Itacen Juniper (labari)
| Itacen Juniper (labari) | |
|---|---|
_plate_facing_p186.png) | |
| Asali | |
| Mahalicci |
Philipp Otto Runge (mul)  |
| Mawallafi |
Brothers Grimm (en) , Jacob Grimm (mul) da Wilhelm Grimm (mul) |
| Lokacin bugawa | 1812 |
| Asalin suna | Vom Machandelbaum, The Juniper Tree da Satu omena-puusta |
| Characteristics | |
| Genre (en) |
folklore (en) da fairy tale (en) |
| Harshe | Jamusanci |
| Itacen Juniper (labari) | |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Asali | |
| Mahalicci |
Philipp Otto Runge (mul) |
| Mawallafi |
Brothers Grimm (en) , Jacob Grimm (mul) da Wilhelm Grimm (mul) |
| Lokacin bugawa | 1812 |
| Asalin suna | Vom Machandelbaum, The Juniper Tree da Satu omena-puusta |
| Characteristics | |
| Genre (en) |
folklore (en) da fairy tale (en) |
| Harshe | Jamusanci |
"The Juniper Tree" (also "The Almond Tree"; Low German: Von dem Machandelboom) is a German fairy tale published in Low German by the Brothers Grimm in Grimm's Fairy Tales in 1812 (KHM 47).[1] The story contains themes of child abuse, murder, cannibalism and biblical symbolism and is one of the Brothers Grimm's darker and more mature fairy tales.
Labarin na Aarne-Thompson ne nau'in 720 ("The Juniper Tree"). Wani irin wannan labari shine Turanci "The Rose-Tree", kodayake yana juyar da jinsi daga "The Juniper Tree"; "The Juniper Tree" ya bi tsarin da ya fi dacewa na samun yaron da ya mutu ya zama yaro.[2]
Asalin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]'Yan uwan Grimm ne suka buga labarin a cikin bugu na farko na Kinder- und Hausmärchen a cikin 1812. Wani nau'i daban-daban ya bayyana a 'yan watanni da suka gabata Johann Gustav Büsching's Volks-Sagen, Märchen und Legenden (1812).
An yi imanin har zuwa farkon shekarun 1870 cewa 'yan uwan Grimm sun sake daidaita labaran baki da tatsuniyoyi daban-daban da aka ji daga manoma da mutanen gari don rubuta sanannun tatsuniyoyin su.[3] Koyaya, masu sukar daban-daban ciki har da Vanessa Joosen suna jayayya cewa wannan zaton ƙarya ne, bisa ga yawan shaidu masu rikitarwa.[3] Mai sukar wallafe-wallafen Walter Scherf ya yi jayayya cewa Grimm Brothers sun yi wahayi zuwa gare su ne daga asalin mai zane Philipp Otto Runge na "The Juniper Tree", wanda aka rubuta a matsayin "The Almond Tree".[4] Grimm Brothers da kansu sun rubuta a cikin ƙarin bayani ga bugu na farko na 1812 na KHM cewa Philipp Otto Runge ne ya ba da rubutun.
Bayani game da shi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ma'aurata masu arziki da ibada suna addu'a kowace rana don Allah ya ba su ɗa. Wata hunturu, a ƙarƙashin itacen juniper a cikin farfajiyar, matar ta cire apple. Ta yanke yatsarta kuma jini ya fadi a kan dusar ƙanƙara. Wannan ya sa ta yi fatan cewa yaro ya zama fari kamar dusar ƙanƙara kuma ja kamar jini. Watanni shida bayan haka, matar ta yi rashin lafiya sosai daga cin 'ya'yan itace kuma ta nemi mijinta ya binne ta a ƙarƙashin itacen juniper idan ta mutu. Wata daya bayan haka, ta haifi jariri mai launin fari kamar dusar ƙanƙara kuma ja kamar jini. Ta mutu ne saboda farin ciki. Da yake kiyaye alkawarinsa, mijin ya binne ta a ƙarƙashin itacen juniper. Daga ƙarshe ya sake yin aure kuma shi da sabuwar matarsa suna da 'yar mai suna Marlinchen (a wasu sassan Marlene, Marjory ko Ann Marie).
