Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi
Jalal ad-Din Mohammad Balkhi Rumi, an haife shi Iran a Wakhsh, wani gari da ke kan kogi da sunan daya a Balkh, Greater Khorasan. Yanzu Wakhsh yana Tajikistan yayin da Balkh yake Afghanistan.
Muhimman tasiri a kansa, ban da mahaifinsa masani Baha od-Din Walad wanda ke da alaƙa da zuriyar Gnostic Najm od-Din Kubra na Iran, su ne mawaƙan Farisa Attar Naishapuri da Sana’i Ghaznavi. Bai cika shekara goma ba lokacin da dangi suka gudu daga Khorasan zuwa Iraki saboda mamayar Mongol.
A cikin 1229, Sarkin Seljuk Turks ya gayyaci mahaifinsa don koyar da ilimin tauhidi a babban birnin kasar, Konya. Rumi ya zama malami kuma babban malami; bayan an aika shi zuwa Aleppo da Dimashƙu don ya kammala samun horon addini, daga baya Rumi ya karɓi mukamin mahaifinsa.[1]
Wakoki[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gano waqoqin Rumi gabaɗaya ya samo asali ne daga abokantakarsa ta tsakiyar rayuwa da sufanci Shams al-Din Tabrizi. A shekara ta 1244, Shams ya isa Konya, yana wa'azin yuwuwar da wajibcin tarayya da Allah kai tsaye. Rumi ta zama almajiri kuma aminin Shams; su biyun ba kasafai suke rabuwa ba.[2] An ce ’ya’yan Rumi da mabiyansa sun yi kishin Shams suka kore shi daga garin. Ko mene ne sanadin, bayan bacewar Sham, Rumi ya jajanta wa kansa da rubuta wakoki, rera wakoki, da raye-raye, musamman raye-rayen dawake da aka yi a kade-kade da aka fi sani da whirling dervish. Da sauri Rumi ya samu suna a matsayin mai hangen nesa mai cike da farin ciki, kuma ya sadaukar da sauran rayuwarsa wajen rubutu da ibada. Manyan ayyukan Rumi duk sun kasance tun bayan bacewar Shams: Diwan-e Shams-e Tabiz, “The Collected Poems of Shams,” da aka rubuta a wani bangare cikin muryar Shams; Mathnawi, ko “Ma’auratan Ruhaniya,” wani lokaci ana kiranta da Kur’ani na Farisa, kuma waƙar da aka fi karantawa a duniyar Musulmi; da ayyuka daban-daban da suka haɗa da Fihe ma fih, ko “Magana”; wa'azin da aka tsara don lokuta, Majales-e sab'a; da haruffa da yawa da aka sani da Maktubat. Shaharar Rumi a lokacin rayuwarsa ta shahara, kuma an yi alhinin mutuwarsa.
Rumi ta kasance daya daga cikin fitattun mawakan duniya. Malamai irin su A.J. Arberry, Franklin D. Lewis, Jawid Mojaddedi, da Reynold A. Nicholson sun fassara ayyukan Rumi masu tarin yawa cikin Ingilishi. Shahararrun fassarorin ayyukan Rumi kuma Coleman Barks ne suka yi. A cewar Mojaddedi, jin daɗin Rumi tare da masu karatu na zamani za a iya gano su a wani ɓangare na zayyana, sauƙi, yadda ya yi amfani da mutum na biyu da dagewa kan adireshin kai tsaye, da kuma "fatan sa na samun haɗin gwiwa… Rumi yana murna da haɗin gwiwa.