Jean Bolikango
 Jean Bolikango | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||
13 ga Faburairu, 1962 - 12 ga Yuli, 1962
9 ga Faburairu, 1961 - 1 ga Augusta, 1961 | |||||
| Rayuwa | |||||
| Haihuwa | Kinshasa, 4 ga Faburairu, 1909 | ||||
| ƙasa | Jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya Kwango | ||||
| Mutuwa |
Liège (en)  , 17 ga Faburairu, 1982 | ||||
| Sana'a | |||||
| Sana'a | ɗan siyasa, marubuci da minista | ||||
| Imani | |||||
| Jam'iyar siyasa | Yunkurin Jama'a na Juyin Juya Halin | ||||
Jean Bolikango, daga baya Bolikango Akpolokaka Gbukulu Nzete Nzube (4 Fabrairu 1909 - 17 Fabrairu 1982), malami ne, marubuci, kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Kongo. Ya yi aiki sau biyu a matsayin mataimakin firaministan Jamhuriyar Kongo (yanzu Jumhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kongo), a watan Satumba na 1960 da kuma daga Fabrairu zuwa Agusta 1962. Da yake jin daɗin farin jini sosai a tsakanin al'ummar Bangala, ya shugabanci jam'iyyar Parti de l'Unité Nationale kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin babban ɗan adawa a majalisar dokoki a farkon shekarun 1960.
Bolikango ya fara aikinsa ne a Kongo Belgian a matsayin malami a makarantun Katolika, kuma ya zama fitaccen memba a cikin al'ummar Kongo a matsayin jagoran wata ƙungiyar al'adu. Ya rubuta wani labari da ya sami lambar yabo kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida kafin ya koma siyasa a ƙarshen 1950s. Ko da yake ya rike babban mukamin sadarwa a gwamnatin mulkin mallaka, ya zama jigo a yunkurin neman 'yancin kai, wanda ya sa ya zama daya daga cikin "uban 'yancin kai" a Kongo. Jamhuriyar Kongo ta sami 'yancin kai a shekara ta 1960 kuma Bolikango ya yi ƙoƙari ya tsara wani tushe na siyasa na ƙasa wanda zai goyi bayan yunkurinsa na samun babban mukami a sabuwar gwamnati. Ya yi nasarar kafa jam'iyyar Parti de l'Unité Nationale kuma ya inganta dunkulewar Kongo da kuma kyakkyawar alaka da Belgium. Ya tsufa fiye da yawancin mutanen zamaninsa kuma yana ba da umarni mai mahimmanci - musamman a tsakanin takwarorinsa na Bangala, ana ganinsa a matsayin "dattijon kasar Kongo". Ko ba haka ba, yunkurinsa na neman mukami a gwamnati ya ci tura, ya zama jigo a jam’iyyar adawa a Majalisar.
Yayin da kasar nan ta fada cikin rikicin cikin gida, gwamnatin farko ta ruguza kuma gwamnatoci daban-daban suka gaje su. Bolikango ya zama mataimakin firaminista a daya daga cikin sabbin gwamnatocin kafin a sake kafa wani bangare na zaman lafiya a shekarar 1961. Ya shiga tsakani tsakanin bangarorin da ke rikici da juna a Kongo, ya kuma sake zama mataimakin firaminista na dan lokaci a shekara ta 1962 kafin ya koma jam'iyyar adawa ta majalisar dokoki. Bayan Joseph-Désiré Mobutu ya karbi mulki a shekara ta 1965, Bolikango ya zama minista a gwamnatinsa. Ba da daɗewa ba Mobutu ya kore shi amma ya nada shi ofishin siyasa na Mouvement Populaire de la Révolution. Bolikango ya bar ofishin ne a shekarar 1970. Ya bar majalisar a 1975 kuma ya mutu bayan shekaru bakwai. Jikansa ya kirkiro gidauniyar Jean Bolikango don tunawa da shi don inganta ci gaban zamantakewa. Shugaban Kongo bayan mutuwarsa ya ba Bolikango lambar yabo a shekara ta 2005 saboda dadewar da ya yi a aikin gwamnati.