Sabuwar matar tana son Marlinchen amma tana raina ɗanta. Tana cin zarafinsa kowace rana, tana mai cewa tana son Marlinchen ya gaji dukiyar mahaifinta maimakon ɗanta. Wata rana bayan makaranta, mahaifiyar mahaifiyarta ta shirya ta yaudari ɗanta a cikin ɗaki mara kyau wanda ke dauke da akwati na apples. Marlinchen ya ga kirji kuma ya nemi apple, wanda mahaifiyar mahaifiyar ta ba da kyauta. Koyaya, lokacin da yaron ya shiga dakin kuma ya kai kirji don apple, mahaifiyar mahaifiyar ta buga murfin a wuyansa, ta yanke masa kai. Mahaifiyar ta ɗaure kansa tare da sauran jikinsa tare da bandeji kuma ta ɗora jikinsa a kan kujera a waje, tare da apple a cinyarsa. Marlinchen, ba tare da sanin halin da ake ciki ba, ta nemi dan uwanta don apple. Ba tare da jin amsa ba, mahaifiyarta ta tilasta mata ta yi masa kwallo a kunne, wanda ya sa kansa ya mirgine a ƙasa. Marlinchen yana kuka sosai a duk rana yayin da mahaifiyar mahaifiyar ta kwashe jikin ɗan kuma ta dafa shi cikin "soup-jinin" (Black Puddings Sauer / Suur) don abincin dare. Daga baya ta yaudari mijinta ta hanyar gaya masa cewa ɗansa ya zauna a gidan kawun mahaifiyar. Mijin ba tare da saninsa ba ya cin "soup-jinin" a lokacin abincin dare kuma ya yi shelar cewa yana da daɗi. Marlinchen ya tattara ƙasusuwa daga abincin dare kuma ya binne su a ƙarƙashin itacen juniper tare da takalma.
Ba zato ba tsammani, hazo ya fito daga itacen juniper kuma kyakkyawan tsuntsu ya tashi. Tsuntsu ya ziyarci mutanen garin kuma ya raira waƙa game da kisan gillar da aka yi wa mahaifiyarsa. Da yake sha'awar lullaby, mai yin zinariya, mai yin takalma da mai niƙa sun ba tsuntsu sarkar zinariya, takalma biyu da dutse don dawo da tsuntsu yana raira waƙarsa. Tsuntsu ya koma gida don ya ba da sarkar zinariya ga mijinta yayin da yake ba Marlinchen jan takalma. A halin yanzu, mahaifiyar mahaifiyar ta koka game da "harin wuta a cikin jijiyoyinta", wanda ya bayyana a matsayin ainihin dalilin fushinta da ƙiyayya ga ɗanta. Ta fita waje don samun taimako amma tsuntsu ya jefa dutsen a kansa, ya kashe ta nan take. An kewaye shi da hayaki da harshen wuta, ɗan, wanda ya bayyana shi ne tsuntsu, ya fito ya sake haɗuwa da iyalinsa. Suna yin bikin kuma suna shiga ciki don cin abincin rana, kuma suna rayuwa cikin farin ciki har abada.
Dalilan da ya sa aka yi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Jigogi da yawa, daga cikinsu cin nama, mutuwa, da abinci, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin labarin.
