Inaros na II
 Inaros na II | |||
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| Rayuwa | |||
| Haihuwa | 1 millennium "BCE" | ||
| ƙasa | Tsohuwar Masar | ||
| Mutuwa | Susa (en)  , 5 century "BCE" | ||
| Yanayin mutuwa | hukuncin kisa | ||
| Ƴan uwa | |||
| Mahaifi | Psammetichus IV | ||
| Sana'a | |||
| Sana'a | sarki | ||
Inaros (II), wanda aka fi sani da Inarus, (a c. 460 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa) wani shugaban 'yan tawaye ne na Masar wanda ɗan wani yarima ne na Masar mai suna Psamtik, wanda ake kyautata zaton ya fito daga tsohuwar zuriyar Saite, kuma jikan Psamtik na III . A shekara ta 460 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, ya yi wa Farisa tawaye tare da taimakon abokansa na Atheniya a ƙarƙashin Admiral Charitimides, kuma ya kayar da rundunar Farisa da satrap Achaemenes ke jagoranta. Farisawa suka koma Memphis, amma sojojin Farisa karkashin jagorancin Megabyzus, satrap na Siriya, da Artabazus, satrap na Phrygia, sun sha kashi a hannun Atheniyawa a shekara ta 454 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, bayan an yi musu kawanya na shekaru biyu. An kama Inaros aka tafi da shi Susa inda aka ce an gicciye shi a shekara ta 454 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa.
Tawaye da sakamakonsa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ya mallaki sarauta a kan 'yan Libya daga Mareia (sama da Pharos ) da kuma ɓangaren Kogin Nilu da ke kewaye da Sais . Tare da taimakon Amyrtaeus, shi ma daga Sais, wanda ya mamaye dazuzzukan arewa, Inarus ya kori masu karɓar haraji yayin da yake tattara sojojin haya. Waɗannan ayyukan sun fara tayar da zaune tsaye a Masar a farkon mulkin Sarki Artaxerxes na ɗaya na Farisa, bayan kisan gillar sarki Xerxes na ɗaya . Abokan Atheniya waɗanda aka biya shi kuɗin gwaji 100 daga gare su, sun aika da sojoji da runduna sama da jiragen ruwa 200 waɗanda Charitimides ya jagoranta don taimaka masa a shekara ta 460 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa.
Yaƙin Papremis (460 BC)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Diodorus ya gaya mana cewa da zarar mutanen Athens suka iso, su da Masarawa sun karɓi yaƙi daga Farisawa. Rundunar 'yan tawaye ta fuskanci rundunar sojojin Farisa mai sojoji kusan 400,000 da jiragen ruwa tamanin waɗanda ɗan'uwan Artaxerxes, satrap Achaemenes, ke jagoranta. Da farko, yawan mutanen Farisawa ya ba su fa'ida, amma daga ƙarshe mutanen Athens sun karya layin Farisa, inda aka fatattaki sojojin Farisa suka gudu. Duk da haka, wani ɓangare na sojojin Farisa sun sami mafaka a sansanin Memphis (wanda ake kira 'Fair Castle') kuma ba za a iya korarsu ba. Sigar da Thucydides ya yi ta matsawa ita ce: "kuma suka mallaki kogin da kashi biyu bisa uku na Memphis, suka yi magana da kansu ga harin da ya rage na uku, wanda ake kira White Castle". An kayar da sarkin Achaemenes, tare da mutum 100,000 daga cikin mutanensa 400,000 kuma aka kashe su a Papremis kuma Farisawa suka koma Memphis . Kwamandojin rundunar jiragen ruwan Atheniya, Charitimides da Cimon sun yi yaƙin ruwa da Farisawa, inda jiragen ruwan Girka arba'in suka yi karo da jiragen ruwan Farisa hamsin, daga cikinsu aka kama jiragen ruwan Farisa ashirin tare da ma'aikatan jirgin, sauran talatin kuma suka nutse. Domin nuna cewa nasararsu ta cika, 'yan tawayen sun aika da gawar satrap Achaemenes ga sarki Artaxerxes na Farisa a matsayin gargaɗi.
Yaƙi da Memphis (459-455 BC)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Saboda haka mutanen Athens da Masarawa suka zauna don kewaye Fadar White Castle. A bayyane yake cewa wannan katangar ba ta ci gaba da kyau ba, kuma wataƙila ta ɗauki akalla shekaru huɗu, tunda Thucydides ya ce duk tafiyarsu ta ɗauki shekaru 6, kuma a wannan lokacin watanni 18 na ƙarshe sun kasance tare da Kawancen Prosoptis.
