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Jerin bangarorin Yarjejeniyar Paris

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Jerin bangarorin Yarjejeniyar Paris
jerin maƙaloli na Wikimedia
da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar Paris Jam'iyyu da suka sanya hannu Jam'iyyuu da Tarayyar Turai ta rufe   

Yarjejeniyar Paris yarjejeniya ce a cikin Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC) da ke hulɗa da Rage fitar da iskar gas, daidaitawa da kuɗi tun daga shekarar 2020. Yarjejeniyar tana da niyyar amsawa ga barazanar canjin yanayi ta duniya ta hanyar kiyaye hauhawar zafin jiki na duniya a wannan karni a ƙasa da digiri 2 na Celsius sama da matakan masana'antu da kuma neman kokarin iyakance karuwar zafin jiki har ma da digiri 1.5 na Celsius.

Tarihi

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Wakilan jam'iyyun 197 ne suka tattauna harshe na yarjejeniyar a taron 21st na jam'iyyu na UNFCCC a Paris kuma an amince da shi ta hanyar yarjejeniya a ranar 12 ga Disamba 2015. [1] [2] Yarjejeniyar ta buɗe don sanya hannu ta Jihohi da kungiyoyin hadin kan tattalin arziki na yanki waɗanda suke bangarorin UNFCCC (Kwamitin) daga 22 ga Afrilu 2016 zuwa 21 ga Afrilu 2017 a hedkwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a New York . Yarjejeniyar ta bayyana cewa za ta fara aiki (kuma ta haka ne ya zama cikakke) ne kawai idan kasashe 55 da ke samar da akalla kashi 55% na hayakin gas na duniya (bisa ga jerin da aka samar a shekarar 2015) sun tabbatar, karɓa, amincewa ko shiga yarjejeniyar. [3][4] A ranar 1 ga Afrilu 2016, Amurka da China, wadanda tare suke wakiltar kusan kashi 40% na hayaki na duniya, sun fitar da wata sanarwa ta hadin gwiwa da ke tabbatar da cewa kasashen biyu za su sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Yanayi ta Paris. [5] 175 jam'iyyun (jihohi 174 da Tarayyar Turai) sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar a ranar farko da aka bude don sanya hannu. [6][7] A wannan rana, kasashe sama da 20 sun fitar da wata sanarwa game da niyyar su shiga nan da nan tare da fatan shiga a cikin 2016. Tare da tabbatarwa da Tarayyar Turai, Yarjejeniyar ta sami isasshen jam'iyyun da za su fara aiki a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2016.

Jam'iyyun

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Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2, jihohi 194 da EU, wadanda ke wakiltar sama da kashi 98% na hayakin gas na duniya, sun tabbatar ko kuma sun shiga Yarjejeniyar, gami da China da Amurka, ƙasashen da ke da hayakin CO2 na farko da na biyu mafi girma tsakanin Mambobin UNFCCC. [8] [9] Sauran jihohi uku sun sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar amma ba su tabbatar da ita ba. Dukkanin mambobi 198 na UNFCCC sun sanya hannu ko kuma sun shiga Yarjejeniyar Paris.

Tarayyar Turai da kasashe membobinta

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Dukkanin Tarayyar Turai da kasashe membobinta suna da alhakin tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Paris. An bayar da rahoton fifiko mai karfi cewa Tarayyar Turai da kasashe 28 membobinta sun ajiye kayan aikin tabbatar da su a lokaci guda don tabbatar da cewa ba Tarayyar Tarayyar EU ko kasashe membobinta ba su shiga cikin cika wajibai da ke cikin ɗayan ba, [10] kuma akwai tsoron cewa rashin jituwa game da rabon kowace memba na manufar ragewa ta EU, da kuma kuri'ar Burtaniya don barin EU na iya jinkirta yarjejeniyar Paris. [11] Koyaya, Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ta amince da tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Paris a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2016, kuma Tarayyar Tarayyar ta ajiye kayan aikinta na tabbatarwa a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 2016, tare da kasashe membobin EU da yawa. [11][12]

Yankunan da ke cikin ƙasa

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Wasu yankuna na jam'iyyun da ke cikin ƙasa suna ƙarƙashin warewar yanki daga jiharsu mai zaman kanta wacce ke cikin Yarjejeniyar. Jam'iyyar za ta iya tsawaita tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar zuwa yankin da aka ambata. Duk da yake Burtaniya ba ta yi wata sanarwa ba a kan tabbatarwa, ta yi haka a cikin Sadarwar Kasa, ta ƙarshe a cikin NC ta 8 a cikin 2022. Ba a ambaci Yankin Tekun Indiya na Burtaniya da aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin wanda aka cire shi ba.

Jam'iyyar Yankin Ranar da aka ware shi Ranar Amincewa Ranar shigarwa
 Denmark Daular Denmark 2016-11-01 2024-07-02 [13] N/A
 Netherlands Aruba (en) Fassara 2022-04-16 2016-04-22 (sanya hannu, ba a tabbatar da shi ba)
N/A
 Netherlands Holand 2022-04-16 N/A N/A
 Netherlands Kingdom of the Netherlands (en) Fassara 2022-04-16[14] N/A N/A
 Netherlands Kingdom of the Netherlands (en) Fassara 2022-04-16[14] N/A N/A
 New Zealand Sabuwar Zelandiya  2016-10-04 2017-11-13 N/A
 UK Birtaniya N/A N/A N/A
 UK  Bermuda N/A N/A N/A
 UK Birtaniya N/A N/A N/A
 UK Birtaniya N/A N/A N/A
 UK Birtaniya N/A N/A N/A
 UK Isle of Man N/A 2023-03-22 N/A
 UK Birtaniya N/A 2022-10-03 N/A
 UK Guernsey N/A 2022-04-29 N/A
 UK Birtaniya N/A 2023-12-06 N/A
 UK Birtaniya N/A N/A N/A
 UK Birtaniya N/A N/A N/A
 UK Saint Helena, Ascension da Tristan da Cunha N/A N/A N/A
 UK Birtaniya N/A N/A N/A
 UK Yankunan Babban Birni na Akrotiri da DhekeliaBirtaniya N/A N/A N/A
 UK Birtaniya N/A N/A N/A

