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Internship placement for health professionals in Nigeria

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Editing Internship placement for health professionals in Najeriya [1] [2] yana nufin wajibi ne, kuma tsari ne na musamman na koyon aiki a karkashin kulawa bayan kammala karatun ilimin lafiya na jami’a ko na ƙwararru. Wannan mataki yana zama gadar haɗi tsakanin koyarwar ilimi da yin aiki kai tsaye a fannin lafiya. Ba wai doka da majalisun ƙwararru kawai ke wajabta shi ba, har ma ana buƙatarsa kafin a samu cikakken lasisi da rajista a fannoni daban-daban na kiwon lafiya[3]

A Najeriya, horo na horarwa yana da niyyar karfa ilimin ka'idoji da ƙwarewar da aka samu a lokacin ilimin jami'a ko kwaleji tare da hannu, ƙwarewar aiki a cikin saitunan kiwon lafiya na duniya.[4] Yana tabbatar da cewa masu digiri suna nuna ƙwarewar asibiti, ka'idojin ƙwararru, da kuma ikon yin aiki a cikin ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya masu yawa kafin a ba su damar yin aiki da kansu.

Ayyukan horon aiki (internship) ana gudanar da su ne a cibiyoyi da hukumomin da suka dace suka amince da su. Wannan ya haɗa da asibitocin koyarwa, cibiyoyin lafiya na tarayya, asibitocin ƙwararru, da kuma a wasu lokuta, asibitocin masu zaman kansu da ke da cikakkun kayan aiki. Tsawon lokacin horon aiki yana bambanta bisa ga sana’a, amma yawanci yana ɗaukar watanni 12.[5]

Tarihi

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Tsarin kiwon lafiya a Najeriya, kamar mutane da yawa a Kudancin Duniya, ya dogara sosai ga ma'aikatan da aka horar da su sosai, an kula da su sosai. Tsarin sanyawa na horarwa ya fito ne a matsayin babban bangare na ci gaban ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya don mayar da martani ga buƙatar daidaitawa a cikin horar da kwararru da tabbatar da ayyukan asibiti masu aminci.[6]

A tarihi, aikin likita da na kiwon lafiya a Najeriya ba su da tsari kuma sau da yawa sun bambanta a fadin yankuna da cibiyoyi. Koyaya, yayin da buƙatar kulawa mai inganci ta karu, haka kuma buƙatar sake fasalin yadda aka shigar da sabbin masu digiri a cikin tsarin. A tsawon lokaci, kafa majalisun masu tsarawa na kwararru kamar su Majalisar Likitoci da Dental ta Najeriya (MDCN), Majalisar Nursing da Midwifery ta Najeriya (NMCN) , da Majalisar Pharmacy ta Najeriya (PCN) sun haifar da tsarawa da tsara horo.

Kowace sana'ar kiwon lafiya yanzu tana da tsarin karatu ko tsarin horo. Wadannan sun hada da juyawa ta hanyar manyan sassan, kula da haƙuri, takardu, shiga cikin tarurrukan asibiti, da kimantawa na lokaci-lokaci ta manyan masu sana'a. Misali:

  • Ana buƙatar likitocin kiwon lafiya su juya ta hanyar sassan kamar su magani na ciki, tiyata, ilimin yara, da obstetrics & gynecology.[7]
  • Dole ne likitocin su yi juyawa a kantin magani na asibiti, kantin magani, da aikin al'umma.
  • Masana kimiyya na dakin gwaje-gwaje na kiwon lafiya suna samun gogewa a cikin microbiology, hematology, chemistry pathology, da histopathology.

Har ila yau, tsarin horarwa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen magance gibin bayar da kiwon lafiya, musamman a yankunan da ba su da wadata a Najeriya. Interns, ko da yake har yanzu a karkashin kulawa, sau da yawa suna aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci na ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya.[8]

Duk da muhimmancinsa, tsarin sanyawa a Najeriya yana fuskantar kalubale kamar wuce gona da iri, cibiyoyin sanyawa marasa isasshen, batutuwan da suka shafi dabaru, da rahotanni na son kai da cin hanci da rashawa. Wadannan batutuwan sun haifar da kira ga sauye-sauye na tsarin, gami da tashoshin sanya dijital, kara kudade, da rarraba cibiyoyin horo a duk faɗin ƙasar.

