James Thompson Bain
 James Thompson Bain | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 6 ga Maris, 1860 |
| ƙasa | Afirka ta kudu |
| Mutuwa | 29 Oktoba 1919 |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Turanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
trade unionist (en)  |
James Thomson "JT" Bain (6 Maris 1860 - 29 Oktoba 1919) ya kasance ɗan gurguzu kuma ɗan ƙungiyar kwadago a mulkin mallaka na Afirka ta Kudu .
Rayuwa ta farko da aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Bain cikin talauci a Dundee, Scotland a ranar 6 ga Maris 1860 ga Andrew Bain da Eliza Thomson . A lokacin da yake da shekaru 16, ya shiga cikin Sojojin Burtaniya kuma a 1878 an tura shi Pretoria, babban birnin Transvaal, wanda Burtaniya ta mamaye a shekarar da ta gabata. Ya yi yaƙi don Birtaniya a kan Zulus a Natal a 1879. Daga 1880 zuwa 1882 ya kasance a Indiya.
Bayan ya bar Sojoji ya koma Scotland inda ya horar da shi a matsayin mai gyarawa. A matsayinsa na ƙwararren mai sana'a, ya zama mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata kuma ya saba da tunanin Thomas Carlyle, ɗan gurguzu na Scotland. Ya zama mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyoyin gurguzu, ya shiga ƙungiyar Scottish Land & Labour League kuma ya sadu da William Morris, babban mutum a cikin gurguzu na Turai, a Edinburgh.
Gida a Afirka ta Kudu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1890 ya koma Afirka ta Kudu, da farko ya zauna a Cape Town. Nan da nan ya zama sananne a matsayin mai goyon bayan kwaminisanci. Bain ya koma arewa zuwa Kimberley kuma ba da daɗewa ba zuwa Transvaal (wanda ya samu bayan nasarar da aka samu a Majuba a 1881 ya sake samun 'yancin kansa daga Burtaniya a matsayin Zuid Afrikaanse Republiek).
Ya zauna a Johannesburg, wanda ya zama babban wurin hakar ma'adinai bayan gano zinariya a 1886, kuma ya zama mai aiki a cikin Kungiyar Kwadago, wanda aka ƙaddamar a watan Agustan 1892.
A cikin shekarun 1890 Bain ya kasance mai aiki a siyasa a hanyoyi da yawa, gami da leken asiri ga gwamnatin Kruger a Transvaal da Natal. Ya zama editan Jaridar Johannesburg Witness a 1899 kuma ya zama jagora a Majalisar Kasuwanci ta Johannesburg (wanda aka kafa a watan Oktoba 1893). Tare da Tom Mathews (an haife shi a Cornish tsohon mai fafutukar kungiyar ma'adinai ta Amurka a Montana" id="mwMA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Butte, Montana">Butte, Montana) da kuma sakataren Majalisar Kasuwanci ta Johannesburg Robert Noonan (wanda aka fi sani da Robert Tressell, marubuci a shekara ta 1914 na The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists) ya kafa Jam'iyyar Labour ta Duniya.
Lokacin da Yaƙin Boer na Biyu ya ɓarke tsakanin ZAR da Burtaniya a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1899, Bain ya shiga rundunar Transvaal kuma ya yi yaƙi don ƙasar da ya karɓa. A ranar 31 ga Yulin 1900, ranar da Johannesburg ta fadi ga Birtaniya, an kama shi a can kuma ya fuskanci yiwuwar tuhumar cin amana, amma daga ƙarshe an bi da shi a matsayin POW bisa ga zama ɗan ƙasa ga Transvaal. An tsare shi a Ceylon, kuma bayan an sake shi a 1903 ya koma Johannesburg.
Daga wannan lokacin zuwa 1905 Bain ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata. Amma a cikin 1906 an kafa Jam'iyyar Labour mai zaman kanta ta Transvaal kuma, bayan hadewarta da wata ƙungiya, an zabi Bain a matsayin shugaban kasa. Bain ya tafi aiki a wani ma'adinai a wajen Pretoria a 1908 kuma ya kasance mai aiki a siyasa da Kungiyoyin kwadago.
Ayyukan masana'antu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 1913 ya zama mai shirya cikakken lokaci tare da Tarayyar Kwadago kuma kusan nan da nan ya shiga cikin babbar rikici ta masana'antu da aka taba samu a Kudancin Afirka. Daga Mayu zuwa Yuli 1913 a matsayin sakataren kwamitin yajin aiki shi ne shugaban yajin aikin da ya fara a Kleinfontein Mine a gabashin Johannesburg kuma nan da nan ya karu zuwa tawaye na masana'antu na Transvaal (na fararen ma'aikata). A watan Yuni Bain ya jagoranci kokarin fara yajin aiki na tausayi a wasu ma'adanai makwabta kuma a ranar 20 an kama shi a kan zargin 'ta da yajin aiki'. An sake shi a kan beli kuma a ranar 29 ga Yuni an kira yajin aiki.
A ranar 4 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1914, a wani taro tsakanin shugabannin yajin aiki, Firayim Minista Louis Botha da Ministan Jan Smuts na lokacin, an cimma yarjejeniya ne bisa ga cikakken dawo da duk masu hakar ma'adinai da aka kore su da kuma aikin da gwamnati ta yi don yin la'akari da duk korafin kungiyoyin kwadago. Botha da Smuts sun sami nasarar shawo kan masu hakar ma'adinai, kuma an kammala sulhu.
Koyaya, Smuts ya sami fansa ga 'kashe' na 1913. An ayyana yajin aikin jirgin kasa (ba tare da amincewar Bain ba) a watan Janairun shekara ta 1914 ya jagoranci Smuts ya tattara sabbin sojojin 'yan kasa da aka tsara kuma ya kwace manyan cibiyoyin jirgin kasa. An ba da shawarar yajin aiki, amma a ranar 10 ga Janairu an ba da sammaci don kama Bain. Bain da sauran shugabannin ma'aikata sun toshe kansu a cikin hedikwatar su kuma a ranar 13 ga watan Janairu Tarayyar ta sanar da cewa kungiyoyin kwadago masu alaƙa sun jefa kuri'a don amincewa da yajin aikin. Koyaya, a ranar 15 ga Janairu ginin Trades Union ya kewaye da 'yan sanda da sojoji, gami da bindigogi, kuma Bain da abokan aikinsa ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su mika wuya. A watan Fabrairu an kore shi zuwa Burtaniya.
Rayuwa daga baya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1914, shi da wasu wadanda aka korar sun dawo Rand, amma – a wani bangare saboda yakin duniya na farko – ba su sake samun damar jagoranci ba. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1919, an shigar da shi asibitin General na Johannesburg. Bayan ya rubuta wata wasika daga gadon mutuwarsa zuwa wani jarida, yana rokon masu karatu su kada kuri'a ga 'yan takarar Labour da Socialist a zaben kananan hukumomi mai zuwa, ya rasu a ranar 29 ga Oktoba.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Hyslop, Jonathan (2004) The Notorious Syndicalist - J.T. Bain: A Scottish Rebel in Colonial South Africa. Johannesburg: Jacana Media.