Jerin girgizar ƙasa

Jerin girgizar ƙasa
Jerin girgizar ƙasa
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girgizar kasa na faruwa ne ta hanyar motsin da kasa keyi a cikin ɓawon ƙasa da rigar saman. Sun bambanta daga raunin da ya faru ta hanyar seismometer kawai, zuwa abubuwan da suka faru na kwatsam da tashin hankali da suka ɗauki mintuna masu yawa waɗanda suka haifar da wasu manyan bala'o'i a tarihin ɗan adam. A ƙasa, an jera girgizar ƙasa ta lokaci, yanki ko ƙasa, shekara, girma, farashi, asarar rayuka, da adadin binciken kimiyya.

Girgizar ƙasa mafi muni

Mai zuwa shine taƙaitaccen jerin girgizar ƙasa tare da mutuwar kusan 100,000.[ Kila girgizar Ardabil ta 893 ta yi daidai da girgizar kasar Dvin ta 893, saboda kuskuren karanta kalmar Larabci na Dvin, "Dabil" a matsayin "Ardabil".^[1] ^[2]

Abin da ya faru	Ranar	Wurin da yake	Fatal- Jiki:a cikin gida	Magni- Jiki:tude	Bayani game da mutuwar
Girgizar kasa ta 1976 a Tangshan	July 28, 1976	Hebei, kasar Sin	300,000+^[3]	7.6	Rahotanni na Tangshan na ciki sun gano mutuwar gida 263,299. Mutuwar hukuma a duk fadin kasar ta bayyana cewa ta kai 242,769. Masana sun kiyasta >300,000.
1920 Girgizar ƙasa ta Haiyuan	December 16, 1920	Ningxia-Gansu, kasar Sin	273,400	7.8	Adadin wadanda suka mutu a baya ya kai 230,000 kuma an sake fasalin wannan adadi a cikin 2010.^[4]^[5]
Girgizar kasa ta 526 a Antakiya	May 21, 526	Antakiya, Daular Byzantine (Turkiyya ta zamani)	250,000^[6]	7.0^[7]	Procopius (II.14.6), tushen tushen Yahaya na Afisa.
1139 Girgizar kasa ta Ganja	September 30, 1139	Azerbaijan" id="mwfg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ganja, Azerbaijan">Ganja, Daular Seljuk (Azerbaijan ta zamani)	230,000–300,000^[8]	7.0 M	Yawan mutuwar na iya zama rikice-rikice na tarihi tare da girgizar ƙasa a watan Nuwamba 1137 a Filin Jazira da girgijen ƙasa na Aleppo na 1138. ^[9]
Girgizar kasa da tsunami ta Tekun Indiya ta 2004	December 26, 2004	Sumatra, Indonesia	227,898	9.2	Adadin wadanda suka mutu sun hada da wadanda suka bace da wadanda ake zaton sun mutu.^[8]
1303 Girgizar ƙasa ta Hongdong	July 25, 1303	Shanxi, Daular Yuan (China ta zamani)	200,000^[10]	8.0
Girgizar ƙasa ta Damghan 856	December 22, 856	Damghan, Khalifancin Abbasid (Iran na zamani)	200,000	7.9 MsM<sub id="mwvg">s</sub>.
1138 Girgizar ƙasa ta Aleppo	October 11, 1138	Aleppo, Daular Seljuk (Siriya ta zamani)	130,000–230,000^[11]	7.1^[11]	Adadin mutane 230,000 da suka mutu ya dogara ne akan tarihin wannan girgizar kasa tare da girgizar ƙasa a watan Nuwamba 1137 a Filin Jazira da girgijen Ganja na 1139 a birnin Ganja na Azerbaijan. Abu na farko da aka ambaci adadin mutuwar 230,000 shine daga Ibn Taghribirdi a karni na goma sha biyar.
533 Girgizar ƙasa ta Aleppo	November 29, 533	Aleppo, Daular Byzantine (Siriya ta zamani)	130,000^[12]	Ba a sani ba
Girgizar kasa ta 1948 a Ashgabat	October 6, 1948	Ashgabat, Turkmen SSR (Turkmenistan na zamani)	110,000	7.3 Ms	Adadin wadanda suka mutu a baya ya kai 10,000 har sai da aka fitar da labarai a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 1988, ya ba da shawarar cewa adadin wadanda suka mutu daidai ya kai 110,000.^[8]
1923 Babban girgizar kasa ta Kantō	September 1, 1923	Yankin Kantō, Japan	105,385^[13]	7.9	Kimanin wadanda suka mutu ya kasance daga 100,000 zuwa 142,800, adadi na ƙarshe ciki har da 40,000 da suka ɓace daga baya an ɗauka sun mutu.
1556 Girgizar kasa ta Shaanxi	January 23, 1556	Shaanxi, kasar Sin	100,000	8.0	Mutuwa kai tsaye da ake zaton sun fi 100,000 yayin da kimanin mutane 730,000 suka mutu daga yunwa ko suka yi ƙaura zuwa wasu wurare.^[14]
Girgizar ƙasa ta 2010 a Haiti	January 12, 2010	Haiti	46,000–316,000	7.0	Kimanin ya bambanta daga 316,000 (gwamnatin Haiti) zuwa 222,570 (kimanin UN OCHA) zuwa 158,000 (Medicine, Conflict and Survival) zuwa tsakanin 46,000 da 85,000 (ra'adin da USAID ta ba da umarni).
Girgizar ƙasa ta 1290 Zhili	September 27, 1290	Ningcheng, Daular Yuan (China ta zamani)	7,000–100,000	6.8 M	Kimanin kuma yana ba da shawarar ƙarancin ƙimar akalla 7,000.^[15]