Cin nama
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kamar yadda yake a cikin "Hansel da Gretel", cin nama babban batu ne. Bayan mutuwar babban hali, mahaifiyar (a cikin ƙoƙari na rufe mutuwarsa) a zahiri "ta yanke shi a cikin ɓangarori, ta sanya shi cikin tukunya, kuma ta dafa shi cikin stew". Mijin ya ci stew, yana cewa "wannan abinci yana daɗi" kuma yana tambayar matarsa akai-akai, "har sai ya gama komai".[1]
Haɗuwa tsakanin abinci da mutuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A bayyane yake a ƙarshen labarin cewa abinci yana da alaƙa da mutuwa. A farkon gajeren labarin, matar farko tana yanka apple lokacin da ta yanka yatsunsu kuma "jinin [ya faɗi] cikin dusar ƙanƙara. " Daga baya an kira apple a matsayin mai gabatar da Iblis lokacin da ƙaramin yaro ya dawo gida kuma Iblis a alamance ya sa mahaifiyar ta ce masa, "Ɗana, za ka sami apple?" [5] Za ka iya kallon ɗa a matsayin tushen mutuwa lokacin da aka juya shi cikin stew. A ƙarshe, ana amfani da dutse don kashe mahaifiyar. A millstone ne kayan aiki da aka saba amfani da su don niƙa masara.[6]
Kulawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masu sukar sun ba da shawarar cewa ana amfani da halin mahaifiyar a cikin "The Juniper Tree" don wakiltar ruhun mai kula. Wannan taken kula yana nunawa a cikin sauran labarun Grimm kamar Cinderella, Briar Rose, da Snow White. A cikin dukkan wadannan labarun, akwai wasu abubuwa (yawanci ana wakilta ta hanyar yanayi) wanda ke sa ido bayan babban hali. A game da "Briar Rose", "shinge na briar alama ce ta yanayi da ke kare fure: yarima da ke barci a cikin gidan sarauta".[7]
Bayar da kyauta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Lokacin da ɗa ya zama tsuntsu, sai ya nemi kyaututtuka kamar sarkar zinariya daga mai yin zinariya da takalma ga 'yar'uwarsa. Bugu da kari, ya nemi dutse daga wani rukuni na masu niƙa, wanda ya sauke a kan matarsa wanda ya kai ga mutuwar ta da sauri. Masu sukar suna jayayya cewa yayin da sarkar na iya wakiltar iko (don barin matar), takalma na iya nuna 'yanci.
Waƙar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Waƙar alama ce ta alama saboda ta yi aiki a matsayin tasha don fallasa mutuwar ɗan ba daidai ba. Tsuntsu ya raira wannan waƙa ga mutane daban-daban na gari don samun kyaututtuka da zai ba wa 'yar'uwarsa da mahaifinsa daga baya bayan sun ji tsuntsu ya rera waƙa. Wannan waƙar ta haifar da siffar tsuntsu, wanda a dabi'a ba shi da ikon sadarwa ga mutane.
Waƙar ta tafi kamar haka:
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ashliman, D. L. (2007). "The Juniper Tree". University of Pittsburgh.
- ↑ Maria Tatar, The Annotated Brothers Grimm, p 209 W.W. Norton & Co., London, New York, 2004 ISBN 0-393-05848-4
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Joosen, Vanessa (2010). "Back to Ölenberg: An Intertextual Dialogue between Fairy-Tale Retellings and the Sociohistorical Study of the Grimm Tales". Marvels & Tales. 24 (1): 99–115. doi:10.1353/mat.2010.a384533. JSTOR 41389029.
- ↑ Scherf, Walter (1974). "Family Conflicts and Emancipation in Fairy Tales". Children's Literature. 3: 77–93. doi:10.1353/chl.0.0399. S2CID 143470660.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:0 - ↑ "Definition of millstone in English". Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
- ↑ David, Alfred; David, Mary Elizabeth (1964). "A Literary Approach to the Brothers Grimm". Journal of the Folklore Institute. 1 (3): 180–196. doi:10.2307/3813902. JSTOR 3813902.
