Istishab
 Istishab | |
|---|---|
Islamic term (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
sources of sharia (en) |
Istiṣḥāb kalma ce ta Musulunci da ake amfani da ita a cikin fikihu don nuna ka’idar zato na ci gaba.[1] An samo shi daga kalmar larabci suhbah ma’ana rakiya.[2] Yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman ka'idodin cirewar shari'a wanda ke ɗaukan ci gaban gaskiya. Ya dogara ne akan yuwuwar kuma ana iya amfani dashi idan babu wasu hujjoji.[3]
Istishab, wani shiri na ash-Shafii,[4] shine ka'idar tunani na cire mafita ta doka wanda ba a la'akari da canje-canje su faru ba har sai alamun waɗannan canje-canje sun bayyana. Yana aiki a matsayin tushen hukunce-hukuncen shari'a da yawa kamar zaton rashin laifi - ana ɗaukar mutumin ba shi da laifi sai dai idan an tabbatar da laifi. Malik ibn Anas da ash-Shafii sun dauki shi a matsayin hujja har sai an saba da shi.[5] Yawancin lauyoyi na gargajiya sun bambanta game da wannan ka'ida tare da wasu lauyoyin Hanafi da suka ki la'akari da shi a matsayin shaida.[6][7] Yanzu masana na zamani suna amfani da shi sosai.[8][9]
Ma'ana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ibn al-Qayyim ya bayyana shi a matsayin [10]
Ci gaba da abin da aka kafa ko watsi da abin da ba ya wanzu, watau shi ne hukunci, korau ko tabbatacce, yana ci gaba har sai an sami shaidar sauyin yanayi. Ba a tabbatar da wannan ci gaba da tabbataccen shaida ba, amma ta rashin kasancewar sabbin shaida.
Al-Qarafi ya bayyana shi a matsayin ingancin tsohuwar jihar a cikin kalmomi masu zuwa.
Istishab yana nufin imani cewa abin da ya gabata ko na yanzu dole ne a ɗauka ya wanzu kamar yadda yake a yanzu ko nan gaba.
Nau'o'in
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Istishab ya kasu kashi da yawa. Yawancin malamai sun yarda da nau'o'i uku.[11]
Tsinkaya na asali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rashin kowane ka'idojin Shari'a ne a kan babban Musulmi, har sai an kafa halattacciyarsu. Misali shine rashin Addu'a ta shida ga Musulmi, zaton mutumin ba shi da laifi, da dai sauransu. Masana tauhidin Islama sun yarda tare da ingancin wannan nau'in.[12]
Tushen rayuwar yau da kullun shine izini
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mafi yawan lauyoyi sun yi imanin cewa tushen abubuwa masu amfani na yau da kullun shine izini kuma a cikin abubuwa masu cutarwa shine haramtacciya. Misali, ana ba da izinin wani nau'in abinci har sai an kafa gardamar Shari'a, wanda ke tabbatar da haramtacciyar haramtacciyarsa.
Tsinkaya na wanzuwar kafin a sami shaidar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Idan akwai matani na Sharia dangane da kowane al'ada, wanda Istishab ya goyi bayan, to ba za a karɓi maganganu game da kawar da wannan doka ba har sai an goyi bayan su da shaidu. Misali shine ci gaba da mallakar haƙƙin mallaka. Ba za a karɓi aikace-aikacen dakatar da dukiya ba har sai an gabatar da shaidar da ke tallafawa waɗannan maganganun. Wani misali shine ingancin wankewa, wanda ba zai zama mara inganci ba bisa ga shakku kawai.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Istishab - Oxford Islamic Studies Online". www.oxfordislamicstudies.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on August 2, 2015. Retrieved 2017-11-30.
Islamic legal term for the presumption of continuity, where a situation existing previously is presumed to be continuing at present until the contrary is proven.
- ↑ Team, Almaany. "ترجمة و معنى استصحاب في قاموس عربي انجليزي" [Meaning of Istishab in English Arabic Almaany Dictionary]. www.almaany.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2017-11-30.
- ↑ Ahmad, Abu Umar Faruq (2010). Theory and Practice of Modern Islamic Finance: The Case Analysis from Australia (in Turanci). Universal-Publishers. ISBN 9781599425177.
- ↑ Sookhdeo, Patrick (2014-06-30). Understanding Islamic Theology (in Turanci). BookBaby. ISBN 9780989290548.
- ↑ Baamir, Abdulrahman Yahya (2016-04-01). Shari'a Law in Commercial and Banking Arbitration: Law and Practice in Saudi Arabia (in Turanci). Routledge. ISBN 9781317055624.
- ↑ al-Ḥasan., Muḥammadī, Abū (2002). Mabānī-i istinbāṭ-i ḥuqūq-i Islāmī, yā, Uṣūl-i fiqh (Chāp-i 14 ed.). Tihrān: Muʼassasah-ʼi Intishārāt va Chāp-i Dānishgāh-i Tihrān. ISBN 9640340766. OCLC 54049210.
- ↑ al-Ḥillī, al-ʿAllāmah (2016-11-10). Foundations of Jurisprudence - An Introduction to Imāmī Shīʿī Legal Theory: Mabādiʾ al-wuṣūl ilā ʿilm al-uṣūl (in Turanci). BRILL. ISBN 9789004311770.
- ↑ Kamali, Mohammad Hashim (2008-03-17). Shari'ah Law: An Introduction (in Turanci). Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780740379.
- ↑ "Al Qawaaid al Fiqhiyyah - Shakeel Mahate". www.smahate.com. Retrieved 2017-11-30.
- ↑ "The Eighth Principle: The Principle of Istishab (Presumption of Continuity)". www.iium.edu.my. Retrieved 2017-11-30.
- ↑ Gleave, Robert (2000). Inevitable Doubt: Two Theories of Shīʻī Jurisprudence (in Turanci). BRILL. ISBN 9004115951.
- ↑ al-Ḥillī, al-ʿAllāmah (2016-11-10). Foundations of Jurisprudence - An Introduction to Imāmī Shīʿī Legal Theory: Mabādiʾ al-wuṣūl ilā ʿilm al-uṣūl (in Turanci). BRILL. ISBN 9789004311770.