James Rupert Lawson
 James Rupert Lawson | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Macon (mul)  , 1918 |
| ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Mutuwa | 9 ga Yuli, 1985 |
| Sana'a | |
James Rupert Lawson (5 ga Yuni, 1918 - Yuli 9, 1985) ɗan Ba'amurke ɗan gwagwarmaya ne wanda ya kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙasa ta Duniya.
Mabiyin ra'ayoyin Marcus Garvey, an danganta shi da akidar "bakar kishin kasa" a shekarun 1950 da 1960.
Shekarun farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Lawson a Macon, Georgia, yana karatu a makarantar sakandare a can, sannan ya koma New York, inda ya kasance na tsawon aikinsa. A cikin 1930s ya shiga cikin Harlem Labor Union,[1] wanda Ira Kemp ya kafa. Ƙungiyar tana da falsafar baƙar fata na Garveyite, kuma Kwamitin Ma'aikata na Frank Crosswaith ya yi adawa da shi.
Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙasar Afirka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1948 Lawson ya kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasa ta Ƙasar Afirka (UANM), wadda ta yi amfani da goyon baya ga sojojin anti-imperialist da kuma inganta Pan-Africanism, a cikin al'adar Garvey. UANM ta dauki nauyin abubuwan da suka faru kamar ranar Garvey a Harlem, bikin aikin Garvey wanda aka yi wa "Miss Africa" rawanin.[2]
A cikin 1950 Lawson ya kasance kurkuku saboda rashin zaman lafiya lokacin da shi da sauran membobin UANM suka yi zanga-zanga a wata cocin Katolika a kan zargin da cocin ke yi na goyon bayan mulkin daular Italiya tun lokacin da Mussolini ya mamaye Habasha.[3] Lawson ya kuma yi amfani da kusancin hedkwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya akai-akai don yada lamarin. A cewar 'yar gwagwarmaya Ora Mobley-Sweeting, "samun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a can birnin New York ya ba mu damar tunkarar wannan kungiyar ta kasa da kasa". Lawson zai "saba layi a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, yana magana game da 'yantar da Afirka."[4]
Ƙungiyar ta inganta alaƙa da ƙasashen Afirka masu zaman kansu. A cikin Maris na 1957, UANM ta gudanar da liyafar cin abinci a Otal ɗin Theresa a Harlem ga jakadun Sudan, Maroko, da Tunisiya, tare da manzo daga Libya. Kungiyar ta UANM dai ta nuna adawa da goyon bayan da Amurka ke ba wa turawan mulkin mallaka, kamar samar da jirage masu saukar ungulu ga Faransa don amfani da su a yakin neman yancin kai na Aljeriya. Lawson ya yi imanin cewa yakamata Turai da Afirka su sami taimakon Amurka daidai gwargwado kuma sun amince da ƙarin goyon baya ga ayyukan yaƙi da mulkin mallaka. Lawson ya kuma so ya kafa wani kamfani na kasuwanci na bakar fata don maye gurbin kasuwancin fararen fata da ke gudanar da kasuwanci a kasashen Kudancin Amurka da Caribbean.[1]
Iyali da sauran ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tare da matarsa Martha, Lawson yana da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Kathryn Brown da Mary Birhane Lawson, da jikoki biyu. Ya ci gaba da rubuce-rubuce da fafutuka a cikin shekarunsa na ƙarshe. A cikin 1980s ya yi kamfen don halatta wasan lambobi, don rage tasirin aikata laifuka.[1]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 Obituary, "James R. Lawson, 67, Harlem-Based Activist, New York Times, July 14, 1985
- ↑ renda Gayle Plummer, Rising Wind: Black Americans and U.S. Foreign Affairs, 1935-1960, University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1996, p.267.
- ↑ Lawson draws 60 Days, 5 other pro-Afros jailed", The New York World, November 11, 1950, p.7
- ↑ Biondi, Martha, To Stand and Fight: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Postwar New York City, Harvard University Press, June 30, 2009 pp.280-1