Fitar da Yarjejeniyar

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Mataki na 28 na yarjejeniyar yana bawa bangarorin damar janyewa daga yarjejeniyar bayan aika da sanarwar janyewa ga mai ajiya, amma ba za a iya ba da sanarwa ba kafin shekaru uku bayan yarjejeniyar ta fara aiki ga kasar. Cirewa yana da tasiri shekara guda bayan an sanar da mai ajiya. A madadin haka, Yarjejeniyar ta tanadi cewa janyewa daga UNFCCC, wanda aka amince da Yarjejeniyar Paris, zai kuma janye jihar daga Yarjejeniyar París. Sharuɗɗan janyewa daga UNFCCC iri ɗaya ne da Yarjejeniyar Paris. A cikin yarjejeniyar ba a bayyana tanadi don rashin bin doka ba.

A ranar 1 ga Yuni 2017, Shugaban Amurka na lokacin Donald Trump ya ba da sanarwar cewa Amurka za ta janye daga yarjejeniyar. Tun lokacin da yarjejeniyar ta fara aiki a Amurka a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2016, ranar da ta fi dacewa za ta iya sanar da niyyar janyewa ita ce 4 ga Nuwambar 2019. Idan ya zaɓi ya janye ta hanyar janyewa daga sanarwar UNFCCC za a iya ba da shi nan da nan, tun lokacin da UNFCCc ta fara aiki ga Amurka a 1994. A lokuta biyu, janyewa zai kasance mai tasiri bayan shekara guda. Dangane da wata sanarwa da HuffPost ta samu wanda aka yi imanin cewa ofishin lauya na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ne ya rubuta shi, duk wani "ƙoƙarin janyewa daga Yarjejeniyar Paris a waje da tanadin janyewar da aka bayyana a sama ba zai dace da dokar kasa da kasa ba kuma ba za a karɓa a duniya ba. " A ranar 4 ga watan Agusta, 2017, gwamnatin Trump ta ba da sanarwa ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya cewa Amurka ta yi niyyar janye daga Yarjejeniya da zaran ta cancanci yin hakan. [15][16] A ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2019, Amurka ta sanar da mai ajiya game da janyewarta daga yarjejeniyar, wanda ya zama mai tasiri bayan shekara guda.

A daya daga cikin ayyukansa na farko na zartarwa, Shugaba Joe Biden ya sanya hannu kan umarni ga Amurka ta sake shiga yarjejeniyar.[17][18] Shugaban Faransa Emmanuel Macron ya gaishe Joe Biden da "Barka da dawowa zuwa Yarjejeniyar Paris!". [19] A ranar 20 ga watan Janairun 2025, jim kadan bayan rantsar da shi na biyu, Shugaba Trump ya sanya hannu kan umarnin zartarwa mai taken "Sanya Amurka ta farko a cikin Yarjejeniyar Muhalli ta Duniya", don janye Amurka daga yarjejeniyar a karo na biyu.

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  2. ↑ "Paris climate talks: France releases 'ambitious, balanced' draft agreement at COP21". ABC Australia. 12 December 2015.
  3. ↑ "Information provided in accordance with paragraph 104 of decision 1 CP21 related to entry into force of the Paris Agreement (Article 21)" (PDF). UNFCCC. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
  4. ↑ "Historic Paris Agreement on Climate Change - 195 Nations Set Path to Keep Temperature Rise Well Below 2 Degrees Celsius". UN Climate Change Newsroom. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 12 December 2015. Archived from the original on 17 January 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  5. ↑ McGrath, Matt (31 March 2016). "Paris Climate Treaty: 'Significant step' as US and China agree to sign". Bbc.com. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
  6. ↑ "'Today is an historic day,' says Ban, as 175 countries sign Paris climate accord". United Nations. 22 April 2016.
  7. ↑ "PARIS AGREEMENT Signature Ceremony" (PDF). UNFCCC. 22 April 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  8. ↑ "Paris Agreement". United Nations Treaty Collection. 8 July 2016.
  9. ↑ "India Ratifies Landmark Paris Climate Deal, Says, 'Kept Our Promise'". Retrieved 2 October 2016.
  10. ↑ Yeo, Sophie (23 June 2016). "Explainer: When will the European Union ratify the Paris Agreement?". Retrieved 3 September 2016.
  11. 1 2 Schiermeier, Quirin (4 October 2016). "Paris climate deal to take effect as EU ratifies accord". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2016.20735. S2CID 158043198. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
  12. ↑ "Paris Agreement to enter into force as EU agrees ratification". European Commission. 4 October 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
  13. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named treaties.un.org
  14. 1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ReferenceA
  15. ↑ "Paris Agreement: Overview of Legal Issues". Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  16. ↑ "Reference: C.N.464.2017.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d (Depositary Notification)" (PDF). United Nations. 2017-08-08. Retrieved 2017-08-14.
  17. ↑ Newburger, Emma (20 January 2021). "President Joe Biden rejoins the Paris climate accord in first move to tackle global warming". CNBC.
  18. ↑ Whitehouse, The (20 January 2021). "Paris Climate Agreement". White House.
  19. ↑ Choi, Joseph (2021-01-20). "Macron to Biden and Harris: 'Welcome back to the Paris Agreement!'". TheHill (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-02-21.
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