Jeanette Schoon
 Jeanette Schoon | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Cikakken suna | Jeanette Eva Curtis |
| Haihuwa | Cape Town, 1949 |
| ƙasa | Afirka ta kudu |
| Mutuwa | 1984 |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Abokiyar zama | Marius Schoon |
| Ahali | Neville Curtis |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | gwagwarmaya |
| Kyaututtuka | |
Jeanette Eva Schoon (née Curtis; 1949 - 28 Yuni 1984) ta kasance Mai fafutukar adawa da nuna wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. Ita da 'yarta, Katryn Schoon, an kashe su da bam ɗin letter bam a watan Yunin 1984 a wani aikin da Ofishin Tsaro na 'Yan sanda na Afirka ta Kudu ya gudanar.
Tsohuwar ɗaliba kuma 'yar gwagwarmaya kuma daga baya memba na African National Congress, an dakatar da Schoon tsakanin shekarun 1976 zuwa 1981. Ta tafi gudun hijira a Botswana da Angola a shekarar 1977 tare da mijinta, tsohon fursunan siyasa Marius Schoon. An kashe ta ne a gidanta da ke Lubango a Angola kuma an yi wa ɗan sanda Craig Williamson afuwa saboda kitsa harin.
Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Schoon a shekara ta 1949 a Cape Town a tsohuwar lardin Cape. [1] An zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar ɗaliban Afirka ta Kudu da ke yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata a shekarar 1972, kuma ta taimaka wajen kafa ofishin ba da shawara ga ma’aikata na lardin Yamma, wanda ya kasance gaba na ƙungiyar ma’aikata ta Janar, a shekarar 1973. [1] Ɗan uwanta, Neville Curtis, shi ma fitaccen ɗan gwagwarmayar ɗalibai ne.[2]
A cikin shekarar 1974, Schoon ta ƙaura zuwa Johannesburg, inda ta kasance mai kafa Ƙungiyar Tallafin Masana'antu kuma memba na kwamitin zartarwa. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai adana kayan tarihi na Cibiyar Hulɗar Race ta Afirka ta Kudu, tana tattara bayanai game da ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago da ƴan kasuwa.[1] Saboda gwagwarmayar ta, an kama Schoon a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 6 na Dokar Ta'addanci a shekarar 1976. An sake ta ba tare da tuhumar ta ba a watan Nuwamba, bayan tsare ta na watanni biyu, amma an yanke mata hukuncin dakatar da ita na tsawon shekaru biyar wanda ya takaita mata harkokin siyasa.[1][3]
Jim kaɗan bayan sakin ta, ta haɗu da Marius Schoon, wani ɗan gwagwarmayar da aka dakatar wanda kwanan nan ya yi zaman kurkuku na tsawon lokaci saboda wani makirci na zagon ƙasa a ƙarƙashin kulawar Umkhonto we Sizwe.[4] Ko da yake umarnin hana su haɗuwa ya zama laifi a gare su, sun yi aure a asirce a shekara ta 1977 a wani gidan abokinsu da ke Johannesburg. Bayan da aka sanar da cewa Marius na shirin sake kama shi, kuma a ƙarƙashin sunan za su je "fikin gudun amarci", sun bar ƙasar a cikin daren, suka tsallaka kan iyaka zuwa Botswana.[4][5]
Ƙaura
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan barin Afirka ta Kudu, Schoon ta yi shekaru uku a matsayin malamar sakandare a Molepolole, Botswana. A cikin watan Satumba na 1981 an ɗauke su aiki a matsayin manyan daraktoci na reshen Botswana na Hukumar Sa-kai ta Duniya, shirin agaji na Birtaniyya da ke Gaborone.[6] A wannan lokacin, sun ci gaba da harkokinsu na siyasa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa a matsayinsu na mambobin jam'iyyar ANC;[1] Schoon ta kasance tana aiki a cikin Ƙungiyar Fasaha ta Medu. Mijin Schoon daga baya ya ce ayyukansu na ANC na siyasa ne kuma ba su shafi shirin soja ba; Ma'auratan kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyu, da 'ya mai suna Katryn da ɗa mai suna Fritz. [1]
A cikin watan Yunin 1983, Schoons sun tsere daga Botswana tare da 'ya'yansu, saboda tsoron harin da jami'an tsaron Afirka ta Kudu za su iya kai musu. Mijin Schoon daga baya ya gaya wa Hilda Bernstein cewa Babban Kwamishinan Biritaniya, a tsakiyar watan Yuni, da kansa ya sanar da su game da shirin kisan gilla kuma ya shawarce su da su bar ƙasar.[6] Sun ƙaura zuwa Lubango, Angola, inda dukansu suka koyar da Turanci a Jami'ar Lubango.[7]
Kisa da kuma bayansa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 28 ga watan Yunin 1984, Schoon da ɗiyarta mai shekaru shida an kashe su a wata letter bomb a gidansu da ke Lubango lokacin da Schoon ta buɗe wani kunshin daga abokin aikin ANC a Botswana.[6] They moved to Lubango, Angola, where they both taught English at the University of Lubango.[7] Mijin Schoon na tafiya zuwa Luanda babban birnin Angola, kuma ɗanta ya tsira daga harin bam ɗin. [4] Bisa buƙatar iyayen Schoon, Jack da Joyce Curtis, an yi bikin tunawa da Schoon a Johannesburg a ƙarƙashin Reverend Peter Storey na Cocin Methodist na Kudancin Afirka; Mijin Schoon da ɗansa, waɗanda har yanzu suna gudun hijira, sun kasa zuwa.
Bayan tashin bam ɗin, Terror Lekota na jam'iyyar United Democratic Front ya shaidawa manema labarai cewa "al'ummar baƙaƙen fata za su ɗauka cewa hannun gwamnatin [Afrika ta Kudu] na nan a wani wuri", lamarin da jam'iyyar ANC ta yi.[7] A cikin shekarar 1995, Craig Williamson, wani tsohon wakilin Reshen Tsaro na 'Yan sandan Afirka ta Kudu, ya amince da kai harin a wata hira da masu sa ido. Ya ce an umurci sashinsa da su kera bam ɗin a cikin kunshin da aka kama, wanda ya dage cewa an aika da shi ga mijin Schoon. [4]
A Hukumar Gaskiya da Sasantawa bayan mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, dangin Schoon sun yi adawa da buƙatar Williamson na yin afuwa. Tare da dangin Ruth Farko - wanda aka kashe ta hanyar letter bam a cikin irin wannan yanayi a cikin shekarar 1982 George Bizos ya wakilta Schoon,[8] wanda ya yi jayayya, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, cewa Williamson yana da dalilin kansa don jin haushin Schoons, wanda ya zarge shi da kasancewa ɗan leƙen asiri a cikin shekarunsa na ɓoye a NUSAS a cikin shekarar 1970s.[9] Duk da haka, an yi wa Williamson afuwa a watan Yuni 2000, tare da Hukumar Gaskiya da Sasantawa ta gano cewa kisan na da nasaba da siyasa. [9]
Girmamawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin watan Afrilu 2014,[10] Shugaba Jacob Zuma ya ba Schoon odar Luthuli a azurfa saboda "tabbatacciyar gudummawar da ta bayar wajen yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata."[1]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "Jeanette Schoon (Posthumous)". The Presidency. Archived from the original on 28 July 2023. Retrieved 2023-07-14. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Former anti-apartheid activist, Curtis dies". IOL. 16 February 2007. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ↑ Byrd, Antawan I. (2020-10-13). The People Shall Govern!: Medu Art Ensemble and the Anti-Apartheid Poster, 1979-1985 (in Turanci). Yale University Press. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-300-25434-1.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Frankel, Glenn (1995-09-17). "Apartheid victims seek justice". Washington Post (in Turanci). ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-07-14.
- ↑ Storey, Peter (2010-09-01). With God in the Crucible: Preaching Costly Discipleship (in Turanci). Abingdon Press. ISBN 978-1-4267-2118-2.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Keniston, Billy (2021-10-02). "No Asylum from Her Majesty: The British FCO and Complicity with Apartheid". South African Historical Journal (in Turanci). 73 (4): 859–877. doi:10.1080/02582473.2022.2031264. ISSN 0258-2473.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Exiled South African anti-apartheid campaigner Jeanette Schoon and her six-year-old daughter were killed". UPI (in Turanci). 29 June 1984. Retrieved 2023-07-14.
- ↑ "Williamson hearing tense and fractious". The Mail & Guardian (in Turanci). 1999-03-05. Retrieved 2023-07-14.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Brittain, Victoria (2000-06-13). "Outrage over amnesty for apartheid killer". The Guardian (in Turanci). ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-07-14.
- ↑ "Caster Semenya to receive bronze Order of Ikhamanga". Sowetan (in Turanci). 17 April 2014. Retrieved 2023-07-14.