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Ivar Aasen

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Ivar Aasen
Rayuwa
Haihuwa Ørsta Municipality (en) Fassara, 5 ga Augusta, 1813
ƙasa Norway
Mazauni Møre og Romsdal (en) Fassara
Mutuwa Christiania (en) Fassara, 23 Satumba 1896
Makwanci Vår Frelsers gravlund (en) Fassara
Karatu
Harsuna Norwegian (en) Fassara
Sana'a
Sana'a philologist (en) Fassara, lexicographer (en) Fassara, linguist (en) Fassara, mai aikin fassara, marubuci, botanist (en) Fassara, maiwaƙe, Bible translator (en) Fassara, scholarship holder (en) Fassara da diarist (en) Fassara
Mamba Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (en) Fassara
Imani
Addini Kiristanci

Ivar Andreas Aasen (no ; 5 Agusta 1813 - 23 Satumba 1896) masanin ilimin falsafa ne na Norway, mawallafin ƙamus, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mawaƙi. [1] An san shi sosai don ya tattara ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan rubuce-rubucen hukuma guda biyu na yaren Norwegian, Nynorsk, daga yaruka daban-daban. [2]

Fage

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An haife shi a matsayin Iver Andreas Aasen a Åsen a Ørsta (sai Ørsten), a gundumar Sunnmøre, a gabar yammacin Norway . Mahaifinsa, ɗan ƙauye mai ƙaramin gona, Ivar Jonsson, ya mutu a shekara ta 1826. Ivar ƙarami ya girma zuwa aikin gona, amma ya himmantu ya noma duk lokacin hutunsa na karatu. [3] Wani abin sha'awa a farkonsa shine shuka . [4] Lokacin da yake dan shekara goma sha takwas, ya bude makarantar firamare a yankinsa na haihuwa. A cikin 1833 ya shiga gidan Hans Conrad Thoresen, mijin fitaccen marubuci Magdalene Thoresen, a Herøy (sa'an nan Herø), kuma a can ya dauko abubuwan Latin . Sannu a hankali, kuma ta hanyar haƙuri da natsuwa mara iyaka, matashin ƙauyen ya mallaki harsuna da yawa, kuma ya fara nazarin kimiyyar tsarin su. [3] Ivar da hannu ɗaya ya ƙirƙiri sabon harshe don Norway ta zama yaren “adabi”. [5]

Sana'a

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ivar Aasen (1891)

Game da 1846 ya 'yantar da kansa daga dukan nauyin aikin hannu, kuma zai iya shagaltar da tunaninsa da yaren yankinsa, Sunnmøre; buguwarsa ta farko ɗan ƙaramin tarin waƙoƙin jama'a ne a yaren Sunnmøre (1843). Iyalinsa na ban mamaki yanzu sun ja hankalin kowa, kuma an taimaka masa ya ci gaba da karatunsa ba tare da damuwa ba. Nahawunsa na Yaren Norwegian ( Danish Grammatik, 1848) ya kasance sakamakon aiki mai yawa, da tafiye-tafiye da aka yi zuwa kowane yanki na ƙasar. Shahararren ƙamus na Aasen na Yaren Yaren Yaren mutanen Norway ( Danish ) ya bayyana a cikin ainihin nau'insa a cikin 1850, kuma daga wannan littafin kwanan wata duk faffadan noma na sanannen harshe a cikin Yaren mutanen Norway, tun da gaske Aasen bai yi ƙasa da ginawa ba, daga cikin kayan daban-daban a wurinsa, sanannen harshe ko tabbataccen folke-maal (harshen mutane) ga Norway. A shekara ta 1853, ya ƙirƙiri ka'ida don amfani da sabon harshensa, wanda ya kira Landsmaal, ma'ana harshen ƙasa. [5] Tare da wasu gyare-gyare, mafi mahimmancin wanda Aasen kansa ya gabatar da shi daga baya, [3] amma kuma ta hanyar siyasa ta ƙarshe da ke nufin haɗa wannan harshen Norwegian tare da Dano-Norwegian, wannan harshe ya zama Nynorsk ("New Norwegian"), na biyu na harsunan hukuma biyu na Norway (ɗayan kuma Bokmål, Dano-Norwegian da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin zuriyar Danish a cikin Danishase). Har yanzu ana samun nau'ikan Yaren mutanen Norway da ba na hukuma ba kusa da harshen Aasen a Høgnorsk ("High Norwegian"). A yau, wasu suna la'akari da Nynorsk daidai da ƙafar Bokmål, kamar yadda Bokmål ke son yin amfani da shi sosai a rediyo da talabijin da yawancin jaridu, yayin da New Norse (Nynorsk) ke amfani da ita daidai a cikin aikin gwamnati [2] da kuma kusan 17% na makarantu. [6] Ko da yake ba a saba da shi ba kamar yaren ɗan'uwansa, amma yana buƙatar kallon shi a matsayin yare mai dacewa, kamar yadda ɗimbin tsirarun 'yan Norway ke amfani da shi a matsayin harshensu na farko ciki har da masana da marubuta da yawa. [6] Sabon Norse duka harshe ne na rubutu da magana. [7]