Girgizar ƙasa mafi muni ta shekara tun 1920

Date	Magnitude	Location	Depth (km)	MMI	Deaths	Notes
December 16, 1920	7.9	China, Ningxia	15.0	XII	273,407
August 14, 1921	6.1	Eritrea, Massawa	15.0	VIII	Some
November 11, 1922	8.3–8.6	Chile, Atacama	35.0	XI	1,000
September 1, 1923	7.9–8.2	Japan, Kanagawa Prefecture	23.0	XI	142,800
April 14, 1924	8.3	Filipin, Davao Region	15.0	IX	500
March 16, 1925	6.9–7.0	China, Yunnan	26.0	IX	5,000
October 22, 1926	6.0	Turkey, Kars Province	7.0	IX	360
May 23, 1927	7.7	China, Gansu	15.0	XI	40,912
December 1, 1928	7.6	Chile, Maule Region	20.0	IX	279
May 1, 1929	7.2	Kungiyar Sobiyet, Ahal Region	10.0	IX	3,257–3,800
July 23, 1930	6.6	Italy, Irpinia	15.0	X	1,404
August 10, 1931	8.0	China, Xinjiang Province	20.0	XI	10,000
May 20, 1932	5.4	Samfuri:Country data Persia, Mazandaran province	12.0	VIII	1,070
August 25, 1933	7.3	China, Sichuan Province	15.0	X	6,865–9,300
January 15, 1934	8.0	Nepal, Koshi	15.0	X	10,700–12,000
May 30, 1935	7.7	Daular Biritaniya, Khanate of Kalat	15.0	X	30,000–60,000
April 1, 1936	6.8	China, Guangxi Province	0.0	IX	1,001
July 31, 1937	6.9	China, Shandong Province	25.0	IX	3,252
April 19, 1938	6.6	Turkey, Kırşehir Province	10.0	IX	224
December 27, 1939	7.8	Turkey, Erzincan Province	20.0	XII	32,700–32,968
November 10, 1940	7.7	Romania, Vrancea County	133.0	X	1,000
January 11, 1941	5.8–6.5	Yemen, Razih District	35.0	VIII	1,200
December 20, 1942	7.0	Turkey, Erbaa	10.0	IX	3,000
November 27, 1943	7.5	Turkey, Çankırı	20.0	XI	2,824–5,000
January 15, 1944	7.0	Argentina, San Juan	15.0	IX	10,000
November 28, 1945	8.1	Daular Biritaniya, Makran Coast	15.0	X	300–4,000
August 4, 1946	7.8	Dominican Republic, Samaná	15.0	IX	2,550
August 4, 1947	7.7	Peru, Junín Province	20.0	IX	233–2,233
October 6, 1948	7.3	Kungiyar Sobiyet, Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic	15.0	X	10,000–110,000
July 10, 1949	7.5	Kungiyar Sobiyet, Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic	18.0	IX	7,200
August 15, 1950	8.6	India, Assam	15.0	XI	4,800
May 6, 1951	5.9–6.2	El Salvador, Usulután	85.0	VIII	400–1,100
November 5, 1952	9.0	Kungiyar Sobiyet, Russian Soviet Socialist Republic	21.6	XI	2,336
March 18, 1953	7.5	Turkey, Balıkesir Province	10.0	IX	1,070
September 9, 1954	6.7	France, Chlef Province, Algeria	15.0	XI	1,243–1,409
March 31, 1955	7.4	Filipin, Western Mindanao	35.0	VIII	465
October 31, 1956	6.4	Iran, Hormozgan	15.0	VII	347
December 13, 1957	6.5	Iran, Hamadan	15.0	VII	1,130
August 16, 1958	6.7	Iran, Lorestan	15.0	VII	132
August 18, 1959	7.3	United States, Montana	5.0	X	28
February 29, 1960	5.8	Morocco, Souss-Massa	15.0	X	12,000–15,000
June 11, 1961	6.4	Iran, Fars province	15.0	VIII	60
September 1, 1962	7.1	Iran, Qazvin province	10.0	IX	12,225
July 26, 1963	6.1	Yugoslavia, Macedonia	15.0	X	1,070
March 27, 1964	9.2	United States, Alaska	25.0	XI	131
March 28, 1965	7.4–7.6	Chile, Valparaíso Region	70.0	IX	400–500
March 22, 1966	6.8	China, Hebei	20.0	IX	8,064
July 29, 1967	6.6	Venezuela, Vargas	25.0	VIII	225–300
August 31, 1968	7.1	Iran, South Khorasan province	10.0	X	15,900
July 25, 1969	6.4	China, Guangdong	20.0	VIII	3,000
May 31, 1970	7.9	Peru, Ancash	45.0	VIII	66,794–70,000
May 22, 1971	6.6	Turkey, Bingöl	10.0	VIII	875^[16]
