙarin rukuni yana da mahimmanci: kowane memba na ƙungiyar kula da lafiyar mai haƙuri yana buƙatar shiga. Hakanan yana iya taimaka wa marasa lafiya ta hanyar rayuwa mafi kyau, yana ba su damar koyon sabon bayani. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span>]

Ana iya taƙaita darajar ilimin haƙuri kamar haka:

  • Inganta fahimtar yanayin kiwon lafiya, ganewar asali, cuta, ko nakasa.
  • Inganta fahimtar hanyoyin da hanyoyin sarrafa fannoni da yawa na yanayin kiwon lafiya.
  • Inganta kare kai a cikin yanke shawara don yin aiki da kansa daga masu ba da kiwon lafiya da kuma dogaro da su.
  • Inganta shirin nuna damuwa game da isar da magani, haɗari, da sashi tare da likita.[3]
  • Inganta amincewa tsakanin mai haƙuri da mai ba da su ta hanyar ingantaccen sadarwa.[3]
  • Ƙarin bin - Sadarwa mai inganci da ilimin haƙuri yana ƙara motsawar haƙuri don bin jiyya.
  • Sakamakon marasa lafiya - Marasa lafiya sun fi mayar da martani sosai ga shirin magani - ƙananan rikitarwa.
  • Sanarwar yarda - Marasa lafiya suna jin cewa kun ba da bayanin da suke buƙata don yin yanke shawara mai kyau
  • An ba su ikon yin yanke shawara tare - Marasa lafiya sun fahimci shaidar fa'idodi da haɗarin shiga tsakani, suna taimaka musu suyi la'akari da gaske da cinikayya da suke (ba) son yi ba.[6]
  • Ƙara ilimin kiwon lafiya da amincewa don kewaya tsarin kiwon lafiya.[7]
  • Amfani - Amfani da sabis na kiwon lafiya mafi inganci - ƙananan kiran waya da ziyara marasa amfani.[7]
  • Satisfaction da turawa - Marasa lafiya sun fi dacewa su zauna tare da aikinku kuma su tura wasu marasa lafiya.[8]
  • Gudanar da Hadari - Ƙananan haɗarin rashin aiki lokacin da marasa lafiya ke da tsammanin gaske.[9]
  • Kabilanci da kiwon lafiya - Ilimi da aka yi niyya don taimakawa rage nauyin da ba daidai ba a kan yawan mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin mutuwa.[10]

Malaman Lafiya

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Kwarewar Malami na kiwon lafiya sun hada da:

  • Haɗakar da ɗabi'a ta mutum game da alhakin zamantakewa da ayyuka ga wasu.
  • Bayar da kulawa mai kyau, mai ƙwarewa, da kuma tushen shaida.
  • Yi amfani da kiwon lafiya na rigakafi.
  • Ka mai da hankali kan kula da dangantaka tare da mutane da iyalansu.
  • Haɗakar da abubuwa masu yawa na kiwon lafiya yayin bayar da kulawa.
  • Kasancewa da al'adu kuma a buɗe ga al'umma daban-daban.
  • Yi amfani da fasaha yadda ya kamata kuma yadda ya kamata.
  • Kasancewa a yanzu a fagen kuma ci gaba da inganta ilimi.

Sakamakon

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Akwai wurare da yawa inda ilimin mai haƙuri zai iya inganta sakamakon magani.

