Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin
 Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Gajeren suna | GSIM |
| Iri | ƙungiyar ta'addanci |
| Ƙasa | Mali |
Ideology (en)  |
Salafi jihadism (en) |
| Aiki | |
| Bangare na | Al-Qaeda |
| Mulki | |
| Shugaba |
Iyad Ag Ghaly (en) |
| Hedkwata |
Tinzaouaten (en) |
| Tarihi | |
| Ƙirƙira | 1 ga Maris, 2017 |
| Wanda yake bi |
Ansar Dine (en) , al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (en) , Katiba Macina da Al-Mourabitoun (en) |
Jama'at Nusrat ul-Islam wa al-Muslimin (Arabic; Faransanci: , 'GSIM'; [1] lit. 'Support Group for Islam and Muslims') kungiya ce ta Salafi Jihadist [2] a cikin Maghreb da Afirka ta Yamma da aka kafa ta hanyar haɗuwa da Ansar Dine, Macina Liberation Front, al-Mourabitoun da reshen Sahara na Al-Qaeda a cikin Magrreb na Musulunci (wani bangare na Al-Qaeda).[3][4][5] Shugabanninta sun rantse da biyayya ga Ayman al-Zawahiri .
A cikin 2022, The Economist ya lura cewa JNIM ita ce ƙungiyar ta'addanci mafi saurin girma a duniya a halin yanzu.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]JNIM hadin gwiwa ne na kungiyoyin Salafi Jihadist [2] [3] a Yammacin Afirka da aka kafa ta hanyar haɗuwa da Ansar Dine, Macina Liberation Front, al-Mourabitoun da reshen Sahara na al-Qaeda a cikin Maghreb na Musulunci (tsohon Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat).[4][5]
A ranar 2 ga Maris 2017, Iyad Ag Ghaly, mataimakin shugaban Al Murabitoun, Hassan Al Ansari, Yahya Abu Hammam, Amadou Kouffa, da Abu Abderaham al-Sanhaji sun bayyana a cikin bidiyon da ke bayyana kirkirar Jama'a Nusrat ul-Islam wa al-Muslimin, da kuma goyon bayansu ga al-Qaeda Emir Ayman al-Zawahiri, Emir na AQIM, Abdelmalek Droukdel, da kuma Taliban Emir, Hibatullah Akhundzada . [3][4]
Sun kuma yaba da shugabannin al-Qaeda Osama bin Laden da Abu Musab al-Zarqawi.[6][7] A ranar 16 ga watan Maris, Abdelmalek Droukdel ya fitar da saƙon sauti, yana amincewa da hadin kai tsakanin kungiyoyin.[8] A ranar 19 ga watan Maris, Al-Qaeda ta fitar da wata sanarwa da ta amince da sabuwar kungiyar kuma ta yarda da rantsuwarsu ta aminci.[9]
Shugabannin biyu da Ofishin Baitulmalin Amurka ya ba da izini an kira su Ali Maychou da Bah Ag Moussa . Moussa tsohon kwamandan Sojojin Mali ne wanda ya jagoranci wani aiki a watan Maris na 2019 a kan sansanin Sojojin Mali a Dioura wanda ya kashe akalla sojoji 21 na Mali. Maychou ɗan ƙasar Maroko ne wanda ya yi ikirarin cewa yana da alhakin harin JNIM a sansanin soja da ke da sojojin Mali a Gao, inda ya kashe mutane da yawa. Ofishin Baitulmalin ya ce Maychou yana da rawar gani a cikin ayyukan JNIM, yayin da Moussa ya yi aiki a madadin shugaban JNIM Iyad Ag Ghaly . [10] A cikin 2021, an sanya ƙarin shugabannin biyu a matsayin 'Yan ta'adda na Duniya na Musamman: Sidan Ag Hitta da Salem ould Breihmatt .
Gwamnatin Faransa ta bayyana cewa an kashe masu jihadi 50 da ke da alaƙa da ƙungiyar al-Qaeda a tsakiyar Mali yayin wani aikin da sojojin Barkhane masu adawa da jihadi na Faransa suka kaddamar a ranar 30 ga Oktoba 2020. Har ila yau, sojojin Faransa sun kwace makamai da kayan aiki kuma sun kama hudu daga cikin masu jihadi da ke rayuwa, kamar yadda Ministan Tsaro na Faransa Florence Parly ya ce. Hukumomin Faransa sun kuma tabbatar da mutuwar babban shugaban JNIM Bah ag Moussa tare da hudu daga cikin ƙungiyarsa. Ya kasance mai kula da ayyukan ta'addanci da kuma horar da sabbin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Faransa ta tura sojoji sama da 5,000 a yankin Sahel don yaki da masu tayar da kayar baya.
