Ilimin likitanci
 Ilimin likitanci | |
|---|---|
academic discipline (en)  , branch of geology (en) , medical specialty (en) da field of study (en) | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
ilmin duwatsu da medicine (en) |
Ilimin likitanci wani fanni ne na kimiyyar da'a daban-daban da ke nazarin alakar da ke tsakanin abubuwan da ke tattare da yanayin kasa da tasirinsu kan lafiyar mutum da dabba.[1] Hukumar da ke kula da kimiyyar yanayin kasa don tsara muhalli ta bayyana ilimin ilimin likitanci a matsayin "kimiyyar da ke magana da tasirin abubuwan muhalli na yau da kullun kan rarraba matsalolin kiwon lafiya a yanki na mutum da dabbobi."
A mafi faɗin ma'anarsa, ilimin ƙasa na likitanci yana nazarin fallasa ko rashi na abubuwa da ma'adanai; inhalation na yanayi da ƙurar ma'adinai na ɗan adam da hayaƙin volcanic; sufuri, gyare-gyare da kuma maida hankali na kwayoyin halitta; da kuma bayyanar da radionuclides, microbes da pathogens.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mutane da yawa sun ɗauki ilimin ilimin ƙasa a matsayin sabon filin, lokacin da a zahiri ya sake fitowa. Hippocrates da Aristotle sun fara fahimtar dangantakar dake tsakanin cututtukan ɗan adam da abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa. Wannan filin a ƙarshe ya dogara ne akan wasu fagage daban-daban da ke zuwa tare da yin aiki tare don warware wasu asirin duniya. Kalmar kimiyya ta wannan fanni ita ce hydrobiogeochemoepidemiopathoecology;[2] duk da haka, an fi saninsa da ilimin yanayin likitanci. An kafa ta a cikin 1990 ta Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya na Kimiyyar Geological. Paracelsus, "mahaifin ilimin harhada magunguna" (1493-1541), ya bayyana cewa "dukkan abubuwa guba ne, babu wani wanda ba guba ba. Daidaitaccen sashi yana bambanta guba da magani." Manufar wannan fanni ita ce samun daidaiton daidaito da kuma cin abubuwa / ma'adanai don ingantawa da kiyaye lafiya.
Misalan bincike a fannin ilimin likitanci sun haɗa da:
Nazarin kan tasirin gurɓataccen motsi a sakamakon matsanancin yanayin yanayi kamar ambaliya.
Lead da sauran nauyin ƙarfe mai nauyi da ke haifar da ƙura da sauran ɓarna
Fuskar asbestos kamar amphibole asbestos kura a Libby, Montana
Cutar cututtukan fungal da ke haifar da ƙurar iska, kamar zazzabin kwari ko coccidioidomycosis
Kwanan nan, an gabatar da sabon ra'ayi na "injin injiniyan geomedical" a fannin ilmin likitanci ta hanyar takarda mai suna "Geomedical Engineering: A new and captivating prospect". Yana ba da tushen tushen aikace-aikacen injiniya ga al'amuran ilimin ƙasa.[3]
Muhalli da lafiyar dan Adam
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sanin kowa ne cewa yanayin muhallinmu ya shafe mu ta hanyoyi da dama. Ma'adanai da duwatsu suna da tasiri a kan yawan mutane da dabbobi saboda abin da kasa ta kunsa ke nan. Ilimin ilimin likitanci yana kawo kwararru daga fannin likitanci da kuma fannin ilimin kasa don taimaka mana fahimtar wannan dangantakar. Akwai manyan al'amurra guda biyu waɗanda aka kafa a cikin filin ilimin ilimin likitanci, "(1) nazarin abubuwan ganowa, musamman ma bioavailability da (2) buƙatar kafa tushe, ko matakan baya na gurɓataccen abu / xenobiotics / mai yuwuwar cutarwa amma abubuwan da ke faruwa ta zahiri a cikin ruwa, ƙasa, iska, abinci, da nama na dabba. Wadanda suka dogara da kasa suna fuskantar daya daga cikin matsaloli biyu. Na farko, wadanda ke zaune a wurare irin su Maputaland, Afirka ta Kudu suna fuskantar kasa mai tsananin talauci wanda ke haifar da wasu cututtuka da rashin daidaituwar ma'adinai ke haifarwa. Na biyu, wadanda ke yankuna irin su Indiya da Bangladesh galibi suna fuskantar yawan abubuwan da ke cikin kasa, wanda ke haifar da gubar ma'adinai.
Dukkan halittu masu rai suna buƙatar wasu abubuwan da ke faruwa ta halitta; duk da haka, yawan adadin zai iya cutar da lafiya.[9] Akwai alaka kai tsaye tsakanin lafiya da kasa domin duk dan Adam yana sha da numfashi a cikin wadannan sinadarai kuma galibi ana yinsa ne cikin rashin sani.[4]
Tushen bayyanar sinadarai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai hanyoyi da yawa da ’yan Adam suke saduwa da abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa kuma a ƙasa akwai ƴan hanyoyin da za mu bijiro da su.
Volcanoes na daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin da ke kawo dukkan guba daga cikin kasa zuwa waje. Suna fitar da sinadarai kamar; arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, mercury, gubar, radon, da uranium.
Har ila yau, duwatsun suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin fallasa waɗannan abubuwan. "Hakika su ne tushen dukkan sinadarai da ake samu a doron kasa."
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Medical geology". British Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 7 September 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
- ↑ Goovaerts, P. (August 2014). "Geostatistics: a common link between medical geography, mathematical geology, and medical geology". Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 114: 605–612. ISSN 2225-6253. PMC 4339079. PMID 25722963. S2CID 36283381.
- ↑ Ur Rehman, Atteeq (June 2009). "Geomedical Engineering: A new and captivating prospect" (PDF). Medical Geology Newsletter 14: 22–23. ISSN 1651-5250. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 October 2022.
- ↑ Selinus, Olle (February 2007). "Medical Geology: An Opportunity for the Future". Ambio: A Journal of the Human Environment. 36 (1): 114–116. doi:10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[114:mgaoft]2.0.co;2. PMID 17408204. S2CID 1245988.