April 10, 1972	6.7	Iran, Fars	10.0	IX	5,374
February 6, 1973	7.6	China, Sichuan	11.0	X	2,175–2,204
May 10, 1974	7.1	China, Yunnan	14.0	IX	1,641–20,000
September 6, 1975	6.7	Turkey, Diyarbakır	26.0	IX	2,311
July 28, 1976	7.6	China, Hebei	12.2	XI	242,719–655,000
March 4, 1977	7.5	Romania, Vrancea	85.3	IX	1,700
September 16, 1978	7.4	Iran, Yazd	33.0	IX	15,000–25,000
December 12, 1979	8.2	Kolombiya, Nariño	33.0	IX	300–600
October 10, 1980	7.1	Algeria, Chlef	10.0	X	2,633–5,000
June 11, 1981	6.6	Iran, Kerman	33.0	VIII	3,000
December 13, 1982	6.2	Yemen, Dhamar	10.0	VIII	2,800
October 30, 1983	6.6	Turkey, Erzurum	15.0	IX	1,340
September 13, 1984	6.3	Japan, Nagano	2.0	VIII	14
September 19, 1985	8.0	Mexico, Michoacán	20.0	IX	5,000–45,000
October 10, 1986	5.7	El Salvador, San Salvador	10.0	IX	1,000–1,500
March 6, 1987	7.1	Ecuador, Sucumbíos	10.0	IX	1,000
December 7, 1988	6.8	Kungiyar Sobiyet, Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic	5.0	X	25,000–50,000
January 23, 1989	5.3	Kungiyar Sobiyet, Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic	33.0	VII	274
June 21, 1990	7.4	Iran, Gilan	18.5	X	35,000–40,000
October 20, 1991	6.8	India, Uttarkashi	11.6	IX	768–2,000
December 12, 1992	7.8	Indonesiya, Flores Sea offshore	27.7	VIII	2,500
September 29, 1993	6.2	India, Latur	10.0	VIII	9,748
June 6, 1994	6.8	Kolombiya, Cauca	12.1	IX	1,100
January 17, 1995	6.9	Japan, Kobe	21.9	XI	5,502–6,434
February 3, 1996	6.6	China, Yunnan	10.0	X	309–322
May 10, 1997	7.3	Iran, Khorasan	10.0	X	1,567
May 30, 1998	6.5	Afghanistan, Takhar	33.0	VII	4,000–4,500
August 17, 1999	7.6	Turkey, İzmit	17.0	X	17,127–18,373
June 4, 2000	7.9	Indonesiya, Enggano Island offshore	44.0	VI	103
January 26, 2001	7.6	India, Bhuj	16.0	X	13,805–20,023
March 25, 2002	6.1	Afghanistan, Baghlan Province	8.0	VII	1,200
December 26, 2003	6.6	Iran, Bam	15.0	IX	34,000
December 26, 2004	9.1–9.3	Indonesiya, Sumatra offshore	30.0	IX	227,898
October 8, 2005	7.6	Pakistan, Balakot	15.0	XI	86,000–87,351
May 27, 2006	6.4	Indonesiya, Yogyakarta	10.0	IX	5,749
August 15, 2007	8.0	Peru, Ica offshore	39.0	IX	595
May 12, 2008	7.9	China, Sichuan	19.0	XI	87,587
September 30, 2009	7.6	Indonesiya, Padang offshore	90.0	VII	1,115
January 12, 2010	7.0	Haiti, Léogâne	13.0	X	46,000–160,000
March 11, 2011	9.1	Japan, Sendai offshore	29.0	XI	19,759	The following tsunami led to about 18,500 deaths.
August 11, 2012	6.4	Iran, East Azerbaijan	9.0	VIII	306
September 24, 2013	7.7	Pakistan, Balochistan	15.0	IX	825
August 3, 2014	6.1	China, Yunnan	10.0	IX	617
April 25, 2015	7.8	Nepal, Gorkha District	8.2	X	8,962
April 16, 2016	7.8	Ecuador, Esmeraldas	20.6	VIII	676
November 12, 2017	7.3	Iran–Iraq border Region	19.0	IX	630
September 28, 2018	7.5	Indonesiya, Palu	20.0	X	4,340
November 26, 2019	6.4	Albania, Durrës	10.0	VIII	51
October 30, 2020	7.0	Greece Turkey Aegean Sea	21.0	VIII	119
August 14, 2021	7.2	Haiti, Nippes	10.0	IX	2,248
June 21, 2022	6.0	Afghanistan, Khost	10.0	VIII	1,052–1,163
February 6, 2023	7.8 & 7.7	Turkey, Southeastern Anatolia Syria, Aleppo and Idlib	10.0 & 7.4	XII	59,488–62,013	These were two earthquakes: One big one, and a 7.7 aftershock.
January 1, 2024	7.5	Japan, Ishikawa	10.0	X	645
March 28, 2025	7.7	Myanmar, Sagaing Region	10.0	X	5,456