Rayuwar farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Jean Bolikango an haife shi a Léopoldville, Belgian Kongo, akan 4 Fabrairu 1909 [1] zuwa dangin Bangala daga lardin Équateur.[2] A cikin 1917 ya shiga Cibiyar St. Ya zama malamin firamare mai lasisi a shekara ta gaba.[3] Bolikango ya koyar a makarantun Scheutist kuma a ƙarshe St. Joseph's Institute har zuwa 1958. Ya ba da umurni ga ɗalibai na 1,300,[4] ciki har da Firayim Minista na gaba Joseph Iléo, Firayim Minista na gaba Cyrille Adoula, Ministan Kudi na gaba Arthur Pinzi, Ministan Harkokin Kasuwanci na gaba Jacques Massa,[5] mai wasan kwaikwayo na gaba Albert Mongita, da kuma Malulana Katolika. A cikin 1946 ya zama shugaban kungiyar des Anciens élèves des pères de Scheut[b] (ADAPÉS), matsayin da ya rike har ya rasu.[6]
A waccan shekarar Bolikango, a matsayin shugaban babban birnin évolués, ya yi aiki tare da ɗan mishan Raphaël de la Kethulle de Ryhove don kafa ƙungiyar des Interets Sociaux Kongolais (UNISCO), ƙungiyar al'adu ta shugabannin ƙungiyoyin Kongo. Sannan ya zama mataimakinsa. Hukumar mulkin mallaka tana kallon ƙungiyar da kyau saboda maƙasudinta ga manufofin zamantakewa na Belgium, kodayake daga baya za ta zama dandalin siyasa na juyin juya hali.[7][8] A cikin 1954 Bolikango ya kafa kuma, na ɗan lokaci, ya yi aiki a matsayin babban shugaban ƙungiyar Liboka Lya Bangala, ƙungiyar ƙabilar Bangala ta farko, wacce ke cikin Léopoldville.[9] A shekara ta 1957 ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin kabilu 48 masu alaƙa kuma tana da mambobi 50,000. Ya rubuta wani littafi a cikin Lingala mai suna Mondjeni-Mobé: Le Hardi, wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta ta'aziyya ga rubuce-rubucen kirkire-kirkire daga taron Nazarin Afirka a Baje kolin Duniya a Ghent a 1948. Ba da da ewa ba Bolikango ya yi abota da Joseph Kasa-Vubu kuma ya dauki nauyin zabensa a matsayin sakatare-janar na ADAPÉS domin shigar da shi UNISCO, ta haka ya kara daukaka matsayinsa na siyasa. Bolikango ya auri wata mace mai suna Claire.[10]
Sana'ar siyasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Imani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bolikango ya girmi mafi yawan mutanen zamaninsa na siyasa kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin “dattijon ƙasar Kongo”. An yi masa lakabi mai ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma "pro-Belgian". Ya ɗauki mawaƙin Senegal kuma ɗan siyasa Léopold Sédar Senghor a matsayin babban tasiri a kan imaninsa. Ya kuma yabawa Félix Houphouët-Boigny na Cote d'Ivoire saboda "hikima da nutsuwa". Kamar sauran mambobi na asali na Kongo, Bolikango ya nemi tsarin kawar da mulkin mallaka a hankali a hankali lokacin da hukumomin Belgium za a yi shawarwari da su cikin lumana. Ya yi imanin cewa ya kamata Kongo ta kasance da haɗin kai ta hanyar da ta dace kuma ta goyi bayan kafa ƙungiyar ƙasashen Afirka.[11]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Mulumba & Makombo 1986
- ↑ LaFontaine 2008, p. 218
- ↑ Bolikango was categorised broadly as a Ngala by the residents of Léopoldville, though his heritage traced more specifically to the Ngombe people of the Lisala region.[3]
- ↑ Monga Monduka, Dieumerci (22 February 2007). "In mémoriam: Jean Bolikango: 25 ans déjà". Digital Congo (in French). Kinshasa: Multimedia Congo s.p.r.l. Archived from the original on 1 December 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
- ↑ LaFontaine 2008, p. 219
- ↑ Association of Former Students of the Fathers of Scheut; an alumni association for Congolese who were educated by Scheut Missionaries
- ↑ LaFontaine 2008, p. 155
- ↑ Kasongo 1998, p. 85
- ↑ Lemarchand 1964, p. 281
- ↑ Ekambo, Jean-Chrétien (21 February 2010). "La Voix du Congolais s'est éteinte". Le Phare (in French). Kinshasa. Archived from the original on 29 September 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
- ↑ Sources disagree over how supportive Bolikango was of federalism. According to the Daily Sun, he thought the Congo should be a united but decentralised country, with a significant amount of authority delegated to the provinces.[27] Conversely, Segal writes that Bolikango was "willing to concede a measure of provincial autonomy" but was "opposed to federation".[28] Nzongola-Ntalaja states that Bolikango was "[i]nitially a unitarist" and "opted for federalism as soon as he failed to gain an important post in Kinshasa, having lost the presidential election to Kasavubu"