A ranar 29 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2021, rundunar kimanin mambobi 100 ta kai hari sansanin masu zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Arewacin Mali, kimanin kilomita 200 (120 daga iyakar Aljeriya. An kashe hudu daga cikin masu zaman lafiya na Chadi a harin, kuma 34 sun ji rauni. Rahotanni na farko sun nuna cewa an kashe kimanin 20 daga cikin masu jihadi, adadin da aka sake sabuntawa zuwa 40, gami da Abdallaye Ag Albaka. An bayyana Ag Albaka a matsayin "mutumin hannun dama ga Iyad Ag Ghaly", kuma ba bisa ka'ida ba a matsayin mutum na 3 a cikin kungiyar.
Ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daga 2017 zuwa 2023, JNIM tana da alhakin fiye da rabin abubuwan tashin hankali a duk yankin Sahel, musamman saboda karuwar damar yin amfani da bama-bamai na kan hanya, bam, bam da rokoki. Yana da mafi yawan tashin hankali tare da sojojin Burkina Faso (sau 1,762) da sojojin Mali (sau 945). Har ila yau, yana da niyya ga kungiyoyin masu yaƙi da sa kai da kuma al'ummomin da yake la'akari da tausayi ga jihar.
A ranar 26 ga Afrilu 2021, an kashe David Beriáin, Roberto Fraile da Rory Young bayan wani kwanton bauna da JNIM ta yi a gabashin Burkina Faso, kusa da iyakar Benin.
A ranar 5 ga Satumba 2023, akalla sojoji 50 na Burkina Faso sun mutu a rikice-rikice a Lardin Yatenga . [11]
A ranar 7 ga Satumba 2023, akalla fararen hula 154 da sojoji goma sha biyar na Mali sun mutu lokacin da mayakan JNIM suka kai hari kan sansanin soja na Mali a Bamba da jirgin farar hula na Tombouctou a kan Kogin Neja kusa da ƙauyen Banikane, Gourma-Rharous. [12]
A ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 2023, mayakan JNIM sun kaddamar da babban hari a birnin Djibo a Burkina Faso, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar fararen hula akalla 40.[13] An fara kewaye Djibo a watan Fabrairun 2022.
Jihar Musulunci a cikin Babban Sahara tana aiki a matsayin abokin adawar JNIM kuma yayin da ba ta da irin ƙarfin da damar JNIM, tana kama da JNIM da dabarun da take amfani da ita. Ghaly ya bayyana cewa dabarun JNIM ita ce fadada kasancewarta a duk faɗin Afirka ta Yamma da kuma horar da 'yan ta'adda don yin yaƙi da abokan gaba na kungiyar yayin da yake kwantar da hankalin al'ummomin yankin ta hanyar ba su albarkatun kayan aiki da sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar gida. JNIM a kai a kai ta kai hari kan jami'an tsaro na Faransa, na kasashe masu yawa, da na cikin gida a Afirka ta Yamma, da kuma fararen hula na cikin gida da na kasashen waje a yankin.[14]
A watan Yunin 2024, mayakan JNIM sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun kashe sojoji sama da 100 a wani sansanin soja a yankin arewacin Mansila kusa da Nijar. Masu sharhi kan tsaro sun ce yana daya daga cikin hare-haren da aka fi kashewa kan sojojin gwamnati a yankin. JNIM ta kuma yi iƙirarin cewa ta kama sojoji bakwai kuma ta kwace makamai da harsashi.[15]
JNIM ta yi iƙirarin a watan Yulin 2024 wani "ƙaddamarwa mai rikitarwa" ya shafe wani jirgin ruwa a lokacin Yaƙin Tinzaouaten, inda ya kashe 'yan Rasha 50 da sojoji da yawa na Mali, kuma ya buga bidiyon da ke nuna motoci da yawa da ke cin wuta da kuma gawawwakin mutane da yawa a yankin. Wani mai magana da yawun kungiyar mayakan Tuareg ya ce an kama wasu sojojin Mali da mayakan Rasha a lokacin yakin. A cewar wasu tashoshin Telegram na Rasha da ba na hukuma ba, an kashe kusan 'yan Rasha 80. Wannan zai sa ya zama mafi munin asarar ga sojojin Rasha a cikin shekaru da yawa na aiki a Afirka, yayin da Kremlin ya nemi amfani da dakarun wakilai don kalubalanci tasirin Yamma a fadin Sahel da tsakiyar Afirka da kuma tallafawa gwamnatocin da ba su da kwanciyar hankali.[16]
A ranar 25 ga watan Agustan 2024, JNIM ta kaddamar da Barsalogho_attack" id="mwrQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2024 Barsalogho attack">babban hari kan mutane da aka ba su alhakin tono ramuka don kare sansanonin tsaro a yankin Barsalogho, Burkina Faso, inda ta kashe akalla sojoji da fararen hula 600.[17]
JNIM ta kai hari kan sansanin horo na soja kusa da filin jirgin sama a babban birnin Mali a watan Satumbar 2024 yayin da aka ji fashewa a yankin. A cikin sa'o'i, gwamnati ta sanar da cewa tana rufe filin jirgin sama a Bamako na ɗan lokaci. Dukan harin ya dauki sa'o'i 9 kuma an kashe 100+ kuma an ji musu rauni. Akalla an kama mutane 15 dangane da harin. JNIM ta dauki alhakin ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai.[18][19]
Manufofin da goyon baya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Cibiyar Nazarin dabarun da na kasa da kasa ta bayyana JNIM a matsayin "kungiyar 'yan tawaye ta Salafi-jihadist da ke da alaƙa da al Qaeda wacce ke neman maye gurbin ikon da aka kafa tare da fassarar ra'ayin mazan jiya na dokar Islama".[20]
A cikin 2022, Cibiyar Nazarin Dabarun Afirka ta ce JNIM ba ta da goyon baya mai yawa.[21]
A watan Janairun 2023, an ruwaito cewa wasu dangin daga arewacin Mali sun rantse da goyon baya ga JNIM.