Girgizar ƙasa mafi ƙarfi ta girman

Ga waɗanda suka faru kafin ci gaba da turawa na Seismographs - farawa a kusa da 1900 - ana kimanta girman daga rahotanni na tarihi game da girman da tsananin lalacewa.

Matsayi	Ranar	Wurin da yake	Abin da ya faru	Girma
1	May 22, 1960	Valdivia, Chile	1960 Girgizar ƙasa ta Valdivia	9.4–9.6
2	March 27, 1964	Yarima William Sound, Alaska, Amurka	1964 Girgizar ƙasa ta Alaska	9.2–9.3
2	December 26, 2004	Sumatra, Indonesia	Girgizar kasa ta Tekun Indiya ta 2004	9.2–9.3^[18]^[19]
4	March 11, 2011	Tekun Pacific, Yankin Tōhoku, Japan	Girgizar ƙasa ta Tōhoku ta 2011	9.0–9.1^[20]^[21]
5	November 4, 1952	Kamchatka, SFSR na Rasha, Tarayyar Soviet	1952 Girgizar kasa ta Severo-Kurilsk	8.8–9.0
6	February 27, 2010	Maule, ƙasar Chile	Girgizar ƙasa ta 2010 a Chile	8.8
	July 30, 2025	Kamchatka, Rasha	2025 Girgizar kasa ta Kamchatka	8.8
	January 31, 1906	Emeralds, Ecuador - Colombia	Girgizar ƙasa ta Ecuador da Colombia ta 1906	8.5–8.8
7	February 3, 1965	Tsibirin Rat, Alaska, Amurka	1965 Girgizar ƙasa ta tsibirin Rat	8.7
7	August 15, 1950	Assam, Indiya - Tibet, China	1950 Girgizar kasa ta Assam-Tibet	8.7
9	April 1, 1946	Tsibirin Aleutian, Alaska, Amurka	1946 Girgizar ƙasa ta tsibirin Aleutian	8.6
	March 9, 1957	Tsibirin Andreanof, Alaska, Amurka	Girgizar ƙasa ta 1957 Tsibirin Andreanof	8.6
	March 28, 2005	Sumatra, Indonesia	2005 Girgizar kasa ta Nias-Simeulue	8.6
	April 11, 2012	Sumatra, Indonesia	Girgizar kasa ta 2012 a Tekun Indiya	8.6
10	November 10, 1922	Atacama, Chile	1922 Girgizar ƙasa ta Vallenar	8.5–8.6
10	February 1, 1938	Tekun Banda, Indonesia (sa'an nan wani ɓangare na Dutch East Indies)	Girgizar kasa ta 1938 a Tekun Banda	8.5–8.6
11	March 2, 1933	Yankin Iwate, Japan	1933 Girgizar kasa ta Sanriku	8.5
	October 13, 1963	Tsibirin Kuril, SFSR na Rasha, Tarayyar Soviet	1963 Girgizar kasa ta tsibirin Kuril	8.5
	September 12, 2007	Lardin Bengkulu, Indonesia	Girgizar ƙasa ta Bengkulu ta 2007	8.5

Girgizar ƙasa kafin kayan aiki

Ranar	Wurin da yake	Abin da ya faru	Girma
July 8, 1730	Valparaíso, Chile (sa'an nan wani ɓangare na Daular Mutanen Espanya)	1730 Girgizar ƙasa ta Valparaíso	9.1-9.3 (gabas) ^[22]
October 17, 1737	Yankin Kamchatka, Daular Rasha	1737 Girgizar kasa ta Kamchatka	9.0-9.3 (gabas)
December 16, 1575	Valdivia, Chile (a lokacin wani ɓangare na Daular Mutanen Espanya)	1575 Girgizar ƙasa ta Valdivia	9.0 (gabas)
November 24, 1604	Arica, Chile (a lokacin wani ɓangare na Daular Mutanen Espanya)	1604 Girgizar ƙasa ta Arica	9.0 (gabas)
May 17, 1841	Kamchatka, Daular Rasha	1841 Girgizar kasa ta Kamchatka	9.0 (gabas)
November 17, 1837	Valdivia, Chile	Girgizar ƙasa ta 1837 a Valdivia	8.8-9.5 (gaisuwa) ^[23]
August 31, 1420	Tekun Pacific, yankin Atacama (yanzu Atacama, Chile)	1420 Girgizar kasa ta Caldera	8.8-9.4 (gabas)
November 25, 1833	Sumatra, Indonesia (sa'an nan wani ɓangare na Dutch East Indies)	Girgizar kasa ta 1833 a Sumatra	8.8-9.2 (gabas)
November 26, 1852	Tsibirin Banda, Indonesia (sa'an nan wani ɓangare na Dutch East Indies)	1852 Girgizar kasa ta Tekun Banda	8.8 (gaisuwa) ^[24]
October 28, 1707	Tekun Pacific, Yankin Shikoku, Japan	1707 Girgizar ƙasa ta Hōei	8.7-9.3 (gaisuwa) ^[25]
January 26, 1700	Tekun Pacific, Amurka, da Kanada (sa'an nan Daular Mutanen Espanya da Daular Burtaniya suka yi ikirarin)	1700 Girgizar kasa ta Cascadia	8.7-9.2 (gabas)
May 9, 1877	Iquique, Chile (a lokacin Peru)	1877 Girgizar ƙasa ta Iquique	8.7-8.9 (gabas)
October 20, 1687	Lima, Peru (a lokacin wani ɓangare na Daular Mutanen Espanya)	1687 Girgizar ƙasa a Peru	8.7 (gabas)
July 13, 869	Tekun Pacific, Yankin Tōhoku, Japan	869 Girgizar ƙasa ta Jōgan	8.6-9.0 (gabas)
October 28, 1746	Lima, Peru (a lokacin wani ɓangare na Daular Mutanen Espanya)	1746 Girgizar kasa ta Lima-Callao	8.6-8.8 (gabas)
September 20, 1498	Tekun Pacific, Yankin Chūbu, Japan	1498 Girgizar ƙasa ta Meiō	8.6 (gabas)
March 28, 1787	Oaxaca, Mexico (a lokacin wani ɓangare na Daular Mutanen Espanya)	1787 Sabon girgizar ƙasa ta Spain	8.6 (gabas)
February 2, 1816	Tekun Atlantika, Lisbon, Portugal	1816 Girgizar kasa ta Arewacin Atlantic	8.6 (gabas)
August 13, 1868	Arica, Peru (yanzu wani ɓangare na Chile na yanzu)	1868 Girgizar ƙasa ta Arica	8.5-9.3 (gabas)
November 1, 1755	Tekun Atlantika, Lisbon, Portugal	1755 Girgizar ƙasa ta Lisbon	8.5-9.0 (gabas)
April 2, 1762	Chittagong, Bangladesh (a lokacin Masarautar Mrauk U)	1762 Girgizar kasa ta Arakan	8.5-8.8 (gabas)
July 21, 365	Tekun Bahar Rum, tsibirin Karita, Girka	Girgizar ƙasa ta tsibirin tsibirin tsibiri ta 365	8.5+ (gabas)
August 24, 1356	Tekun Atlantika, Lisbon, Portugal	1356 Lisbon earthquake [pt]	8.5 (gabas)
July 25, 1668	Shandong, kasar Sin	1668 Girgizar kasa ta Shandong	8.5 (gaisuwa) ^[26]
May 24, 1751	Concepción, Chile (sa'an nan kuma wani ɓangare na Daular Mutanen Espanya)	1751 Girgizar ƙasa ta Concepción	8.5 (gabas)
March 31, 1761	Tekun Atlantika, Lisbon, Portugal	1761 Girgizar kasa ta Lisbon	8.5 (gaisuwa) ^[27]
April 4, 1819	Copiapó, Chile	1819 Girgizar ƙasa ta Copiapó	8.5 (gaisuwa) ^[23]
November 19, 1822	Valparaíso, Chile	Girgizar ƙasa ta 1822 a Valparaíso	8.5 (gabas)
February 20, 1835	Concepción, Chile	Girgizar ƙasa ta 1835 Concepción	8.5 (gabas)
February 8, 1843	Yankin , Ƙananan Caribbean Guadeloupe	Girgizar ƙasa ta 1843 a Guadeloupe	8.5 (gaisuwa) ^[28]
February 16, 1861	Sumatra, Indonesia (sa'an nan wani ɓangare na Dutch East Indies)	1861 Girgizar kasa ta Sumatra	8.5 (gabas)
June 15, 1896	Tekun Pacific, Yankin Tōhoku, Daular Japan	Girgizar kasa ta 1896 a Sanriku	8.5 (gabas)
June 6, 1505	Himalayas, arewacin Nepal	1505 Girgizar ƙasa ta Lo Mustang	8.2-8.8 (gabas)