  • Misali, a cikin marasa lafiya tare da yankewa, an nuna ilimin mai haƙuri yana da tasiri lokacin da ƙungiyar kiwon lafiya ta kusanci daga kowane bangare (nurses, likitan kulawa ta farko, likitan hannu, likitan jiki, likitan aiki da sauransu). An nuna kungiyoyin tallafi a matsayin hanya mai taimako don magance baƙin ciki a cikin wannan yawan. Ilimin haƙuri kafin tiyata ya taimaka wa marasa lafiya tare da tsarin yanke shawara ta hanyar sanar da su abubuwan da suka shafi ciwo, asarar hannu, da ƙuntatawa na aiki da suka fuskanta bayan yankewa.[11]
  • A game da arthritis, an gano cewa ana gudanar da ilimin haƙuri ta hanyar hanyoyi uku, gami da fuska da fuska tare da masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya, kungiyoyin marasa lafiya, shirye-shiryen tallafi na kan layi. An sami shaidar Category I don mutum, fuska da fuska. Taron tare da likitocin rheumatologists, masu warkarwa na sana'a, masu warkewa na jiki, ma'aikatan jinya, da sauran masu ba da kiwon lafiya an gano suna da tasiri wajen samar da bin magani, magani, da kuma inganta lafiyar mai haƙuri gaba ɗaya.[1][12]
  • A game da rheumatoid arthritis, an nuna ilimin mai haƙuri a matsayin ingantaccen magani ba tare da magani ba.[13] An ba da shawarar cewa ilimin haƙuri ya zama farkon farawa kuma ya goyi bayan duk matakan gudanar da kai.[14][2]
  • Matsayin kungiyoyin masu haƙuri wajen samar da tallafi da jagora mai tsari ga mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta yana da daraja sosai ga masu sana'a da marasa lafiya. [14][15]
  • Yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da abubuwan haƙuri waɗanda zasu iya taimakawa inganta sakamakon ilimin haƙuri. Wadannan su ne kunna haƙuri, ra'ayoyin rashin lafiya, damuwa, ilimin mahalarta game da yanayinsu, shiga tare da binciken yau da kullun da halayyar kiwon lafiya mai kyau.[16][17][18][19][20][21] Wadannan dalilai na iya zama manufofi ga ilimin mai haƙuri.

Dubi kuma

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  • Shirin Kwararren Mai Ruwa
  • Biyayya (magunguna)
  • Kwarewar al'adu a cikin kiwon lafiya
  • Magungunan kore
  • Kulawa mai sarrafawa
  • Rubuce-rubucen kiwon lafiya
  • Misali na Orem na jinya

