Ivan Mazepa

Ivan Mazepa
Hetman of Zaporizhian Host (en) 4 ga Augusta, 1687 (Julian) - 6 Nuwamba, 1708 (Julian) ← Ivan Samoilovych (en) - Ivan Skoropadsky (en) → Prince of the Holy Roman Empire (en)
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Mazepintsi (en) , 20 ga Maris, 1639
ƙasa	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (en) Tsardom of Russia (en)
Mutuwa	Bendery (mul) da Varnița (en) , 21 Satumba 1709
Makwanci	Galați (mul)
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi	Adam-Stefan Mazepa
Mahaifiya	Mariya Mazepa
Abokiyar zama	Hanna Polovets II (en)  (1668 -  1702)
Ƴan uwa	view Semen Polovets (en) (wife's father (en) ) Hanna Polevets I (en) (sister-in-law (en) )
Yare	House of Mazepa (en)
Karatu
Makaranta	Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (en)
Harsuna	Rashanci polski (mul) Tatar Harshen Latin Italiyanci Faransanci Jamusanci Harshan Ukraniya Crimean Tatar (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	Mai wanzar da zaman lafiya, ɗan siyasa, military commander (en) da bandurist (en)
Kyaututtuka	gani Order of the White Eagle Order of St. Andrew  (8 ga Faburairu, 1700 (Julian))
Kayan kida	bandura (en)
Digiri	Hetman (mul)
Imani
Addini	Eastern Orthodoxy (en) Eastern Orthodoxy (en)

Ivan Stepanovych Mazepa (30 March  – 2 October) shugaban soja ne na Ukraine, siyasa, da kuma farar hula wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin hetman na Cossack Hetmanate a 1687–1709. Doguwar mulkinsa mai dorewa ta kasance mai cike da farfadowa ta tattalin arziki da siyasa daga Rushewar . Kasancewar shi cikakken memba ne na Rasha a mafi yawan mulkinsa, dangantakar Mazepa da Tsar Peter I ta tabarbare sakamakon gyare-gyaren gudanarwa na ƙarshe, wanda ya ƙara hana Mazepa da Hetmanate ' yancin kansu . A shekara ta 1708, Mazepa ya yi watsi da kawancensa da Peter I ya kuma goyi bayan Charles XII na Sweden bayan da Tsar ya ƙi kare Hetmanate daga ' yan Sweden masu tasowa, maimakon haka ya ba da umarnin a ƙone yawancin Ukraine don hana 'yan Sweden samun damar samun kayayyaki da wuraren hunturu.

Bayan da aka ci Swedes a Yaƙin Poltava a 1709, Mazepa ya tafi gudun hijira a Moldova kuma ya mutu a can daga baya a wannan shekarar. Sakamakon siyasa da fassarar ficewarsa sun fito ne a tarihin kasa na Ukraine da Rasha. Abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin rayuwar Mazepa sun yi wahayi zuwa ga yawancin wallafe-wallafen, fasaha da kuma ayyukan kiɗa, kuma Hetman da kansa ya shahara a matsayin mai kula da zane-zane.

Rayuwa ta farko

Maryna Mokiievska, daga baya aka sani da Mariia Mahdalena, mahaifiyar Mazepa

An haifi Mazepa a ranar 30 March [ a ƙauyen Mazepyntsi, kusa da Bila Tserkva, a lokacin wani ɓangare na Kiev Voivodeship na Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth, ya shiga cikin dangin Mazepa masu daraja . Mahaifinsa, Stepan Adam Mazepa-Kaledynsky ( Polish ), shine garin Bila Tserkva a lokacin tawayen Khmelnytsky, yayin da mahaifiyarsa, Maryna Mokiievska, ita ma 'yar Cossack ce. Daga baya Maryna ta zama shugaban gidan ibada na Pechersk Ascension Monastery a Kyiv bayan mutuwar mijinta kuma a lokacin an san ta da sunanta na sufanci, Maria Mahdalena; ma'auratan kuma suna da ƙaramar 'ya mace, Oleksandra.

A cikin hidimar Poland

A shekara ta 1657, Stepan Mazepa ya shiga cikin Hetman Ivan Vyhovsky, wanda ya bi manufofin goyon bayan Poland. A shekara ta 1659, ya yi tafiya zuwa Warsaw don halartar sejm kuma ya sanya ɗansa Ivan a cikin hidima a kotun sarauta ta John II Casimir Vasa . Kafin wannan, Ivan Mazepa ya yi karatu a Kyiv Mohyla Collegium a Kyiv ya kammala karatu tare da digiri a cikin maganganu. A cewar Samiilo Velychko, Ivan ya kammala karatun falsafarsa a kwalejin Jesuit a Warsaw.

Ukraine mai zaman kanta

Bayan samun 'yancin Ukraine a shekarar 1991, Mazepa ya zama ana ganinsa sosai a cikin haske mai kyau, a matsayin babban dan siyasa wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya kare ikon cin gashin kai da bukatun Ukraine. Wannan watakila ya fi dacewa da tabbacin 10 hryvnia wanda ke nuna hoton Mazepa. Wannan ra'ayi mai kyau ko mai gyarawa, duk da haka, ƙungiyoyin masu goyon bayan Rasha suna jayayya da shi. Rasha ta yi Allah wadai da Ukraine akai-akai saboda girmamawa ga Ivan Mazepa . A cikin binciken da aka yi a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2009 da kungiyar Research & Branding Group ta yi, kashi 30 cikin 100 na yawan mutanen Ukraine sun kalli Mazepa a matsayin "mutumin da ya yi yaƙi don samun 'yancin Ukraine", yayin da kashi 28 cikin 100 suka kalli shi "a matsayin mai juyawa wanda ya shiga cikin abokan gaba".