Year	Date	Magnitude	Location	Depth (km)	MMI	Deaths	Injuries
1907	January 4, 1907	8.2	Dutch Republic ^(en) , Sumatra	25.0	IV-V	2,188	-
1908	March 26, 1908	7.5	Mexico, Guerrero	25.0	–	-	-
1909	July 7, 1909	7.7	Afghanistan, Badakhshan	200.0	–	-	-
1910	April 12, 1910	8.1	Sakishima Islands-Taiwan region	235.0	–	60	-
1911	June 15, 1911	7.9	Japan, Ryukyu Islands	150.0	IX	-	-
1912	May 23, 1912	7.9	Myanmar, Shan	15.0	IX	-	-
1913	March 14, 1913	7.9	Filipin, Mindanao	15.0	IX	138	-
1914	May 26, 1914	8.2	Dutch Republic ^(en) , Papua	15.0	-	100+	-
1915	May 1, 1915	7.8	Russian Empire ^(en) , Kuril Islands	30.0	-	–	-
1916	January 1, 1916	8.0	Asturaliya, East New Britain	35.0	-	–	-
1917	May 1, 1917	8.2	New Zealand, Kermadec Islands	15.0	-	–	-
1918	August 15, 1918	8.3	Filipin, Mindanao	20.0	-	52	-
1919	April 30, 1919	8.1	Tonga	25.0	-	–	-
1920	June 5, 1920	8.2	Taiwan, Hualien	20.0	VII	–	-
1921	November 15, 1921	7.8	Afghanistan, Badakhshan	240.0	V	–	-
1922	November 11, 1922	8.5	Chile, Atacama	70.0	-	500	-
1923	February 3, 1923	8.4	Kungiyar Sobiyet, Kamchatka Krai	15.0	-	3	-
1924	April 10, 1924	8.1	Filipin, Mindanao	15.0	-	500	-
1925	November 10, 1925	7.3	Dutch Republic ^(en) , Papua	15.0	-	-	-
1926	October 26, 1926	7.6	Dutch Republic ^(en) , Papua	35.0	-	-	-
1927	May 22, 1927	7.7	Taiwan, Gansu	15.0	-	40,900	-
1928	June 17, 1928	8.0	Mexico, Oaxaca	15.0	-	4	-
1929	June 26, 1929	8.1	United Kingdom, South Sandwich Islands region	15.0	-	-	-
1930	December 3, 1930	7.5	Samfuri:Country data British Burma, Bago	10.0	IX	30	-
1931	June 3, 1931	7.9	China, Xinjiang	10.0	X	10,000	-
1932	June 3, 1932	8.1	Mexico, Jalisco	35.0	X	400	-
1933	March 2, 1933	8.5	Japan, Sanriku coast	15.0	V	3,000	-
1934	January 15, 1934	8.0	Nepal, Sagarmatha Zone	15.0	X	10,700	-
1935	September 20, 1935	7.8	Indonesiya, Sandaun Province	35.0	VII	0	0
1936	April 1, 1936	7.8	Dutch Republic ^(en) , Talaud Islands	35.0	IX	0	0
1937	January 7, 1937	7.8	Samfuri:Country data Republic of China (1912–1949), Qinghai	15.0	VIII	0	0
1938	February 1, 1938	8.5	Dutch Republic ^(en) , Maluku offshore	60.0	VII	0	0
1939	December 21, 1939	8.1	Dutch Republic ^(en) , Central Sulawesi offshore	150.0	VII	0	0
1940	May 24, 1940	8.2	Peru, Lima	45.0	VIII	179–300	3,500
1941	November 18, 1941	8.0	Samfuri:Country data Empire of Japan, Miyazaki offshore	35.0	VII	2	0
1942	August 24, 1942	8.2	Peru, Ica	35.0	IX	30	25
1943	April 6, 1943	8.1	Chile, Coquimbo	35.0	VIII	11	0
1944	December 7, 1944	8.1	Samfuri:Country data Empire of Japan, Wakayama offshore	30.0	VIII	1,223	2,135
1945	November 27, 1945	8.1	Samfuri:Country data British Raj, Balochistan offshore	15.0	X	4,000	0
1946	April 1, 1946	8.6	United States, Alaska offshore	15.0	VI	173	0
1947	May 27, 1947	7.6	Dutch Republic ^(en) , Papua offshore	15.0	VI	0	0
1947	November 1, 1947	7.6	Peru, Junin	20.0	IX	233	0
1948	January 24, 1948	7.8	Filipin, Panay	15.0	X	50	0
1949	August 22, 1949	8.0	Canada, Haida Gwaii	10.0	VIII	0	0
1950	August 15, 1950	8.6	India–China, Assam–Tibet border region	15.0	XI	4,800	0
1951	November 24, 1951	7.8	Taiwan, East Rift Valley	30.0	VII	85	1,200
1952	November 4, 1952	9.0	Kungiyar Sobiyet, Kamchatka	21.6	XI	2,336	0
1953	November 25, 1953	7.9	Japan, Yokohama	25.0	V	1	0
1954	March 29, 1954	7.8	Samfuri:Country data Francoist Spain, Andalusia	626.2	IV	0	0
1955	February 27, 1955	7.5	New Zealand, Kermadec Islands	15.0	I	0	0
1956	July 9, 1956	7.7	Greece, Dodecanese Islands	20.0	IX	56	0
1957	March 9, 1957	8.6	United States, Aleutian Islands, Alaska	25.0	VIII	2	0
1958	November 6, 1958	8.3	Kungiyar Sobiyet, Kuril Islands	35.0	X	0	51
1959	May 4, 1959	7.9	Kungiyar Sobiyet, Kamchatka	55.0	VIII	1	13
1960	May 22, 1960	9.5	Chile, Valdivia	25.0	XII	2,000	4,000
1961	August 19, 1961	7.6	Peru, Madre de Dios Region	612.2	IV	0	0
1962	May 21, 1962	7.5	Fiji offshore	390.0	I	0	0
1963	October 13, 1963	8.5	Kungiyar Sobiyet, Kuril Islands	35.0	IX	0	0
1964	March 27, 1964	9.2	United States, Alaska, Prince William Sound	25.0	XI	131	0
1965	February 3, 1965	8.7	United States, Alaska, Aleutian Islands	30.3	VI	0	0
1966	October 17, 1966	8.1	Peru, Arequipa	38.0	IX	125	3,000
1967	July 22, 1967	7.3	Turkey, Sakarya Province	30.0	X	86	0
1968	May 16, 1968	8.3	Japan, Hokkaidō	26.0	VIII	52	330
1969	August 11, 1969	8.2	Kungiyar Sobiyet, Kuril Islands	30.0	VIII	0	0
1970	July 31, 1970	8.0	Kolombiya, Amazonas Department	644.8	IV	1	4
1971	July 26, 1971	8.0	Sabuwar Gini Papuwa, Kokopo	37.0	IX	3	5
1972	1972	8.0	Filipin, Mindanao	60.0	VII	0	0
1973	June 17, 1973	7.8	Japan, Hokkaidō	43.3	VIII	0	27
1974	October 3, 1974	8.1	Peru, Lima	13.0	IX	78	2,400
1975	May 26, 1975	7.8	north Atlantic Ocean	33.0	VI	0	0
1976	August 17, 1976	8.0	Filipin, Moro Gulf	33.0	VIII	8,000	10,000
1977	August 19, 1977	8.3	Indonesiya, Bima	25.0	VI	189	1,100
1978	June 12, 1978	7.6	Japan, Miyagi	44.0	VIII	28	1,325
1979	December 12, 1979	8.1	Kolombiya, Nariño offshore Ecuador, Esmeraldas offshore	24.0	IX	600	0
1980	July 17, 1980	7.7	Tsibiran Solomon, Santa Cruz Islands	33.0	VI	0	0
1981	September 1, 1981	7.5	New Zealand, offshore	25.0	IV	0	0
1982	June 19, 1982	7.3	El Salvador, offshore	73.0	VII	43	0
1983	March 18, 1983	7.7	Sabuwar Gini Papuwa, New Ireland	70.0	VII	0	0
1983	May 26, 1983	7.7	Japan, off the coast of Honshu	15.1	VIII	104	324
1984	February 7, 1984	7.5	Tsibiran Solomon, Honiara	18.1	VIII	0	0
1985	September 19, 1985	8.0	Mexico, Mexico City	27.9	IX	5,000-45,000	40,000
1986	May 7, 1986	8.0	United States, Aleutian Islands, Alaska	19.0	VII	0	0
1987	November 30, 1987	7.8	United States, Gulf of Alaska	10.0	VI	0	0
1988	March 6, 1988	7.7	United States, Gulf of Alaska	15.0	V	0	0
1989	May 23, 1989	8.0	Australia, Macquarie Island	10.0	V	0	0
1990	July 16, 1990	7.7	Filipin, Luzon	24.4	IX	1,621	3,000
1991	April 22, 1991	7.7	Costa Rica, Limón	10.0	IX	127	759
1992	December 12, 1992	7.8	Indonesiya, Sunda Islands	23.5	VIII	2,500	0
1993	August 8, 1993	7.8	Tarayyar Amurka, Offshore	59.3	IX	0	71
1994	October 5, 1994	8.3	Russia, Kuril Islands	3.0	IX	12	1,742
1995	October 9, 1995	8.1	Mexico, Colima	33.0	VIII	49	100
1995	July 30, 1995	8.1	Chile, Antofagasta	40.0	VII	3	58
1996	February 17, 1996	8.2	Indonesiya, Biak	11.5	VIII	166	423
1997	December 5, 1997	7.8	Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula	23.5	VIII	0	0
1998	March 25, 1998	8.1	[[File:\|23px\|link=]] no value, Balleny Islands	10.0		0	0
1999	September 21, 1999	7.6	Taiwan, Nantou County	15.5	IX	2,444	11,305
2000	November 16, 2000	8.0	Sabuwar Gini Papuwa, New Ireland	13.0	VII	2	0
2001	June 23, 2001	8.4	Peru, Arequipa	33.0	VIII	145	2,713
2002	November 3, 2002	7.9	United States, Alaska	4.2	IX	0	1
2003	September 26, 2003	8.3	Japan, Hokkaidō	23.5	IX	0	849
2004	December 26, 2004	9.3	Indonesiya, Sumatra	10.0	IX	227,898	125,000
2005	March 28, 2005	8.6	Indonesiya, Simeulue	21.0	IX	1313	300
2006	November 15, 2006	8.3	Russia, Kuril Islands	10.0	VI	0	1
2007	September 12, 2007	8.4	Indonesiya, Sumatra	34.0	VIII	23	0
2008	May 12, 2008	7.9	China, Sichuan	19.0	XI	87,587	374,177
2009	September 29, 2009	8.1	Samoa, Offshore	18.0	VII	189	7
2010	February 27, 2010	8.8	Chile, Concepción	22.9	IX	550	12,000
2011	March 11, 2011	9.0–9.1	Japan, Honshu	29.0	IX	19,747	6,000
2012	April 11, 2012	8.6	Indonesiya, Indian Ocean	20.0	VII	10	12
2013	May 24, 2013	8.3	Russia, Sea of Okhotsk	598.1	VI	0	0
2014	April 1, 2014	8.2	Chile, Iquique	25.0	VIII	6	9
2015	September 16, 2015	8.3	Chile, Coquimbo	22.4	IX	21	34
2016	December 17, 2016	7.9	Sabuwar Gini Papuwa, New Ireland	94.5	VII	0	0
2017	September 7, 2017	8.2	Mexico, Chiapas	47.4	IX	98	250
2018	August 19, 2018	8.2	Fiji, offshore	600.0	V	0	0
2019	May 26, 2019	8.0	Peru, Loreto	122.6	VIII	2	0
2020	July 22, 2020	7.8	United States, Alaska Peninsula offshore	28.0	VII	0	0
2021	July 28, 2021	8.2	United States, Alaska Peninsula offshore	32.2	VII	0	0
2022	September 11, 2022	7.6	Sabuwar Gini Papuwa, Morobe	61.4	VIII	21	42
2022	September 19, 2022	7.6	Mexico, Michoacán	25.5	VIII	2	35
2023	February 6, 2023	7.8	Turkey, Southeastern Anatolia	17.9	XII	59,488–62,013	121,704
2024	January 1, 2024	7.5	Japan, Ishikawa	10.0	X	645	1,393
2025	July 30, 2025	8.8	Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula	19.3	VIII	1	25

