Inés Suárez
 Inés Suárez | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Cikakken suna | Inés Suárez |
| Haihuwa |
Plasencia (mul)  , 1507 |
| ƙasa | Ispaniya |
| Mutuwa | Santiago de Chile, 1580 |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Abokiyar zama |
Rodrigo de Quiroga (en) |
| Ma'aurata |
Pedro de Valdivia (mul) |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna |
Yaren Sifen Extremaduran (en) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
conquistador (en) da seamstress (en) |
 | |
Inés Suárez, ( ; kimanin 1507 - 1580) wani mayakiyar Spain ce wanda ta shiga cikin Yaƙin Chile tare da Pedro de Valdivia, inda ya yi nasarar kare sabuwar Santiago da aka kwace daga hannun 'yan asalin Mapuche a shekarar 1541.
Rayuwar farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Suárez a Plasencia, Extremadura, Spain a shekara ta 1507. [1] Ta zo Amurka a kimanin shekara ta 1537, kimanin shekara talatin. Ana kyautata zaton tana neman mijinta Juan de Málaga, wanda ya bar Spain don yin hidima a Sabuwar Duniya tare da 'yan'uwan Pizarro. Bayan dogon lokaci na ci gaba da bincike a wurare da dama na Kudancin Amurka, ta isa Lima a shekara ta 1538.
Mijin Suárez ya mutu kafin ta isa Peru (ta gaya wa wata 'yar ƙasarta cewa ya mutu a teku) kuma wani bayani da aka sani game da ita shine a shekara ta 1539, lokacin da ta nemi a ba ta ƙaramin fili a Cuzco, a matsayin bazawar wani soja ɗan Spain kuma aka ba ta haƙƙin wasu 'yan Indiyawa.
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Suárez ta zama uwargidan Pedro de Valdivia, wanda ya ci Chile. Tun farko an ambaci abotarta da Valdivia ne bayan ya dawo daga Yaƙin Las Salinas (1538). Duk da cewa sun fito daga yanki ɗaya na Spain kuma aƙalla wani marubuci ya ba da labarin soyayya mai daɗewa a tsakaninsu, babu wata shaida ta gaske da ta nuna cewa sun haɗu kafin ta isa Cuzco.
Cin Nasara a Chile
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A ƙarshen shekarar 1539, saboda ƙin amincewar Francisco Martínez da kuma ƙarfafa shi daga wasu daga cikin kyaftin ɗinsa, Valdivia, ta amfani da ayyukan tsaka-tsaki na wani firist na Mercedarian, ya nemi izinin hukuma don Suárez ya zama ɓangare na ƙungiyar 'yan Spain 12 da yake jagoranta zuwa Kudu. Francisco Pizarro, a cikin wasiƙarsa zuwa Valdivia (Janairu 1540) yana ba da izini ga Suárez ya raka Valdivia a matsayin mai hidimar gidansa, ya yi wa Suárez waɗannan kalmomi, "...kamar yadda Valdivia ya gaya mini, mazan suna jin tsoron yin irin wannan doguwar tafiya kuma kai da ƙarfin hali ka sanya kanka cikin wannan haɗarin..."
A lokacin doguwar tafiya mai cike da wahala zuwa kudu, Suárez, wacce ita ce mace ɗaya tilo farar fata a cikin wannan balaguron, ban da kula da Valdivia da kuma kula da marasa lafiya da waɗanda suka ji rauni, ta samo musu ruwa a cikin hamada, kuma ta ceci Valdivia lokacin da ɗaya daga cikin abokan hamayyarsa ta yi ƙoƙarin lalata kasuwancinsa ta kuma kashe shi. 'Yan asalin ƙasar, bayan sun riga sun fuskanci hare-haren 'yan Spain, ( Diego de Almagro, 1535–1536) sun ƙone amfanin gonakinsu kuma suka kori dabbobinsu, ba su bar komai ga ƙungiyar Valdivia da dabbobin da ke tare da su ba. Suarez mai dafa abinci ce kuma ma'aikaciyar jinya a yawancin balaguron. Ita ce ke da alhakin noman amfanin gona da kula da dabbobin ƙungiyar. Duk lokacin da ya zama dole, za ta ɗauki takobi ta yi yaƙi tare da sauran mutanen.
