Jefe Aisha Ibrahim Duhulow
 Jefe Aisha Ibrahim Duhulow | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 1994 |
| Mutuwa |
Kismayo (en)  , 27 Oktoba 2008 |
| Yanayin mutuwa | (Kashewa da duwatsu) |
| Sana'a | |
Jefe Aisha Ibrahim Duhulow wani kisan gilla ne da kungiyar 'yan tawaye ta Al-Shabaab ta yi a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 2008 a kudancin garin tashar jiragen ruwa na Kismayo, Somaliya . Mahaifin Duhulow da kawunta sun bayyana cewa yarinya ce mai shekaru 13 kuma an kama ta kuma an jajjefe ta da duwatsu bayan ta yi ƙoƙarin bayar da rahoton cewa an yi mata fyade. Rahotanni na farko sun bayyana cewa Duhulow mace ce mai shekaru 23 da aka same ta da laifin zina; duk da haka, ta kasance a ƙarƙashin shekarun cancantar aure. An kashe shi ne a filin wasa na jama'a wanda kusan mutane 1,000 suka halarta, da yawa daga cikinsu sun yi ƙoƙari su shiga tsakani amma 'yan ta'adda suka harbe su.[1][2]
A cewar Amnesty International, Al-Shabaab ta zargi Duhulow da zina.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 1991, gwamnatin shugaban kasar Somalia na lokacin Siad Barre ta hambarar da ita ta hanyar hadin gwiwar kungiyoyi masu dauke da makamai. Ƙungiyar Kotun Musulunci (ICU) ta mallaki kudancin rabin Somaliya a shekara ta 2006, ta sanya dokar Shari'a. A shekara ta 2006, Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Musamman (TFG) da taimakon sojojin Habasha sun sake kama babban birnin Mogadishu, galibi sun kori shugabannin ICU daga kasar. Al-Shabaab, reshen matasa na 'yan bindiga na ICU, daga baya ya zauna a baya don yaƙi da TFG da sojojin Habasha.[3][4] A shekara ta 2008, Amurka ta sanya kungiyar a matsayin kungiyar ta'addanci, wacce ta kaddamar da hare-haren makamai masu linzami a kan 'yan ta'adda a farkon shekarar. Dubban fararen hula ne 'yan ta'adda suka kashe su a lokacin tashin hankali tsakanin Disamba 2006 da Oktoba 2008. A cikin watanni da suka kai ga kisan Duhulow, Al-Shabaab ya sami ƙarfi, yayin da ya kwace iko da Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kismayo, ya rufe Filin jirgin saman Aden Adde na Mogadishu, kuma ya rushe hanyoyin da ke goyon bayan gwamnati.[3]
Abin da ya faru
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duhulow da iyalinta sun koma kudancin garin Kismayo, Somalia daga sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Hagardeer a Dadaab, Kenya a watan Yulin 2008. [5] [6] A cewar daya daga cikin malamanta, Muno Mohamed Osman, wacce ta koyar da Duhulow na 'yan watanni kuma ba ta tuna da ita da kyau ba, ta yi gwagwarmaya a lokacin aji kuma "ba ta da hankali[...] Kullum tana cikin matsala tare da dalibai, malamai[...] Ita yarinya ce kawai. "Watanni uku bayan isowarta Kismayo, an ruwaito Duhulow da mutane uku masu dauke da makamai yayin da take tafiya da ƙafa don ziyartar kakarta a Mogadishu a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2008.[6][5][7] Kakanta ta kai ta ofishin 'yan sanda don bayar da rahoton lamarin ga' yan bindiga na Al-Shabaab a Kismayo, wanda a lokacin ke kula da tsarin kotun birnin. An nemi su koma tashar bayan 'yan kwanaki, bayan an gaya musu cewa an kama mutane biyu da ake zargi. Daga baya 'yan tawaye suka kama Duhulow a karkashin zargin cewa ta "yi magana" da maza kuma ta yi zina.[7] Daga nan aka yanke mata hukuncin kisa ta hanyar jajjefewa. Kotun masu tayar da kayar baya ta tabbatar da cewa Duhulow ta zo wurin tare da yarda da laifi, kuma an nemi ta akai-akai ta sake la'akari da ikirarin ta amma a maimakon haka ta nace cewa tana son a yi amfani da dokar Shari'a da hukuncin da ke tattare da ita. Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan ta'adda, Sheik Hayakalah, ta bayyana cewa "shaidar ta fito ne daga gefen ta kuma ta tabbatar da laifinta a hukumance[...] Ta gaya mana cewa tana farin ciki da hukuncin da aka yi a ƙarƙashin dokar Islama. " Babu wani yunkuri da kungiyar masu tayar da kayar baya ta yi don kama wadanda ake zargin Duhulow ya kai hari. [8][9]
Kashewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 27 ga Oktoba 2008, da rana, 'yan ta'adda da yawa sun kai Duhulow zuwa filin wasa na jama'a a Kismayo wanda ke dauke da kusan mutane 1,000.[9] An ruwaito cewa ta yi gwagwarmaya da masu tayar da kayar baya kuma a wani lokaci ta yi ihu, "Me kuke so daga gare ni[...] Ba zan tafi ba, Ba zan tafi. Kada ku kashe ni. " [10] 'Yan bindiga huɗu daga baya sun tilasta Duhulow cikin rami, sun binne ta har zuwa wuyanta. [9] Kimanin 'yan bindiga 50 ne suka shiga cikin kisan da ya biyo baya, suna jefa duwatsu a kanta.[11] A cewar shaidu, an umarci ma'aikatan jinya da su tabbatar da ko Duhulow yana da rai.[9][12] Bayan minti goma, an tono ta daga cikin rami kuma ma'aikatan jinya biyu sun tabbatar da cewa har yanzu tana da rai, bayan haka aka mayar da Duhulow cikin rami kuma an sake fashewa. Kodayake shaidu da yawa a taron sun ji tsoron mayakan da ke dauke da makamai don shiga tsakani, masu kallo da yawa sun yi ƙoƙari su cece ta. Masu tayar da kayar baya sun amsa ta hanyar bude wuta a kansu, a cikin aiwatar da kashe wani yaro mai shekaru takwas. [9][2] Wani mai magana da yawun Al-Shabaab daga baya ya nemi gafara saboda mutuwar dan shekara takwas, kuma ya yi alkawarin cewa za a hukunta mai harbi.[2]
Tasirin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008, Nada Ali na Human Rights Watch (HWR) ya ambaci Duhulow a matsayin misali na mata a sassan kudancin tsakiyar Somalia waɗanda a lokacin suna ƙarƙashin ikon masu tayar da kayar baya waɗanda ba su da wata matsala ga gwaji mai kyau da sabis na kiwon lafiya. Ta bayyana cewa, "Mutuwar Aisha mai ban tsoro na iya hana wadanda aka yi wa fyade bayar da rahoton fyade ko neman adalci daga masu tayar da kayar baya na Islama. " Ali ya kuma bukaci Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ta kafa kwamiti na bincike na kasa da kasa don bincika mafi munin laifuka da aka ruwaito a kan fararen hula a lokacin rikici.
Jaridar CBC Debi Goodwin ta rubuta, "Ga duniya, Aisha ta zama alama ce ta haɗarin tsattsauran ra'ayi". A ranar 27 ga Oktoba 2010, kungiyar Amnesty ta Newcastle ta gudanar da "Littafin Tunawa na Shekara 2 don tunawa da ranar tunawa da mutuwar Duhulow. [6][13] A wannan shekarar, Mataimakin Farfesa Susanne Scholtz ya keɓe littafinta, Mai Tsarki Shaida: Rape in the Hebrew Bible (2010), ga kawunta, wadanda aka yi wa fyade a Kongo, da Duhulow, suna cewa, "Ina girmama Aisha da abin da ta jimre a rayuwarta ta ƙuruciya".[14]
Martani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Al-Shabaab
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kungiyar Al-Shabaab ta hana 'yan jarida daukar hoton hukuncin kisan da duwatsu, amma ta bar su su rubuta labarin.[1] Mayakan sun fara bayyanawa cewa matar da aka kashe ta amsa laifin zina. Shaidun gani da ido da 'yan jarida na cikin gida sun kimanta shekarunta a matsayin 23 dangane da kamanninta.[2][12] Bayan kwana kadan, Amnesty International ta bayyana cewa mahaifin Duhulow ya gaya musu cewa yarinyar nada shekaru 13 kawai, ba ta kai shekarun aure ba, kuma an kama ta ne da kashe ta bayan ta yi kokarin kai rahoton cewa an yi mata fyade.[1][12] Kawarta, wadda ta raka ta wurin 'yan sanda don kai rahoton cin zarafin, ta tabbatar da maganar mahaifin dangane da shekarunta.[15] Wani mai fafutuka kan hakkin dan adam da ke yankin ya sanar da BBC News cewa ya karbi barazanar kisa daga Al-Shabaab saboda an ce ya yada jita-jita game da lamarin. Duk da haka, ya musanta alaka da bayanan da Amnesty International ta fitar.[1]
Kungiyoyin kasa da kasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wasu kungiyoyi na kasa da kasa sun bayyana martaninsu bayan faruwar lamarin da ya shafi Duhulow:
- David Copeman, mai kula da kamfen Somalia na Amnesty International, ya ce, "Wannan ba shari'a ba ce, ba hukunci ba ne. Wata yarinya ta sha wahala sosai a hannun kungiyoyin adawa da makamai da ke da iko da Kismayo. Wannan kisar wani cin zarafin dan adam ne da aka sake aikatawa, kuma yana nuna muhimmancin daukar matakin kasa da kasa don bincike da rubuta irin wadannan cin zarafi."[2]
- Christian Balslev-Olesen, Wakilin UNICEF a Somalia, ya ce game da kisan, "Wannan lamari ne mai tayar da hankali. Wata yarinya ta fuskanci zalunci sau biyu — na farko daga masu fyade sannan kuma daga wadanda suka zartar da hukuncin."[16] UNICEF ta bayyana lamarin a matsayin misali na yadda mata ke cikin hadari a yankunan Somalia da suka tsinci kansu cikin rikici a lokacin.