Girgizar ƙasa mafi ƙarfi ta girman ƙasa / yanki

Wannan jerin aiki ne mai gudana. Za a iya canza bayanai.

Girgizar ƙasa mafi tsada

Wannan ita ce manyan manyan girgizar asa guda goma da darajar dalar Amurka ta yi hasarar dukiya (na jama'a da na sirri) waɗanda ke da nasaba da girgizar ƙasa kai tsaye.

Matsayi	Abin da ya faru	Wurin da yake	Girma	Lalacewar dukiya
1	2011 Girgizar ƙasa da tsunami na Tōhoku	Japan	9.1	dala biliyan 360 ^[29]
2	1995 Babban girgizar ƙasa ta Hanshin	Japan	6.9	dala biliyan 200
3	Girgizar ƙasa ta Turkiyya da Siriya ta 2023	Turkiyya da Siriya	7.8	dala biliyan 164
4	Girgizar kasa ta Sichuan ta 2008	China	7.9	dala biliyan 150 ^[30]
5	Girgizar kasa ta Christchurch ta 2011	New Zealand	6.3	dala biliyan 40 ^[31]
6	Girgizar kasa ta 2004 a Chūetsu	Japan	6.6	dala biliyan 28 ^[32]
7	Girgizar kasa ta 2011 a Sikkim	Indiya	6.9	dala biliyan 22 ^[33]
8	1999 Girgizar ƙasa ta İzmit	Turkiyya	7.6	dala biliyan 20 ^[32]
9	Girgizar kasa ta 2009 L'Aquila	Italiya	6.3	dala biliyan 16
10	Girgizar ƙasa ta Arewacin Italiya ta 2012	Italiya	6.1	dala biliyan 16 ^[34]

Yawancin binciken girgizar ƙasa

Girgizar kasa 50 da aka fi yin nazari bisa ga Cibiyar Kula da Girgizar Kasa ta Duniya (ISC), bisa kididdigar takardun kimiyya (mafi yawa a cikin Ingilishi) waɗanda ke tattauna wannan girgizar. An haɗa " Event # " da ISC Bibliography Event don waccan taron.