Bayanan da ke ƙasa

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Zangi, Heidi A.; Ndosi, Mwidimi; Adams, Jo; Andersen, Lena; Bode, Christina; Boström, Carina; van Eijk-Hustings, Yvonne; Gossec, Laure; Korandová, Jana; Mendes, Gabriel; Niedermann, Karin (June 2015). "EULAR recommendations for patient education for people with inflammatory arthritis". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 74 (6): 954–962. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206807. ISSN 1468-2060. PMID 25735643. S2CID 2370392. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help) Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bennett, Sarah E.; Zangi, Heidi A.; Larsson, Ingrid; Beauvais, Catherine; Boström, Carina; Domján, Andrea; van Eijk-Hustings, Yvonne; Van der Elst, Kristien; Fayet, Françoise; Ferreira, Ricardo J. O.; Fusama, Mie (2022-06-08). "Assessing acceptability and identifying barriers and facilitators to implementation of the EULAR recommendations for patient education in inflammatory arthritis: a mixed-methods study with rheumatology professionals in 23 European and Asian countries". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 81 (10): annrheumdis–2022–222253. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-222253. ISSN 1468-2060. PMID 35676076 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 249521050 Check |s2cid= value (help). Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Bennett annrheumdis–2022–222253" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 White, Matthew (Fall 2019). "A Disconnect in the Process and Understanding of Prescription Medications" (PDF). Xchanges.org. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Angeli, Elizabeth; Campbell, Lillian (Spring 2023). "Designing "Writing for Health and Medicine": Course arcs, anchors, and action" (PDF). Programmatic Perspectives. 14 (1): 165–174 – via cptcs.ord. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content
  5. ↑ Cordier JF (2014). "The expert patient: towards a novel definition". Eur Respir J. 44 (4): 853–7. doi:10.1183/09031936.00027414. PMID 25271227. S2CID 315598. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  6. ↑ "iv. Patient Education and Counseling for Prevention". Archived from the original on April 21, 2014.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Buchbinder, Rachelle; Batterham, Roy; Ciciriello, Sabina; Newman, Stan; Horgan, Ben; Ueffing, Erin; Rader, Tamara; Tugwell, Peter S.; Osborne, Richard H. (August 2011). "Health Literacy: What Is It and Why Is It Important to Measure?". The Journal of Rheumatology (in Turanci). 38 (8): 1791–1797. doi:10.3899/jrheum.110406. ISSN 0315-162X. PMID 21807802. S2CID 27792650.
  8. ↑ Cordier JF (2014). "The expert patient: towards a novel definition". Eur Respir J. 44 (4): 853–7. doi:10.1183/09031936.00027414. PMID 25271227. S2CID 315598. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  9. ↑ "Home". X-Plain Patient Education.
  10. ↑ Israel, Elliot; Cardet, Juan-Carlos; Carroll, Jennifer K.; Fuhlbrigge, Anne L.; She, Lilin; Rockhold, Frank W.; Maher, Nancy E.; Fagan, Maureen; Forth, Victoria E.; Yawn, Barbara P.; Arias Hernandez, Paulina (2022-04-21). "Reliever-Triggered Inhaled Glucocorticoid in Black and Latinx Adults with Asthma". New England Journal of Medicine (in Turanci). 386 (16): 1505–1518. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2118813. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 10367430 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 35213105 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 247106044 Check |s2cid= value (help).
  11. ↑ Cordier JF (2014). "The expert patient: towards a novel definition". Eur Respir J. 44 (4): 853–7. doi:10.1183/09031936.00027414. PMID 25271227. S2CID 315598. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  12. ↑ "iv. Patient Education and Counseling for Prevention". Archived from the original on April 21, 2014.
  13. ↑ Cordier JF (2014). "The expert patient: towards a novel definition". Eur Respir J. 44 (4): 853–7. doi:10.1183/09031936.00027414. PMID 25271227. S2CID 315598. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Nikiphorou, Elena; Santos, Eduardo José Ferreira; Marques, Andrea; Böhm, Peter; Bijlsma, Johannes Wj; Daien, Claire Immediato; Esbensen, Bente Appel; Ferreira, Ricardo J. O.; Fragoulis, George E.; Holmes, Pat; McBain, Hayley (October 2021). "2021 EULAR recommendations for the implementation of self-management strategies in patients with inflammatory arthritis". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 80 (10): 1278–1285. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220249. ISSN 1468-2060. PMC 8458093 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 33962964 Check |pmid= value (help).
  15. ↑ Cordier JF (2014). "The expert patient: towards a novel definition". Eur Respir J. 44 (4): 853–7. doi:10.1183/09031936.00027414. PMID 25271227. S2CID 315598. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  16. ↑ "iv. Patient Education and Counseling for Prevention". Archived from the original on April 21, 2014.
  17. ↑ Cordier JF (2014). "The expert patient: towards a novel definition". Eur Respir J. 44 (4): 853–7. doi:10.1183/09031936.00027414. PMID 25271227. S2CID 315598. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  18. ↑ "Home". X-Plain Patient Education.
  19. ↑ Israel, Elliot; Cardet, Juan-Carlos; Carroll, Jennifer K.; Fuhlbrigge, Anne L.; She, Lilin; Rockhold, Frank W.; Maher, Nancy E.; Fagan, Maureen; Forth, Victoria E.; Yawn, Barbara P.; Arias Hernandez, Paulina (2022-04-21). "Reliever-Triggered Inhaled Glucocorticoid in Black and Latinx Adults with Asthma". New England Journal of Medicine (in Turanci). 386 (16): 1505–1518. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2118813. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 10367430 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 35213105 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 247106044 Check |s2cid= value (help).
  20. ↑ Cordier JF (2014). "The expert patient: towards a novel definition". Eur Respir J. 44 (4): 853–7. doi:10.1183/09031936.00027414. PMID 25271227. S2CID 315598. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  21. ↑ Goodworth, Marie-Christine R; Stepleman, Lara; Hibbard, Judith; Johns, Lisa; Wright, Dustin; Hughes, Mary D; Williams, Mitzi J (2016). "Variables associated with patient activation in persons with multiple sclerosis". Journal of Health Psychology (in Turanci). 21 (1): 82–92. doi:10.1177/1359105314522085. ISSN 1359-1053. PMID 24591120. S2CID 23376047.

Bayanan da aka ambata

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • JF mai amfani da igiya Masanin mai haƙuri: zuwa ga ma'anar labari. Eur Respir J. 2014 Oktoba;44 (4):853-7. Rubuce-rubuce: 10.1183/09031936.00027414. PMID 2527
  • [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Ibrananci da aka yi amfani da ita. Koyar da marasa lafiya da ƙarancin ƙwarewa [1]
  • [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Babu Lokaci don Koyarwa: Muhimmancin Ilimi na Marasa Lafiya da Iyali don Masu Kula da Lafiya. Atlanta: Pritchett & Hull
  • Rankin, S. H., Stallings, K. D., & London, F. (2005). Ilimin Marasa Lafiya da Rashin Lafiya (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
  • [Hotuna a shafi na 9] Kwararrun masu kiwon lafiya a matsayin malami: Ka'idodin koyarwa da ilmantarwa. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.
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