Ingantaccen tushen ruwa
 Ingantaccen tushen ruwa | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Ma'adanai na ruwa |
Has characteristic (en)  |
artificiality (en) |
ingantaccen tushen Ruwa (ko tushen ruwan sha ko kuma samar da ruwa) kalma ce da aka yi amfani da ita domin rarraba wasu nau'ikan ko matakan samar da ruwa domin dalilai na saka idanu. An bayyana shi azaman nau'in tushen ruwa wanda, ta hanyar yanayin gininsa ko ta hanyar shiga tsakani, mai yiwuwa za a kare shi daga gurɓataccen waje, musamman daga gurɓatawa da kwayoyin.[1]
Shirin Kulawa na hadin gwiwa (JMP) ne ya kirkiro wannan kalmar don samar da ruwa da tsabtace jiki na UNICEF da WHO a cikin 2002 don taimakawa wajen saka idanu kan ci gaba zuwa ga Manufar Lamba 7 na Manufofin Ci Gaban Millennium (MDGs). Sabanin "maɓallin ruwa mai inganci" an kira shi "maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mara inganci" a cikin ma'anar JMP.
Ana amfani da waɗannan sharuɗɗa don saka idanu kan ci gaba zuwa ga Manufar Ci Gaban Ci gaba mai dorewa 6 (Manufar 6.1, Mai nuna 6.1.1) daga 2015 zuwa gaba.[2] A nan, suna da wani bangare na ma'anar "aikin ruwan sha mai aminci".
Ma'anar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A lokacin SDG (2015 zuwa 2030)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Alamar 6.1.1 na SDG 6 ita ce "Rashin yawan jama'a ta amfani da ayyukan ruwan sha mai sarrafawa". An bayyana kalmar "ma'aikatan ruwan sha masu aminci" kamar haka: "Ruwa mai sha daga ingantaccen tushen ruwa wanda ke kan gidaje, yana samuwa lokacin da ake buƙata kuma ba tare da gurɓataccen sinadarai ba".[2]
A cikin 2017, JMP ta bayyana sabon lokaci: "aikin ruwa na asali". An bayyana wannan a matsayin ruwan sha da ke fitowa daga ingantaccen tushe, kuma idan lokacin tattarawa bai wuce minti 30 ba don tafiya ta zagaye. Wani matakin sabis na ƙasa yanzu ana kiransa "ma'aikatar sabis na ruwa" wanda yake daidai da sabis na asali amma lokacin tattarawa ya fi minti 30.[2]
An bayyana matakan sabis kamar yadda (daga mafi ƙasƙanci zuwa mafi girma): Ruwan sama, wanda ba a inganta shi ba, iyakance, asali, sarrafawa lafiya.[2]
| JMP Matakala ta ruwa mai sha | |
|---|---|
| Ana Gudanar da shi cikin aminci | |
| Abubuwan da suka dace | |
| Ƙayyadadden | |
| Ba a inganta shi ba | |
| Ruwa na sama | |
| tushe | |
A lokacin MDG (2000 har zuwa 2015)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Don ba da damar kwatankwacin kasa da kasa na kimantawa don saka idanu kan Manufofin Ci gaban Millennium (MDGs), Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya / Shirin Kula da Harkokin Lafiya na UNICEF (JMP) don Sayar da Ruwa da Tsabtace-tsabtace ya bayyana " ingantaccen" hanyoyin ruwa kamar haka:
- Ruwa mai bututu zuwa gidaje [3]
- Ruwa mai bututu a cikin yadi / shirin [3]
- Tushen jama'a / bututu[3]
- Tubewell /boreholes [3]
- Rijiyoyin da aka haƙa da kariya [3]
- maɓuɓɓugar ruwa masu kariya (yawanci wani ɓangare na wadatar bazara) [3]
- Tarin ruwan sama [3]
- Ruwan kwalba, idan an inganta tushen na biyu da gida ke amfani da shi don dafa abinci da tsabtace mutum [3]
Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa waɗanda ba a ɗauka a matsayin "mahimmanci" sune:
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Hakkin ɗan adam ga ruwa da tsabta
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "WHO / UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation". JMP website, WHO - UNICEF. Geneva, New York. June 10, 2012. Archived from the original on 6 June 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 "Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene. 2017 update and SDG baselines". Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2017. p. 8. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "Improved and unimproved water sources and sanitation facilities". JMP website, WHO - UNICEF. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved June 10, 2012. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content