A watan Disamba na shekarar 1540, watanni goma sha ɗaya bayan sun bar Cuzco, Valdivia da ƙungiyarsa suka isa kwarin kogin Mapocho, inda Valdivia za ta kafa babban birnin yankin. Kwarin yana da faɗi kuma cike yake da 'yan asalin ƙasar. Ƙasa tana da albarka kuma akwai isasshen ruwa mai kyau. Tsaunuka biyu masu tsayi sun samar da wuraren tsaro. Jim kaɗan bayan isowarsu, Valdivia ta yi ƙoƙarin shawo kan 'yan asalin ƙasar game da kyawawan manufofinsa, tana aika wakilai ɗauke da kyaututtuka don tsaunukan .
'Yan asalin ƙasar sun riƙe kyaututtukan amma, tare da haɗin kai a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Michimalonco, suka kai hari ga 'yan Spain kuma suka kai musu hari. Ba zato ba tsammani, 'yan asalin ƙasar suka jefar da makamansu suka gudu. 'Yan asalin ƙasar da aka kama sun bayyana cewa sun ga wani mutum, yana kan farin doki yana ɗauke da takobi tsirara, yana saukowa daga gajimare ya kai musu hari. Mutanen Spain sun yanke shawarar cewa bayyanar Santo Iago ce ta mu'ujiza ( Saint James the Greater wanda aka riga aka gani a lokacin Reconquista a yaƙin Clavijo ) kuma, godiya, suka sanya wa sabuwar birni suna Santiago del Nuevo Extremo. An keɓe birnin a hukumance a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 1541.
Rushewar Santiago ta farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A watan Agusta na shekarar 1541, lokacin da aka mamaye Valdivia a bakin teku, Suárez ya gano wani makirci na kwace shi. Bayan an kula da masu makircin, Valdivia ya mayar da hankalinsa ga Indiyawan kuma ya gayyaci 'yan cirani bakwai su hadu da shi don shirya yadda za a kai abinci. Lokacin da Indiyawan suka iso, Valdivia ta sa aka tsare su a matsayin garkuwa don isar da kayan abinci lafiya da kuma tsaron matsugunan da ke wajen. A ranar 9 ga Satumba, Valdivia ta ɗauki mutane arba'in ta bar birnin don dakatar da zanga-zangar Indiyawa kusa da Aconcagua.
Da sanyin safiyar ranar 10 ga Satumba, 1541, wata matashiya tanakuna ta sanar da Kyaftin Alonso de Monroy, wanda aka bar shi a matsayin mai kula da birnin, cewa dazuzzukan da ke kewaye da birnin sun cika da 'yan asalin ƙasar. An tambayi Suárez ko ta yi tunanin ya kamata a saki mutanen da aka yi garkuwa da su na Indiya a matsayin wata alama ta zaman lafiya. Ta amsa cewa ta ga hakan a matsayin mummunan ra'ayi; idan Indiyawa suka fi ƙarfin Spain, waɗanda aka yi garkuwa da su za su ba da ikon yin ciniki kawai. Monroy ya karɓi shawararta kuma ya yi kira da a kafa majalisar yaƙi.
Kafin wayewar gari a ranar 11 ga Satumba, 'yan Spain da ke kan dawaki sun fita don fafatawa da 'yan Indiya, waɗanda aka kiyasta adadinsu da farko a 8,000 daga baya kuma a 20,000, kuma Michimalonco ne ya jagorance su. Duk da fa'idar dawakansu da ƙwarewarsu da takubbansu, da tsakar rana aka tura 'yan Spain zuwa gabas, a ketare Kogin Mapocho ; kuma, da tsakar rana, aka mayar da su filin da kansa.
Duk tsawon yini yaƙin ya yi zafi. Kibiyoyi da tocila sun kunna wuta a mafi yawan birnin; an kashe 'yan Spain huɗu tare da dawakai da sauran dabbobi da dama. Lamarin ya yi muni. Firist, Rodrigo González Marmolejo, ya ce daga baya yaƙin kamar Ranar Alƙawari ne ga 'yan Spain kuma cewa mu'ujiza ce kawai ta cece su.
Duk tsawon yini Suárez tana kai abinci da ruwa ga mayaƙan, tana kula da waɗanda suka ji rauni, tana ba su ƙarfafa gwiwa da ta'aziyya. Masanin tarihi Mariño de Lobera ya rubuta game da ayyukanta a lokacin yaƙin: