Jeanne d'Albret

Jeanne d'Albret
Monarch of Lower Navarre (en) 25 Mayu 1555 - 9 ga Yuni, 1572 ← Henri II of Navarre (en) - Henry IV of France (en) → count of Foix (en) 25 Mayu 1555 - 9 ga Yuni, 1572 ← Henri II of Navarre (en) - Henry IV of France (en) → 12. French co-prince of Andorra (en) 25 Mayu 1555 - 9 ga Yuni, 1572 ← Henri II of Navarre (en) - Henry IV of France (en) →
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Saint-Germain-en-Laye (mul) , 7 ga Janairu, 1528 (Gregorian)
ƙasa	Kingdom of Navarre beyond the Pyrenees (en)
Mutuwa	Faris, 9 ga Yuni, 1572 (Gregorian)
Makwanci	collégiale Saint-Georges de Vendôme (mul)
Yanayin mutuwa	Sababi na ainihi (Tarin fuka)
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi	Henri II of Navarre
Mahaifiya	Margaret of Valois-Angoulême
Abokiyar zama	William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (en)  (14 ga Yuni, 1541 (Gregorian) - Antoine of Navarre (en)  (20 Oktoba 1548 (Gregorian) -  17 Nuwamba, 1562)
Yara	view Henry IV of France (en) Catherine de Bourbon (mul)
Ahali	John of Navarre (en)
Yare	Albret (en) House of Bourbon (en)
Karatu
Harsuna	Faransanci Yaren Sifen Occitan (en) Harshen Latin
Sana'a
Sana'a	ɗan siyasa, maiwaƙe da marubuci
Wurin aiki	Navarre (en)
Imani
Addini	Protestan bangaskiya Reformed Christianity (en)

Jeanne d'Albret ( Spanish  ; Basque : Joana Albretekoa ; Occitan : Joana de Labrit ; 16 Nuwamba 1528 - 9 Yuni 1572), kuma aka sani da Jeanne III, Sarauniyar Navarre ce daga 1555 zuwa 1572.

Jeanne 'yar Henry II ta Navarre ce da Margaret ta Angoulême (kuma 'yar'uwar Francis I ta Faransa ce ). A shekara ta 1541, ta auri William, Duke na Jülich-Cleves-Berg . An soke auren a shekara ta 1545. Jeanne ta sake yin aure a shekara ta 1548, ga Antoine de Bourbon, Duke na Vendôme . Suna da 'ya'ya biyu da suka rage, Henry da Catherine .

Lokacin da mahaifinta ya mutu a shekara ta 1555, Jeanne da Antoine sun hau gadon sarautar Navarrese. Sun yi mulki tare har sai da Antoine ya mutu a shekara ta 1562 sakamakon raunukan da ya samu yayin da yake kewaye Rouen da Furotesta ke rike da shi a lokacin Yaƙin Addini na Faransa .

Bayan ta musulunta zuwa Calvinism a bainar jama'a a shekarar 1560, Jeanne ta zama shugabar ruhaniya da siyasa ta ƙungiyar Huguenot ta Faransa , don haka ta zama muhimmiyar ƙungiya a ɓangaren adawa da mijinta a Yaƙin Addini na Faransa. A lokacin yaƙin farko da na biyu, ta kasance mai tsaka-tsaki, amma a yaƙin na uku ta gudu zuwa La Rochelle, ta zama shugabar birnin da Huguenot ke iko da shi. Bayan ta yi shawarwari kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da uwar sarauniyar Faransa Catherine de Medici tare da shirya auren ɗanta ga 'yar Catherine Marguerite, Jeanne ta mutu ba zato ba tsammani a Paris. Ɗanta, Henry, ya gaje ta a matsayin Henry na Uku na Navarre, sannan daga baya a matsayin Henry na Huɗu na Faransa, sarkin Bourbon na farko na Faransa.

Jeanne ita ce sarauta ta ƙarshe mai aiki a Navarre. Ɗanta ya gaji mulkinta, amma yayin da yake ci gaba da jagorantar sojojin Huguenot, ya damƙa gwamnatin Béarn ga 'yar uwarsa, Catherine, wacce ke riƙe da mulkin fiye da shekaru ashirin. A shekara ta 1620, jikan Jeanne Louis XIII ya haɗa Navarre da masarautar Faransa.

