Jack Spicer
 Jack Spicer | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Cikakken suna | John Lester Spicer |
| Haihuwa | Los Angeles, 30 ga Janairu, 1925 |
| ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Mutuwa | San Francisco, 17 ga Augusta, 1965 |
| Makwanci |
Cypress Lawn Memorial Park (en)  |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
University of Redlands (en) (1943 - 1945) University of California, Berkeley (en) (1945 - 1955) Doctor of Philosophy (en) : ilimin harsuna |
| Harsuna | Turanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | maiwaƙe da mai aikin fassara |
| Employers | Jami'ar Stanford |
| Kyaututtuka |
gani
|
| Fafutuka |
Beat Generation (en) San Francisco Renaissance (en) |
Jack Spicer (Janairu 30, 1925 - Agusta 17, 1965) wani mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne wanda aka fi sani da Renaissance na San Francisco. A cikin 2009, My vocabulary did this to me: Waƙar da aka tattara na Jack Spicer ya lashe lambar yabo ta Littafin Amurka a fannin waƙa. Ya shafe yawancin rayuwarsa ta rubuce-rubuce a San Francisco.[1]
Rayuwar farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Jack John Lester Spicer a ranar 30 ga Janairu, 1925 a Los Angeles, babban ɗan iyaye Dorothy Clause da John Lovely Spicer.[2]
Ya sauke karatu daga Makarantar sakandare ta Fairfax a 1942, kuma ya halarci Jami'ar Redlands daga 1943 zuwa 1945. Yayin da yake halartar Jami'ar Redlands, ya yi abota da Warren Christopher. Bayan kammala karatunsa ya zauna a Los Angeles a takaice, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin karin fim da kuma mai bincike na sirri.[3]
Berkeley
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Spicer ya ƙare a Berkeley, kuma ya zauna a gidan kwana tare da Philip K. Dick. Ya yi shekaru 1945 zuwa 1950; kuma daga 1952 zuwa 1955 a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, inda ya fara rubuce-rubuce, yana yin aiki a matsayin masanin ilimin harshe, da kuma buga wasu wakoki (ko da yake ya ƙi bugawa). A cikin 1950, ya ƙi sanya hannu kan "rantsuwar aminci" a lokacin McCarthyism.[4]
A wannan lokacin ya nemo mawakan ’yan uwansu, amma ta hanyar kawancensa da Robert Duncan da Robin Blaser ne Spicer ya kirkiro wani sabon nau’in waka, kuma tare suka yi nuni da aikinsu na gama gari a matsayin Renaissance na Berkeley. Su ukun, waɗanda dukansu 'yan luwaɗi ne, sun kuma ilimantar da mawaƙa kanana a cikin da'irarsu game da "labarinsu na ƙauye": Rimbaud, Lorca, da sauran marubutan gay. An tattara wakokin Spicer na wannan zamani a Tsayuwar Dare da Sauran Waqoqin (1980). Imaginary Elegies, wanda daga baya aka tattara a cikin Donald Allen's New American Poetry 1945-1960 anthology, an rubuta shi a wannan lokacin.
San Francisco
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1954, ya haɗu da haɗin gwiwa shida Gallery a San Francisco, wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya zama sananne a matsayin wurin karatun Gallery shida na Oktoba 1955 wanda ya ƙaddamar da motsi na West Coast Beat. A cikin 1955, Spicer ya ƙaura zuwa Birnin New York sannan kuma ya tafi Boston, inda ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a cikin Rare Book Room of Boston Public Library. Har ila yau, Blaser yana Boston a wannan lokacin, kuma ma'auratan sun yi hulɗa da wasu mawaƙa na gida, ciki har da John Wieners, Stephen Jonas, da Joe Dunn.