A cewar Thucydides, da farko Artaxerxes ya aika Megabazus don ya yi ƙoƙarin ba Spartans cin hanci don su mamaye Attica, don su jawo sojojin Atheniya daga Masar. Lokacin da wannan ya gaza, maimakon haka ya tattara sojoji da yawa a ƙarƙashin (wanda ya rikice) Megabyzus, ya aika da shi zuwa Masar. Diodorus yana da labarin iri ɗaya, tare da ƙarin bayani; bayan yunƙurin cin hanci ya gaza, Artaxerxes ya sanya Megabyzus da Artabazus a kan kula da mutane 300,000, tare da umarnin dakatar da tawayen. Da farko sun tafi daga Farisa zuwa Cilicia suka tattara rundunar sojoji 300 daga Cilicians, Phoenicians da Cyprus, kuma suka yi shekara guda suna horar da mutanensu. Daga ƙarshe suka nufi Masar. Duk da haka, kiyasin zamani ya sanya adadin sojojin Farisa a ƙasa da adadin maza 25,000 ganin cewa da ba zai yiwu ba a hana satrapies ɗin da suka riga suka yi tsauri daga wani iko fiye da haka. Thucydides bai ambaci Artabazus ba, wanda Herodotus ya ruwaito cewa ya shiga cikin mamayar Farisa ta biyu; Diodorus yana iya yin kuskure game da kasancewarsa a wannan yakin. A bayyane yake cewa sojojin Farisa sun shafe lokaci mai tsawo suna horo, tunda ya ɗauki shekaru huɗu kafin su mayar da martani ga nasarar Masar a Papremis. Ko da yake babu ɗaya daga cikin marubucin da ya ba da cikakkun bayanai, a bayyane yake cewa lokacin da Megabyzus ya isa Masar, ya sami damar ɗaga Kawancen Memphis cikin sauri, ya kayar da Masarawa a yaƙi, sannan ya kori mutanen Athens daga Memphis. [1]
Kawancen Prosopitis (455 BC)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yanzu mutanen Athens sun koma tsibirin Prosopitis a yankin Nilu, inda jiragen ruwansu suka tsaya cak. A can, Megabyzus ya kewaye su na tsawon watanni 18, har sai da ya sami damar zubar da kogin daga kewayen tsibirin ta hanyar haƙa magudanan ruwa, ta haka ne "ya haɗa tsibirin da babban yankin". [1] A cikin labarin Thucydides, Farisawa suka ketare zuwa tsohuwar tsibirin, suka kama ta. [1] Kaɗan daga cikin sojojin Atheniya ne kawai, waɗanda suka yi tafiya ta Libya zuwa Cyrene suka tsira suka koma Athens. A cikin sigar Diodorus, duk da haka, zubar da kogin ya sa Masarawa (waɗanda Thucydides bai ambata ba) suka koma ga Farisawa. Farisawa, ba sa son su sami mummunan rauni wajen kai hari ga Athens, maimakon haka suka bar su su tafi Cyrene cikin 'yanci, daga nan suka koma Athens. [2] Tunda shan kaye a yaƙin neman zaɓen Masar ya haifar da firgici a Athens, gami da mayar da baitulmalin Delian zuwa Athens, sigar Thucydides wataƙila ta fi dacewa ta zama daidai.
Yaƙin Mendesium
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A matsayin wani mummunan lamari na ƙarshe ga wannan bala'i, Thucydides ya ambaci makomar rundunar sojoji mai triremes hamsin da aka aika don rage yaƙin Prosopitis. Ba tare da sanin cewa mutanen Athens sun mutu ba, jiragen ruwan sun isa bakin kogin Mendesian, inda nan take sojojin ruwan Phoenicians suka kai musu hari daga ƙasa, kuma daga teku. Yawancin jiragen ruwan sun lalace, kaɗan ne kawai suka tsira suka koma Athens. Jimillar waɗanda suka mutu a bala'in Atheniya ya kai kimanin mutane 50,000 da jiragen ruwa 250.
Aiwatarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Megabyzus ya yi wa Inaros da 'yan tawayensa Helenawa alƙawarin cewa ba za a kashe su ba da zarar sun isa Susa, babban birnin Farisa. Sarauniya Uwar Amestris tana son a hukunta su a kashe su domin su ne suka kashe ɗanta, satrap Achaemenes, kuma ta nemi a kashe shi. Da farko Artaxerxes na ɗaya ya ƙi buƙatun Amestris kuma ya cika alƙawarin da Megabyzus ya yi, yana ba su damar zama a Susa a matsayin fursunonin yaƙi. Amma bayan shekaru biyar na roƙo, tare da Amestris ta ci gaba da tsayawa tsayin daka, Girkawa suka kai hari kan Farisa a Yaƙin Cyprus da Artaxerxes suna buƙatar tallafi kuma ba sa son rasa gadon sarautar Farisa ko ta yaya, ya miƙa Inaros da Helenawa hamsin ga Sarauniya Uwar.
Akwai nau'i biyu na mutuwarsa. A cewar na farko an gicciye shi, kuma a cewar ɗayan, an rataye shi . Wani guntu na Ctesias wanda Photios na I na Constantinople ya adana ya ba da rahoton cewa "An kashe Inaros a kan ginshiƙai uku, hamsin daga cikin Helenawa, duk abin da ta iya ɗora hannu a kai, an yanke musu kai." Kalmar Helenanci anestaurothe, wacce aka yi amfani da ita don bayyana da kuma sanya suna ga hanyar kisansa a cikin rubutun na iya nufin rataye shi ko gicciye shi a kan gicciye ɗaya, ko gicciye shi a kan gicciye na gaskiya, amma babu isassun shaida da bayanai a cikin bayanan tarihi don ba da amsa tabbatacciyar.