Jaswant Singh Khalra
Jaswant Singh Khalra (1952–1995)[1] ya kasance dan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dan Adam na Sikh. Ya jawo hankalin duniya game da binciken da ya yi game da kashe-kashe da konawa ba bisa ka'ida 25,000 da suka shafi 'yan sandan Punjab, kuma 'yan sanda sun kashe 'yan sanda kusan 2,000 wadanda suka ki ba da hadin kai.
An ga Khalra na ƙarshe a watan Satumbar 1995, yana wanke motarsa a gaban gidansa da ke Amritsar. Daga baya an yanke wa wasu jami’an ‘yan sandan Punjab 6 hukuncin dauri a gidan yari saboda sace Khalra da kisan kai.
Yunkurin fafutuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Jaswant Singh Khalra shi ne darektan wani banki a birnin Amritsar a Punjab a lokacin 'yan bindiga a Punjab. Bayan Operation Blue Star, kisan Indira Gandhi, da tarzomar Anti-Sikh a 1984, an baiwa 'yan sanda ikon tsare wadanda ake zargi da kowane dalili, wai a matsayin wadanda ake zargi da aikata ta'addanci. An zargi ‘yan sandan da kashe wadanda ake zargin ba su da makami a wani harbe-harbe da kuma kona gawarwakin dubban gawarwakin domin boye kisan.
Khalra tana binciken manyan shari'o'i hudu a lokaci guda kuma ta ci gaba da tattara shaidu da shaidu. Wadannan shari'o'in sun hada da kisan Behla na tsare, shari'ar garkuwar mutane game da mutuwar fararen hula bakwai, kona gawarwakin mutane 25,000 da ba a san ko su waye ba a Punjab, da kuma cewa 'yan sanda sun kashe 'yan sanda kusan 2,000 da ba su hada kai wajen yaki da ta'addanci. Babban Ofishin Bincike, hukuma ce ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, ta kammala cewa 'yan sanda sun ƙone mutane 2,097 ba bisa ka'ida ba a gundumar Tarn Taran kadai.
Kamar yadda bayanan binciken CBI da Kotun Koli ta nakalto (yana magana ta hanyar Sathasivam J - kamar yadda ubangijinsa yake a lokacin - da kuma Chauhan J a cikin Prithpal Singh v Jihar Punjab) ya kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam da ke aiki a kan satar, kawarwa, da ƙone gawawwakin mutane da ba a Lokacin tashin hankali a Indiya Punjab. Kotun ta lura cewa 'yan sanda suna kawar da matasa a karkashin uzuri na kasancewa' yan tawaye da zubar da jikinsu ba tare da rikodin ba.[2]
Yayinda yake neman wasu abokan aiki da suka ɓace, Khalra ya gano fayiloli daga kamfanin birni na Amritsar wanda ya ƙunshi sunaye, shekaru, da adiresoshin waɗanda 'yan sanda suka kashe kuma daga baya suka ƙone su. Ci gaba da bincike ya nuna shari'o'i a wasu gundumomi 3 a Punjab, yana ƙara jerin da dubban.[3]
Hukumar kare hakkin dan Adam ta kasa ta fitar da jerin sunayen wasu gawarwakin da ‘yan sanda suka kona a gundumomin ‘yan sanda na Amritsar, Majitha, da Tarn Taran tsakanin watan Yuni 1984 zuwa Disamba 1994. Kotun Koli ta Indiya da Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Indiya sun tabbatar da ingancin wannan bayanai.
Jaswant Singh Khalra ya tabbatar da cewa za a iya samun sama da Sikhs 25,000 da jihar ta kashe tare da kona su ba bisa ka'ida ba. Ya zuwa yanzu, iyalan wadanda suka “bace” a lokacin ‘yan tawaye suna jiran tabbatar da makomar ‘yan uwansu da suka bata. Tribune India ta buga jerin sunayen.[4]
Iyali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kakan Khalra, Harnam Singh, mai fafutuka ne a yunkurin Ghadar na neman 'yancin kai na Indiya. Harnam Singh yana daya daga cikin fasinjoji 376 na jirgin, Komagata Maru wanda ya shahara daga Birtaniya-Hong Kong, ta hanyar Shanghai, China, da Yokohama, Japan, zuwa Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, a 1914, dauke da fasinjoji 376 daga Punjab, Birtaniya Indiya. Daga cikinsu, an shigar da 24 a Kanada, amma sauran fasinjoji 352 ba a ba su izinin sauka a Kanada ba, kuma an tilasta wa jirgin komawa Indiya. Harnam Singh, da sauransu, an kama su ne bayan isowarsu kuma an yi masa shari'a a shari'ar makircin Lahore a kan daular Burtaniya kuma daga baya aka tsare shi a Lahore.
Matar Jaswant Singh, Paramjit Kaur Khalra, ta ci gaba da fafutukar mijinta kuma ita kanta fitacciyar mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ce. 'Ya'yan Jaswant Singh biyu Navkiran Kaur da Janmeet Singh 'ya'yansa ne masu rai. 'Yan gidan nasa sun hada da mahaifinsa Kartar Singh, mahaifiyarsa Mukhtar Kaur, 'yan'uwa uku Rajinder Singh Sandhu, Amarjeet Singh Sandhu (dukansu suna zaune a Birtaniya) da Gurdev Singh Sandhu (yana zaune a Austria) da 'yan'uwa mata biyar: Paritam Kaur, Mohinder Kaur, Harjinder Kaur (BeO mai ritaya) Balbir Kaur (mai ritayar shugaban kasa) da kuma Beacher Kaur.
Mutuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 6 ga Satumba 1995, yayin da yake wanke motarsa a gaban gidansa, ma'aikatan 'Yan sanda na Punjab sun sace Khalra kuma suka kai shi ofishin' yan sanda na Jhabal.[5] Kodayake shaidu sun ba da sanarwa da ke nuna cewa 'yan sanda sun nuna cewa Darakta Janar na' yan sanda na Punjab, Kanwar Pal Singh Gill a matsayin mai makirci, 'yan sanda suna musanta kama ko tsare Khalra.[5][6] Bugu da ƙari, 'yan sanda sun yi iƙirarin cewa ba su da masaniya game da inda yake.
A shekara ta 1996, Babban Ofishin Bincike ya sami shaidar cewa an tsare shi a ofishin 'yan sanda a Tarn Taran kuma ya ba da shawarar gurfanar da jami'an' yan sanda tara na Punjab don kisan kai da satar mutane.[5] Wadanda ake zargi da kisansa ba a tuhume su ba har tsawon shekaru goma, kodayake an kashe daya daga cikin wadanda ake zargi, Babban Superintendent na 'yan sanda Ajit Singh Sandhu a shekarar 1997.[7] Koyaya, an shirya kisansa a matsayin kashe kansa.[5] A ranar 18 ga Nuwamba 2005, an yanke wa jami'an 'yan sanda shida na Punjab hukunci. An yanke wa wadanda ake tuhuma biyu, Mataimakin Superintendent Jaspal Singh da Amarjit Singh, hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai da sauran shekaru bakwai a kurkuku saboda sace da kisan Khalra.[8] A ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2007, wani bangare na Babban Kotun Punjab da Haryana, wanda Alkalai Mehtab Singh Gill da A N Jindal suka jagoranta, sun tsawaita hukuncin zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai ga sauran wadanda ake zargi guda huɗu: Satnam Singh, Surinder Pal Singh, Jasbir Singh (duk tsoffin masu binciken) da Prithipal Singh (tsohon shugaban 'yan sanda). [9][10]
A ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 2011, Kotun Koli ta Indiya ta yi watsi da karar da aka shigar kan hukuncin daurin rai da rai ga wadanda ake tuhuma hudu, tare da yin kakkausar suka ga ta'asar da 'yan sandan Punjab suka aikata a lokacin tashin hankali.[11]
Kyauta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Abin Tunawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Majalisar Birnin Fresno ta amince da shawarar sake sunan Victoria Park bayan Jaswant Singh Khalra a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta 2017. [12] Bayan ya gabatar da motsi a gaban Majalisar Birnin, memba na majalisa Oliver Baines ya ce, "Jaswant Singh Khalra na Punjabi / Sikh Community yana kama da Martin Luther King Jr. ga al'umma ta. "[13]
Fim din
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An shirya Fim din Hindi da za a saki a rayuwar Khalra mai suna Panjab '95, tare da Diljit Dosanjh yana nuna Kalra, a watan Fabrairun 2025. [14] Ko da yake an fara kiransa da Ghalughara, ma'ana kisan kiyashi, Hukumar Censor ta tayar da ƙin yarda a kan sashin fim da samarwa, inda ta buƙaci yanke 120 da sabon take. Sai dai an jinkirta fitowar fim din har abada.[15]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Jerin hukuncin kisan kai ba tare da jiki ba
- Jerin shari'o'in mutanen da suka ɓace
Bayanan da aka ambata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "The Valiant – Jaswant Singh Khalra: New Book Launched". Sikh Siyasat News (in Turanci). 2020-10-26. Retrieved 2022-09-06.
- ↑ "khalra custodial death-sc upholds life in jail for Punjab cops". Retrieved 15 November 2015.
- ↑ Kumar, Ram; Singh, Amrik; Agrwaal, Ashok & Kaur, Jaskaran (2003). Reduced To Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab. Kathamandu (Nepal): South Asia Forum for Human Rights. ISBN 99933-53-57-4 "Biography of Khalra, Chapter 1, Reduced to Ashes (pdf, 5 MB)" p.54.
- ↑ "NHRCList". www.tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 2019-05-29.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "A mockery of justice: The case concerning the "disappearance" of human rights defender Jaswant Singh Khalra severely undermined". Amnesty International. 31 March 1998.
- ↑ "K.P.S. Gill visited Khalra in jail, says witness". The Tribune, Chandigarh, India. 17 February 2005.
- ↑ Meenakshi Ganguly (27 September 2005). "Other Screams of Terror". Human Rights Watch.
- ↑ "Punjab Cops Convicted of 1995 Murder of Activist Khalra". Ensaaf. Archived from the original on 23 November 2006. Retrieved 25 January 2007.
- ↑ "Khalra murder case: HC grants life imprisonment to 4 cops - Chandigarh - City - NEWS". The Times of India. 16 October 2007. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ↑ "The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News". Tribuneindia.com. 1995-09-06. Archived from the original on 2008-10-06. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ↑ “Judgement of the Supreme Court of India in C.A Nos. 523 of 2009”[dead link]
- ↑ "California city names park after Sikh human rights advocate". NBC News (in Turanci). 6 September 2017. Retrieved 2019-11-13.
- ↑ "Fresno (CA) City Council To Rename Park After Jaswant Singh Khalra". SikhNet (in Turanci). 4 September 2017. Retrieved 2019-11-13.
- ↑ "Punjab 95: Diljit Dosanjh's Jaswant Singh Khalra biopic to release in February". 13 January 2025. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
- ↑ "Punjab 95 teaser: Diljit Dosanjh plays courageous activist Jaswant Singh Khalra; film to finally release on this date". The Indian Express (in Turanci). 17 January 2025.