Shekarun farko da auren farko

An haifi Jeanne a fadar sarauta ta Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Faransa, da ƙarfe biyar na yamma a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 1528, 'yar Henry II, Sarkin Navarre, ta hannun matarsa Marguerite ta Angoulême . Mahaifiyarta, 'yar Louise ta Savoy da Charles, Count of Angoulême, 'yar'uwar Francis I ta Faransa ce kuma a da ta auri Charles na IV, Duke na Alençon . Ita ma marubuciya ce mai wasu baiwa.

An sanar da haihuwar Jeanne a hukumance a ranar 7 ga Janairu mai zuwa, lokacin da Sarki Francis ya ba da izinin ƙara sabon ubangida a duk biranen da akwai ƙungiyoyi masu haɗin gwiwa "don girmama haihuwar Jeanne de Navarre, 'yar'uwar sarki". Tun tana da shekaru biyu, kamar yadda wasiyyar kawunta Sarki Francis wanda ya karɓi iliminta ta kasance, Jeanne ta girma a Château de Plessis-lèz-Tours a cikin Loire Valley ( Touraine ), don haka tana zaune ba tare da iyayenta ba. Ta sami ilimi mai kyau a ƙarƙashin kulawar ɗan adam Nicolas Bourbon .

An kwatanta ta a matsayin "gimbiya mai son banza da kuma son kai", tun tana ƙarama, ta nuna halin taurin kai da rashin biyayya. [1] Sarki Charles na Biyar na Romawa ya ba da shawarar a auri ɗansa kuma magajinsa, Philip, don daidaita matsayin Masarautar Navarre. [1] A ranar 13 ga Yuni 1541, lokacin da Jeanne ke da shekaru 12, Francis na I, saboda dalilai na siyasa, ya tilasta mata auren William "Mawadaci", Duke na Jülich-Cleves-Berg, [1] wanda ɗan'uwan Anne na Cleves ne, matar Henry na VIII na Ingila ta huɗu. Duk da cewa an buge ta da biyayya, [1] duk da haka ta ci gaba da zanga-zanga kuma dole ne ɗan sanda na Faransa, Anne de Montmorency, ya kai ta gawarta zuwa bagadin. [1] Bayanin bayyanar Jeanne a bikin aurenta ya nuna cewa tana da kayan ado masu kyau, sanye da kambin zinare, siket na azurfa da zinariya da aka lulluɓe da duwatsu masu daraja, da kuma alkyabbar satin ja mai launin ja da aka yi wa ado da ermine. [1] Kafin aurenta, Jeanne ta sanya hannu kan takardu guda biyu waɗanda jami'an gidanta suka sanya wa hannu, tana mai cewa: "Ni, Jeanne de Navarre, ina ci gaba da zanga-zangar da na riga na yi, ina sake tabbatarwa da kuma nuna rashin amincewa da waɗanda suka halarta, cewa auren da ake son a yi tsakanin duke na Cleves da ni, ba na so ba ne; cewa ban taɓa yarda da shi ba, kuma ba zan yarda ba..."

Shekaru huɗu bayan haka, bayan da Duke ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya da Charles V don kawo ƙarshen kawancensa da Faransa a madadin Duchy of Guelders, an soke auren bisa dalilin cewa ba a gama shi ba kuma dole ne a yi wa Jeanne auren dole ba tare da son ranta ba. Ta ci gaba da zama a fadar sarki.

Aure na biyu

Bayan mutuwar Francis a shekara ta 1547 da kuma hawan Henry na biyu kan karagar mulkin Faransa, Jeanne ta auri Antoine de Bourbon, " babban yarima na jini ", a Moulins a Bourbonnais a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1548. An yi niyyar auren ne don haɗa yankunan da ke arewa da kudancin Faransa.

Marubuci Mark Strage ya bayyana auren Jeanne da Antoine a matsayin "abin sha'awa". Wani mai zamani da Jeanne ya ce game da ita cewa ta yi