Tsarin sanyawa

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Matsayi na Internship yawanci yana biye da kammala gwaje-gwaje na ƙwararru na ƙarshe da kuma kyautar digiri na cancanta (misali, MBBS, B.Pharm, BMLS).[9] Tsarin ya hada da:

  1. Aikace-aikacen zuwa asibitoci masu cancanta: Masu kammala karatun suna gabatar da aikace-aikace ga cibiyoyin da majalisun kwararru suka amince da su.
  2. Zaɓuɓɓuka da gayyata: Dangane da cancanta, ramuka masu samuwa, da ka'idojin ma'aikata, ana sanya 'yan takara kuma an gayyace su don ganawa ko sanyawa kai tsaye.
  3. Bayar da lasisi na wucin gadi: Hukumomin da ke kula da su suna ba da lasisi ya wucin rai wanda ke ba da damar mai digiri ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin kulawa a lokacin horarwa.
  4. Farawar horo: Interns suna juyawa ta hanyar sassan daban-daban a karkashin kulawa.
  5. Bincike da takaddun shaida: A ƙarshen horarwa, ana kimanta masu horarwa kuma, idan sun ci nasara, ana ba da takaddar shaida na kammalawa don cikakken rajista.

Ƙalubalen

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Tsarin shigar da horo a Najeriya sau da yawa yana cike da ƙalubale da yawa:

  • Ƙayyadaddun ramuka: Sau da yawa akwai rashin daidaituwa tsakanin yawan masu karatun digiri da kuma wuraren horarwa.
  • Rashin daidaito na ƙasa: Wasu yankuna suna da cibiyoyin da aka amince da su, suna tilasta wa masu karatun su sake komawa.
  • jinkirin sanyawa: Wasu masu digiri suna fuskantar dogon lokaci kafin samun sanyawa.
  • Cin hanci da rashawa da son zuciya: Zarge-zargen nepotism, cin hanci, da son zuciya a cikin tsarin zaɓe sun zama ruwan dare.
  • Rashin biyan kuɗi: Wasu ma'aikata suna fuskantar biyan kuɗi na baya ko rashin biyan kuɗi.
  • Yanayin aiki mara kyau: Interns wani lokacin suna aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba shi da kyau tare da iyakantaccen kulawa da ababen more rayuwa.[10]

Kula da tsari

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Kowace kwararru tana kula da horar da horarwar horarwa ta hanyar amincewa da cibiyoyin, tsara ka'idojin horar da su, da kimantawa ga masu horar da ma'aikata. Wasu daga cikin manyan hukumomin da ke kula da su sun hada da:

  • Majalisar Likita da Lantarki ta Najeriya (MDCN) [11]
  • Majalisar Nursing da Midwifery ta Najeriya (NMCN)
  • Majalisar likitocin Najeriya (PCN) [12][13]
  • Majalisar Kimiyya ta Laboratory ta Kiwon Lafiya ta Najeriya (MLSCN) [14]

Wadannan majalisun suna buga jerin sunayen cibiyoyin da aka amince da su kuma suna sa ido kan bin jagororin horarwa.

Abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan

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  • A cikin 2020, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Tarayya da MDCN sun gabatar da gyare-gyare don sauƙaƙe tsarin aikawa ga masu aikin likita.[15]
  • Akwai kira mai girma don Tsarin shigar da horo na tsakiya, mai kama da tsarin Sabis na Matasa na Kasa (NYSC).[16]
  • Kungiyar Likitocin Mazauna Najeriya (NARD) da sauran kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya sun yi kira ga gwamnati akai-akai da ta kara kudade da nuna gaskiya a cikin tsarin horarwa.