- Radhika Coomaraswamy, Babban Sakatare na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma Wakili ta Musamman kan Yara da Rikice-Rikicen Makamai, ta ce, "Lamarin yana nuna tsanani da ake yi wa yara da mata a Somalia wanda rashin tsaro ya kara haddasa. Al'umma ta kasa da kasa da hukumomin cikin gida su dauki mataki don dakatar da irin wannan cin zarafi da kuma kare yara yadda ya kamata. Kada a yi kasa a gwiwa."[17]
- Kampeni na Duniya don Dakatar da Kashe da Jefa Mata da Duwatsu ta fitar da jawabi tana kira ga mutane su "rubuta wasika ga wakilan Somalia, Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka, da wasu ofisoshin hakkin dan adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don su dauki mataki ta hanyar bincike, gurfanar da masu laifi, da bayyana kin jinin abin da 'yan tawaye suka aikata".[18]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Stoning victim 'begged for mercy'". BBC News. November 4, 2008. Archived from the original on 2013-09-07. Retrieved September 3, 2013.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
"Somalia: Girl stoned was a child of 13". Amnesty International. October 31, 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-11-09. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedAJ - ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Rape Victim Stoned to Death in Somalia Was 13, U.N. Says". New York Times. November 4, 2008. Archived from the original on 2013-09-10. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Goodwin 2011.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Benson & Stangroom 2009.
- ↑ "Girl, 13, stoned to death in Somalia as 1,000 watch; charged with adultery after rape". New York Daily News. November 1, 2008. Archived from the original on 2013-09-29. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4
Howden, Daniel (November 9, 2008). "'Don't kill me,' she screamed. Then they stoned her to death". 7=The Independent. Archived from the original on 2013-09-01. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedBBC - ↑ Pollitt, Katha (March 9, 2010). "The Nation: US Ranks 31 In The Global Gender Gap". NPR. Archived from the original on 2013-09-26. Retrieved September 6, 2013.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2
McGreal, Chris (November 2, 2008). "Somalian rape victim, 13, stoned to death". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2013-09-04. Retrieved September 3, 2013.
Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "McGreal" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Dickinson 2012.
- ↑ Scholz 2010.
- ↑ Benson & Stangroom 2009, p. 173.
- ↑ "Somalia: UNICEF ta yi Allah wadai da kisan yarinya 'yar shekara 13 da duwatsu bayan fyade". UN News Center. November 4, 2008. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
- ↑ "Budurwar da aka kashe da duwatsu a Somalia ba mazinaciya ba ce — yarinya ce karama". Afrol. November 7, 2008. Archived from the original on 2013-10-22. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
- ↑ Rodriguez, Julie (November 20, 2008). "An kashe budurwa 'yar Somalia bayan fyade; Mata masu nakasa na fuskantar karin barazana". FNews Magazine. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved September 3, 2013.
Bibiyar tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Benson, Ophelia; Stangroom, Jeremy (2009). Does God Hate Women?. Continuum. ISBN 978-0826498267.
- Dickinson, Rob (2012). Examining Critical Perspectives on Human Rights. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107006935.
- Goodwin, Debbie (2011). Citizens of Nowhere: From Refugee Camp to Canadian Campus. Random House. ISBN 978-0385667234.
- Scholz, Susanne (2010). Sacred Witness: Rape in the Hebrew Bible. Fortress Press. ISBN 978-1451423754.
Ƙara karatu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Harmon, Christopher; Pratt, Andrew; Gorka, Sebastian (2010). Toward a Grand Strategy Against Terrorism. McGraw Hill Professional. p. 4. ISBN 978-0073527796.
- Niose, David (2012). Nonbeliever Nation: The Rise of Secular Americans. Macmillan. ISBN 978-1137055286.
- United States Senate (2008). Congressional Record, Volume 154 Part 18. Government Printing Office. p. 24,357. ISBN 9780160732300.
- Willems, Jan C.M. (2010). Children's rights and human development: a multidisciplinary reader. Intersentia. pp. 71–72. ISBN 978-9400000322.