Ilimin yaren Jafananci a Mongolia
Ilimin yaren Jafananci a Mongolia ya samo asali ne daga 1975, lokacin da Jami'ar Kasa ta Mongolia ta kafa wani zaɓi a cikin Harshen Jafananci. Wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2003 ya gano malamai 199 da ke koyar da dalibai 9,080 na Jafananci a cibiyoyi daban-daban 67.[1] Ya zuwa 2024, a cewar Gidauniyar Japan, mutane 16,123 suna koyon Jafananci a Mongolia.[2]
Hanyoyi da motsawa don karatu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Nazarin Jafananci a Mongolia, tare da nazarin Turanci da Jamusanci, ya fara fadadawa a farkon shekarun 1990 a cikin abin da ake kira "hawan harshe" wanda ya faru yayin da kasar ta fara sassaucin ra'ayi. A cikin 1970s da 1980s, ɗalibai 3-5 ne kawai suka shiga kowace shekara a cikin darasi na Jafananci guda ɗaya da Jami'ar Kasa ta Mongolia ta bayar; Mongolians waɗanda suka tafi Japan a matsayin ɗaliban tallafin ilimi na duniya yawanci suna da ƙananan shirye-shiryen harshe a babba, kuma sun ɗauki darussan a Jami'ar Nazarin Kasashen Waje ta Osaka don kama su kafin su fara karatun yankin. Koyaya, halin da ake ciki ya fara ingantawa a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, lokacin da NUM ta kafa darasi na yamma a cikin Jafananci, kuma a cikin 1989, lokacin da wasu cibiyoyin da ba na makaranta ba suka fara ba da darussan Jafananci.[3] NUM ta kafa cikakken girma a cikin batun a cikin 1990; wata makaranta kuma ta fara ba da koyarwar harshen Jafananci ga ɗaliban firamare da sakandare a wannan shekarar.[1]
Ma'aikatar Ilimi ba ta kafa tsarin karatu na yau da kullun don koyar da harshen Jafananci a matakan sakandare ba, kamar yadda yake ga harsunan kasashen waje na Turanci da Rasha.[3] Daliban firamare da sakandare sun hada da kashi 13.6% na dukkan daliban Jafananci a kasar; sauran an raba su kusan daidai tsakanin cibiyoyin ilimi mafi girma da cibiyoyin da ba makarantu ba. Koyaya, yawan ɗalibai da malami sun fi dacewa a cibiyoyin ilimi mafi girma, tare da kusan ɗalibai 33 ga kowane malami, idan aka kwatanta da ɗalibai 109 ga kowane malamai a cibiyoyi marasa makaranta.[1] Littattafan da ake amfani da su galibi sun kunshi waɗanda Gidauniyar Japan ta bayar; littafin masu farawa Nihongo Shoho (日本語初歩) yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fi shahara. An buga wani littafi da aka tsara musamman ga masu koyo na Mongoliya a watan Yulin 1996. [3]
Dalilan da aka saba da su don ilmantar da harshe sun haɗa da sha'awar karatu a Japan, don fahimtar al'adun Japan, da kuma koyo game da fasahar Japan; yawon bude ido da sha'awa don koyo game da siyasar Japan ba a ambaci su a matsayin dalilai na koyon harshe ba.[1] Malamai suna jin cewa akwai isasshen adadin darussan farawa da matsakaici, amma ba isasshen darussan matakin ci gaba ba.