Cin zarafin yara shine babban batu da aka nuna ta hanyar mahaifiyar da ke ci gaba da cin zarafin ɗanta kuma a ƙarshe ta kashe shi. Wannan taken, tare da zalunci mai tsanani, jigon maimaitawa ne a cikin ayyukan 'yan uwan Grimm, kamar The Frog Prince da Rapunzel . Mai sukar Jack Zipes ya ba da shawarar cewa taken cin zarafin yara yana haifar da labarin da ya fi dacewa da manya. Wannan ya kauce daga tunanin da aka fi yarda da shi cewa tatsuniyoyi an yi su ne ga yara.[1]
Siffar Iblis
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Shaidan yana bayyana a cikin labarun Grimms da yawa, sau da yawa a cikin "kayan ado daban-daban".[2] Yana ɗaukar sunaye da yawa ciki har da wani abu daga "ƙaramin mutum" zuwa "tsohon akuya".[2] Rashin jin daɗi mai zurfi da kuma tashin hankali game da ɗan stepson yana cikin tunanin cewa tana iya zama reshe na shaidan da kansa. Mahaifiyar da ta miƙa wa ɗan'uwan apple kafin ta kashe shi da zalunci kuma ta yi amfani da rashin laifi na 'yarta don rufe kisan kai tsaye ne ga Jarabawar Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Hauwa'u a cikin Aljanna ta Adnin. Kusan ƙarshen, mahaifiyar mahaifiyar tana fuskantar "ƙone mai fushi" a cikin jijiyoyinta, alama ce ta nauyin zunubanta kuma mai yiwuwa la'ana ranta. Har ma an bayyana shi a wani lokaci a lokacin labarin cewa Iblis (wanda ake kira Mugun a mafi yawan gyare-gyare) ya shiga cikin tunaninta kafin ta lalace.
Addini yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin labarin. Addu'a ga Allah sau da yawa ana danganta shi da tsarki da rashin laifi, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar iyayen yaron da kuma yiwuwar, yaron da kansa da Marlinchen. Yaron da ya sake haifuwa a cikin tsuntsu kuma ya kashe mahaifiyar mahaifiyar da dutse don fansa zai iya zama alama ce ta Ruhu Mai Tsarki, wanda galibi ana nuna shi a matsayin fararen kurciya, yana aiwatar da hukuncin Allah a kan mugaye. Labarin kuma ya faru "shekaru dubu biyu da suka gabata" yana sanya shi sosai a lokutan Littafi Mai-Tsarki. A mafi yawan fassarorin harshen Ingilishi, hanyar dafa abinci / dafa abinci da aka bayyana a cikin rubutun an fassara shi a matsayin "stew" ko kuma a cikin fassarar Margaret Hunt ta 1884 a matsayin "black puddings". Abin da ke da mahimmanci a nan shi ne cewa mahaifin ya dafa jikin da jinin yaron kuma ya cinye shi. Abin da ya ɓace a yawancin fassarorin harshen Ingilishi a cikin kalmar "stew" shi ne cewa ana dafa jinin yaron kuma ana cinye shi. Alamar da ta shafi Eucharist - cin jiki da shan jinin Kristi - sannan ya zama ba tare da kuskure ba.
"A cikin tatsuniyoyi sake zagayowar rayuwar ɗan adam tana da alaƙa da sake zagayolar yanayi. " [3] Musamman an gani a cikin Grimm Brother's "The Juniper Tree", reincarnation yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin labarin. Masu sauraro sun fara ganin sake haifuwa lokacin da matar farko ta nemi a binne ta a ƙarƙashin itacen juniper. Kodayake mahaifiyar ba ta sake dawowa rayuwa ba, ruhunta ya bayyana yana da tasirin allahntaka a kan itacen juniper, wanda ke ba da damar ɗanta ya sake rayuwa, a matsayin tsuntsu kuma a matsayin asalin jikinsa, a ƙarshen labarin.
Daidaitawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin ƙarni, an sake ba da labarin tatsuniyoyin Grimm Brothers kuma an daidaita su da yawa daga tushe. An daidaita labarin:
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- "Buttercup", wani labari ne inda uba ba tare da saninsa ba ya cin stew da aka yi da ragowar ɗansa
- Cin nama na yara
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Zipes, Jack (2000). "The Contamination of the Fairy Tale, or The Changing Nature of the Grimms' Fairy Tales". Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts. 11 (1): 77–93. JSTOR 43308420.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Carsch, Henry (1 January 1968). "The Role of the Devil in Grimms' Tales: An Exploration of the Content and Function of Popular Tales". Social Research. 35 (3): 466–499. JSTOR 40969921.
- ↑ David, Alfred; David, Mary Elizabeth (1964). "A Literary Approach to the Brothers Grimm". Journal of the Folklore Institute. 1 (3): 180–196. doi:10.2307/3813902. JSTOR 3813902.