Dubi kuma

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Bayanan da aka ambata

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  1. ↑ "Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention". ncdc.gov.ng. Retrieved 2025-04-07.
  2. ↑ "Healthcare Professionals | Volunteering and Internships". Health For Nigeria (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2024-07-19. Retrieved 2025-04-07.
  3. ↑ Giguère, Anik; Zomahoun, Hervé Tchala Vignon; Carmichael, Pierre-Hugues; Uwizeye, Claude Bernard; Légaré, France; Grimshaw, Jeremy M.; Gagnon, Marie-Pierre; Auguste, David U.; Massougbodji, José (2020-07-31). "Printed educational materials: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 (8). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004398.pub4. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 8475791 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32748975.
  4. ↑ Adeosun, Oluyemi Theophilus; Shittu, Ayodele Ibrahim; Owolabi, Temitope J. (2022). "University internship systems and preparation of young people for world of work in the 4th industrial revolution". Rajagiri Management Journal. 16 (2): 164–179. doi:10.1108/ramj-01-2021-0005.
  5. ↑ "Approved Institutions for MLS Internship – Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria" (in Turanci). 2025-03-29. Archived from the original on 2025-04-08. Retrieved 2025-04-07.
  6. ↑ Adeloye, Davies; David, Rotimi Adedeji; Olaogun, Adenike Ayobola; Auta, Asa; Adesokan, Adedapo; Gadanya, Muktar; Opele, Jacob Kehinde; Owagbemi, Oluwafemi; Iseolorunkanmi, Alexander (2017-05-12). "Health workforce and governance: the crisis in Nigeria". Human Resources for Health. 15 (1): 32. doi:10.1186/s12960-017-0205-4. ISSN 1478-4491. PMC 5427605. PMID 28494782.
  7. ↑ "What Are Clinical Rotations? Medical School Clerkships Explained". Med School Insiders (in Turanci). 2023-01-04. Retrieved 2025-04-07.
  8. ↑ https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=12099&context=dissertations
  9. ↑ Osoba, Moyosoore; Usman, Shamsudeen; Oyadiran, Oluwafemi; Odeyemi, Joseph; Abode, Michelle; Usman, Olamide; Olulaja, Olufemi; Ajidahun, Olusina; Iii, Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno (2021-09-16). "Undergraduate medical education in Nigeria: current standard and the need for advancement". The Pan African Medical Journal (in English). 40 (40): 40. doi:10.11604/pamj.2021.40.40.30542. ISSN 1937-8688. PMC 8571926 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 34795821 Check |pmid= value (help).CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  10. ↑ Ayeni, Victor (2025-02-21). "Tales of frustrated Nigerian medical graduates extorted for internship slots". Punch Newspapers (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-04-07.
  11. ↑ "MEDICAL AND DENTAL COUNCIL OF NIGERIA". www.mdcn.gov.ng. Retrieved 2025-04-07.
  12. ↑ "Home". Pharmacy Council of Nigeria (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-04-07.
  13. ↑ "Pharmacy Council of Nigeria | Profile and Contact Info". Profiles® (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2025-04-07. Retrieved 2025-04-07.
  14. ↑ "Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria – …Labs save lives" (in Turanci). 2025-02-21. Retrieved 2025-04-07.
  15. ↑ Abubakar, Ibrahim; Dalglish, Sarah L.; Angell, Blake; Sanuade, Olutobi; Abimbola, Seye; Adamu, Aishatu Lawal; Adetifa, Ifedayo M. O.; Colbourn, Tim; Ogunlesi, Afolabi Olaniyi; Onwujekwe, Obinna; Owoaje, Eme T.; Okeke, Iruka N.; Adeyemo, Adebowale; Aliyu, Gambo; Aliyu, Muktar H. (2022-03-19). "The Lancet Nigeria Commission: investing in health and the future of the nation". Lancet. 399 (10330): 1155–1200. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02488-0. ISSN 1474-547X. PMC 8943278 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 35303470 Check |pmid= value (help).
  16. ↑ Nwachukwu, Chibuike Emmanuel; Olufunmilayo, Edward Oluwatobi; Chiroma, Gideon Bulus; Okoye, Chukwuebuka Francis (2023-03-15). "Perception of National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) among corps medical doctors in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study". BMC Medical Education. 23 (1): 162. doi:10.1186/s12909-023-04135-1. ISSN 1472-6920. PMC 10018959 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 36922835 Check |pmid= value (help).
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