Rukunin leken asiri na tattalin arziki sun ba da rahoton a cikin 2024 cewa "JNIM na cikin gida suna tallafawa fiye da kungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da IS. JNIM ta haɗu da kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye na cikin gida, waɗanda ke da alaƙar al'umma ta kusa yayin da kungiyoyin IS suka fi zama na waje a yankin".[22]
JNIM ta kafa kawance tare da al'ummomin yankin da Tuareg ko wasu kabilun.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Buchanan, Elsa (3 April 2017). "Mali: Terror threat spreads after Sahel groups join forces to create new jihadist alliance". Archived from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nsaibia, Héni (2023-11-13). "Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM)". ACLED (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-09-24. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin". Australian National Security. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hess, Ryan CK (24 November 2020). "Lassoing the Haboob". www.airuniversity.af.edu. Retrieved 2024-09-24. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Al-Qaeda now has a united front in Africa's troubled Sahel region". Newsweek. 3 March 2017. Archived from the original on 22 May 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2017. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "merger" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Al Qaeda branch rallies jihadists to join forces after Mali merger". Reuters. 20 March 2017. Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
- ↑ "Jama'a Nusrat ul-Islam wa al-Muslimin / Group for the Support of Islam and Muslims (GSIM) – AQIM, Ansar Dine, Macina Liberation Front & Mourabitounes Coalition – Terrorist Groups – TRAC". Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
- ↑ @Rita_Katz (20 March 2017). "2) Message comes 2days after #AQIM..." (Tweet). Retrieved 12 April 2017 – via Twitter.
- ↑ @Terror_Monitor (19 March 2017). "#AlQaeda Central Welcomes Merger Of..." (Tweet). Retrieved 12 April 2017 – via Twitter.
- ↑ "Two leaders of Mali al-Qaeda affiliate put on US terrorism list after attacks". Al Arabiya. July 16, 2019. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
- ↑ "More than 50 security forces killed by jihadis in Burkina Faso, as violence inches closer to capital". ABC News (in Turanci). September 5, 2023. Retrieved 2023-09-10.
- ↑ "Mali : Les groupes islamistes armés et l'armée prennent les civils pour cible" (in Faransanci). Human Rights Watch. 2023-11-01. Archived from the original on 14 December 2023. Retrieved 2024-01-01.
- ↑ "Dozens killed in attack by armed groups in Burkina Faso, UN says". France 24 (in Turanci). 2023-11-28. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
- ↑ "National Counterterrorism Center | FTOs". www.dni.gov. Retrieved 2024-09-01.
- ↑ Lawal, Shola. "Nearly 200 people dead: What's behind armed attacks in Burkina Faso?". Al Jazeera (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-09-01.
- ↑ Darya Tarasova; Tim Lister; Avery Schmitz (2024-07-29). "Dozens of Russian mercenaries killed in rebel ambush in Mali, in their worst known loss in Africa". CNN (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-07-30.
- ↑ Mezzofiore, Saskya Vandoorne, Nick Paton Walsh, Gianluca (2024-10-04). "Massacre in Burkina Faso left 600 dead, double previous estimates, according to French security assessment". CNN (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-11-09.
- ↑ "Al Qaeda-linked group claims attack on military police base in Mali's capital". France 24 (in Turanci). 2024-09-17. Retrieved 2024-09-18.
- ↑ "Mali attack: Al-Qaeda-linked JNIM says it was behind morning assault". www.bbc.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-09-18.
- ↑ "Examining Extremism: Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin". Archived from the original on 2022-01-25. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
- ↑ "The Puzzle of JNIM and Militant Islamist Groups in the Sahel". Archived from the original on 2022-01-25. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
- ↑ "Attacks by Islamic extremists are rampant in Africa's Sahel. Here's what we know about them". AP News (in Turanci). 2024-09-22. Retrieved 2024-09-22.