Matsalolin da suka shafi harshe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Harshen Mongolian yayi kama da na Jafananci. Yawancin alamun shari'ar Mongoliya suna da daidaituwa kai tsaye tsakanin barbashi na Jafananci, amma, alal misali, shari'ar da aka zaba a cikin Mongolian ba ta da alama, kuma ana sauke alamar manufa a wasu lokuta, musamman idan abu ya tabbata; masu fara Mongolian masu ko Jafananci suna ɗaukar halaye iri ɗaya a cikin Jafananci. Ɗaya daga cikin bambance-bambance da ke da wahala ga masu koyo a Mongolia shine tsakanin barbashi na ni da de, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su bi da bi don bayyane wurin wanzuwar da kuma wurin aikin aikatau; Mongolian ba ya rarrabe tsakanin su biyu. Amfani da aikatau don "zuwa" da "zuwa" ya bambanta dan kadan.[4]
Fatawar mafi yawan masu koyo na Jafananci a Mongolia shine cewa darussan ya kamata su mai da hankali kan koyar da kanji, ba tare da wasu fannoni na harshe ba; malamai sun ba da rahoton cewa wannan matsala ce musamman saboda matsin lamba daga iyaye na dalibai a matakin firamare da sakandare.[3]
Gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Shekara | Birni | Bincike ta Mataki | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | Jimillar | ||
| 2006[5] | Ulan Bator | 129 | 334 | 246 | 104 | 813 |
| 2005[6] | Ulan Bator | 151 | 276 | 269 | 100 | 796 |
| 2004[7] | Ulan Bator | 112 | 246 | 214 | 123 | 695 |
| 2003[8] | Ulan Bator | 100 | 133 | 164 | 67 | 464 |
| 2002 | Bayanan da suka ɓace | |||||
| 2001 | Bayanan da suka ɓace | |||||
| 2000[9] | Ulan Bator | 31 | 148 | 147 | 83 | 439 |
An ba da gwajin ƙwarewar harshen Jafananci a Mongolia tun shekara ta 2000.[1] Ya zuwa shekara ta 2006, an bayar da shi ne kawai a Ulan Bator. Adadin masu jarrabawa ya karu da kashi 75% tsakanin 2003 da 2006; kamar yadda yake a China da Koriya ta Kudu, amma ya bambanta da sauran ƙasashen Asiya, jarrabawar Mataki 2, da nufin ɗaliban da suka kammala sa'o'i 600 na koyarwa, ita ce mafi yawan ƙoƙarin, kuma jarrabawar Matsayi 4, da nufin fara ɗalibai tare da sa'o-i 150 na koyarwa. [2][3] Ba a ba da gwajin Kasuwancin Jafananci na JETRO a Mongolia ba tun daga shekara ta 2006. [4]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Jafananci a matsayin harshen waje
- Ilimi a Mongolia
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "2003年海外日本語教育機関調査結果: モンゴル (Results of the 2003 survey of overseas Japanese language educational institutions: Mongolia)". The Japan Foundation. 2005. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2023-12-02. Retrieved 2023-08-21.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Tsuchiya, Chihiro; S. Dolgor (1997). "Present and Future Situation of Japanese Language Teaching in Mongolia". Japan International Cultural Exchange Foundation. Archived from the original on 2007-10-09. Retrieved 2007-08-22. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - ↑ [1]
- ↑ "Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2006: Summary of the Results" (PDF). Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-10. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ↑ "Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2005: Summary of the Results" (PDF). Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-01-06. Retrieved 2006-12-01.
- ↑ "Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2004: Summary of the Results" (PDF). Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 6, 2005. Retrieved 2006-12-03.
- ↑ "Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2003: Summary of the Results" (PDF). Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation. 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 21, 2004. Retrieved 2006-12-03.
- ↑ "The 2000 Japanese-Language Proficiency Test Number of Examinees by Sites". The Japan Foundation. 2001-02-07. Archived from the original on 2003-04-07. Retrieved 2006-12-03.
Ƙarin karantawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Mori, Madoka (August 2006). "モンゴル人日本語学習者の日本語学習動機に関する分析 (An analysis of motivations for Japanese-language study by Mongolian learners of Japanese)". Gobun to Kyōiku. 20: 105–115. ISSN 0914-4145. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- Munkhtsetseg, Tangaa (November 1995). "モンゴルにおける日本語教育:現状と問題点 (Present Situation and Problem of Japanese-Language Teaching in Mongolia)". Current Report on Japanese-Language Education Around the Globe. 3: 15–20. ISSN 1340-3184. Retrieved 2007-08-23.