Kabarin Ivar Aasen a Vår Frelsers gravlund, Oslo

Aasen ya tsara kasidu da wasan kwaikwayo a cikin yare mai haɗaka don nuna yadda ya kamata a yi amfani da shi; ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan wasan kwaikwayo, The Heir (1855), an yi shi akai-akai, kuma ana iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin majagaba na dukan yawan yare-adabi na ƙarshen rabin karni na 1800s, daga Vinje zuwa Garborg . A cikin 1856, ya buga Norske Ordsprog, wani labari akan karin magana na Norwegian. Aasen ya ci gaba da haɓakawa da haɓaka nahawunsa da ƙamus ɗinsa. Ya zauna cikin nutsuwa a masauki a Oslo (sa'an nan Christiania), yana kewaye da littattafansa kuma yana raguwa daga talla, amma sunansa ya girma cikin tagomashi na siyasa yayin da ra'ayinsa game da yaren talakawa ya zama abin kallo na mashahurin jam'iyyar. [8] A cikin 1864, ya buga ainihin nahawu na Nynorsk kuma a cikin 1873 ya buga ƙamus na ƙamus. [9]

A farkon aikinsa, a cikin 1842, ya fara karɓar tallafi don ba shi damar ba da hankalinsa gaba ɗaya ga binciken ilimin falsafa; da Storting ( Majalisar Dokokin Norway), da sanin muhimmancin aikin nasa na kasa, sun yi masa karamci da karamci yayin da ya ci gaba a cikin shekaru. Ya ci gaba da bincikensa har zuwa ƙarshe, amma ana iya cewa, bayan fitowar ƙamus ɗinsa na 1873 (tare da sabon take: [4] Danish ), sai ya kara da cewa a cikin shagunan sa. Ivar Aasen yana da ƙila a keɓe wuri a cikin tarihin adabi a matsayin mutumin da ya ƙirƙira, ko kuma aƙalla zaɓe da kuma gina shi, yaren da ya faranta wa dubban mutanen ƙasarsa rai har suka yarda da shi ga makarantunsu, wa’azinsu da waƙoƙinsu. Ya mutu a Christiania a ranar 23 ga Satumba 1896, kuma an binne shi tare da karrama jama'a. [8] [10]

Cibiyar Ivar Aasen

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ivar Aasen-tunet, wata cibiya ce mai sadaukar da harshen Nynorsk, an buɗe a watan Yuni 2000. Gine-ginen da ke Ørsta an tsara shi ta hanyar injiniyan Norwegian Sverre Fehn . Shafin yanar gizon su ya ƙunshi yawancin rubutun Aasen, wasu misalai masu yawa na adabin Nynorsk (a cikin Nettbiblioteket, Laburaren Intanet), da wasu labarai, gami da wasu a cikin Ingilishi, game da tarihin harshe a Norway.

Shekarar Harshe 2013

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Språkåret 2013 (Shekarar Harshe 2013) ta yi bikin cika shekaru 200 na Ivar Aasen, [11] da kuma cika shekaru 100 na Det Norske Teateret . Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a wannan shekarar shi ne bikin bambance-bambancen harshe a Norway. [12] A kuri'ar jin ra'ayin jama'a da aka fitar dangane da bikin, kashi 56% na 'yan kasar Norway sun ce suna da ra'ayi mai kyau game da Aasen, yayin da kashi 7% ke da ra'ayi mara kyau. [13] A ranar bikin Aasen na 200, 5 ga Agusta 2013, Bergens Tidende, wanda aka saba bugawa a Bokmål, ya buga bugu cikakke a Nynorsk don tunawa da Aasen. [14]

Littafi Mai Tsarki

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Aasen ya buga abubuwa da yawa, wasu daga cikinsu sun fito bayan mutuwa.

Take Fassara take Kwanan Bugawa Nau'in Bayanan kula
Det Norske Folkesprogs Grammatik Nahawu na Yaren Norwegian 1848 Littafi [15]
Ordbog kan det norske Folkesprog Kamus na Yaren Norway 1850 Kamus [15] Akan Littattafan Google
Symra Symra 1863 Waka [15] Ya haɗa da waƙar Nordmannen .
Ina Marknaden A cikin Kasuwa 1854 Wasa [15]
Ervingen Magaji 1855 Wasa [15]
Reise-Erindringer da kuma Reise-Indberetninger Abubuwan Tunawa da Balaguro da Labaran Balaguro 1842-1847 Larabci Gyara ta H. Koht (1917) [15]
Skrift da Samling Rubuce-rubuce a cikin Tarin 1912 Larabci Juzu'i 3 [15]
Dikting Waka 1946 Larabci [15]

Bayanan kafa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ McGovern 2002
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Katzner 2002
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Gosse 1911
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Gilman, Peck & Colby 1905
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Haugen 1997
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Haugen 2009
  7. ↑ Haugen 2009
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Gosse 1911
  9. ↑ Hoiberg 2010
  10. ↑ Grepstad 2013
  11. ↑ Berglund 2013
  12. ↑ Anon 2013
  13. ↑ Anon 2013a
  14. ↑ Steiro 2013
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 Bredsdorff 1954

Magana

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Anon (2013). "Om Språkåret 2013" [About Language Year 2013]. www.språkåret.no (in Harhsen Norway). Språkåret. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
  • Anon (2013a). "Folket verdset nynorsken sin far" [The people value the father of Nynorsk]. www.nrk.no (in Harhsen Norway). Aftenposten. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  • Berglund, Nina (5 September 2013). "Language creator hailed and decried". News in English. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
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  • Steiro, Gard (5 September 2013). "Lenge leve spynorsken. Gratulerer med dagen, Ivar Aasen. Her får du heile avisa vår i gåve" [Long live Spynorsk. Happy Birthday, Ivar Aasen. Here's our entire newspaper in gift.]. Bergens Tidende (in Harhsen Norway). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: <span class="mw-reference-text reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-nynorsk.no_bio-1">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</span>Gosse, Edmund (1911). "Aasen, Ivar". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 4–5.
  • norwegian journal talks about the removal of Nynorsk https://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/sid/i/8mo5GW/du-kan-ikke-velge-bort-nynorsk-bare-fordi-det-er-vanskelig-ingrid-b

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