↑ Empty citation (help)
↑ Empty citation (help)
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "year40".
↑ "Death toll of 1920 China earthquake higher than previously estimated". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on August 20, 2013.
↑ Utsu, T. "Search Page". Catalog of Damaging Earthquakes in the World (Through 2008). Archived from the original on September 18, 2013. Retrieved June 3, 2010.
↑ Sbeinati, Mohamed Reda; Darawchech, Ryad; Mouty, Mikhail (June 2005). "The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D." (PDF). Annals of Geophysics. 48 (3): 347–435. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 26, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
↑ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
1 2 3 "Most Destructive Known Earthquakes on Record in the World". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on September 1, 2009. Retrieved April 22, 2022.
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Ambraseys2004".
↑ "Ruins of the Hongdong Earthquake (1303)". China Virtual Museums. Retrieved November 28, 2015.
1 2 Grǖnthal G.; Wahlström R. (2009). "A harmonized seismicity data base for the EuroMediterranean region" (PDF). Proceedings of the 27th ECGS Workshop 'Seismicity Patterns in the Euro-Med Region: 15–21.
↑ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
↑ "Today in Earthquake History". United States Geological Survey.
↑ 高东旗; 王常有; 杜玉萍; 王晓燕 (2008). "大地震后传染病的防疫要点". 华北国防医药 (3). Archived from the original on 2024-04-10. Retrieved 2025-08-11. 1556年陕西发生大地震，当时死亡10万人，而第2年发生大瘟疫，却死亡70多万人 [100,000 died in 1556, while a plague struck the subsequent year and led to a further death of 700,000-odd.]
↑ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
↑ "22 Mayıs 1971 Bingöl Depremi Ms:6.8". AFAD (in Harshen Turkiyya). Retrieved April 5, 2022.
↑ "Magnitude 8 and Greatest Earthquakes Since 1900". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016.
↑ Stein, Seth; Okal, Emile A. (2007-01-01). "Ultralong Period Seismic Study of the December 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Implications for Regional Tectonics and the Subduction Process". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (in Turanci). 97 (1A): S279–S295. Bibcode:2007BuSSA..97S.279S. doi:10.1785/0120050617. ISSN 1943-3573.
↑ Fujii, Yushiro; Satake, Kenji; Watada, Shingo; Ho, Tung-Cheng (2021-12-01). "Re-examination of Slip Distribution of the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman Earthquake (Mw 9.2) by the Inversion of Tsunami Data Using Green's Functions Corrected for Compressible Seawater Over the Elastic Earth". Pure and Applied Geophysics (in Turanci). 178 (12): 4777–4796. doi:10.1007/s00024-021-02909-6. ISSN 1420-9136.
↑ Romano, F.; Piatanesi, A.; Lorito, S.; D'Agostino, N.; Hirata, K.; Atzori, S.; Yamazaki, Y.; Cocco, M. (2012-04-27). "Clues from joint inversion of tsunami and geodetic data of the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake". Scientific Reports (in Turanci). 2 (1): 385. Bibcode:2012NatSR...2..385R. doi:10.1038/srep00385. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 3338116. PMID 22545193.
↑ Wang, Zhen; Kato, Teruyuki; Zhou, Xin; Fukuda, Jun’ichi (2016-11-28). "Source process with heterogeneous rupture velocity for the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake based on 1-Hz GPS data". Earth, Planets and Space. 68 (1): 193. Bibcode:2016EP&S...68..193W. doi:10.1186/s40623-016-0572-4. ISSN 1880-5981.
↑ Carvajal, M.; Cisternas, M.; Catalán, P.A. (2017). "Source of the 1730 Chilean earthquake from historical records: Implications for the future tsunami hazard on the coast of Metropolitan Chile". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 122 (5): 3648–3660. Bibcode:2017JGRB..122.3648C. doi:10.1002/2017JB014063. S2CID 133806784. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
1 2 Jin Junfang; Yin Shuyan; Yan Junping (2014). "Symmetry and tendency judgment of Ms ≥ 8.0 strong earthquakes in Chile". Geodesy and Geodynamics. 5 (1): 34–40. Bibcode:2014G&G.....5...34J. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1246.2014.01034.
↑ H. Ringer; J. P. Whitehead; J. Krometis; R. A. Harris; N. Glatt-Holtz; S. Giddens; C. Ashcraft; G. Carver; A. Robertson; M. Harward; J. Fullwood; K. Lightheart; R. Hilton; A. Avery; C. Kesler (2021). "Methodological Reconstruction of Historical Seismic Events From Anecdotal Accounts of Destructive Tsunamis: A Case Study for the Great 1852 Banda Arc Mega-Thrust Earthquake and Tsunami" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 126 (4). arXiv:2009.14272. Bibcode:2021JGRB..12621107R. doi:10.1029/2020JB021107. S2CID 222066748. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 9, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
↑ "M 9.3Re-evaluation of Mw of the 1707 Hoei earthquake – near the east coast of Honshu, Japan" (PDF). AIST.^{[permanent dead link]}
↑ "Significant Earthquake Information CHINA: SHANDONG PROVINCE". NGCD. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
↑ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "Significant Earthquake Information PORTUGAL: LISBON". ngdc.noaa.gov (in Turanci). Retrieved February 1, 2021.
↑ Hough S.E. (2013). "Missing great earthquakes". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 118 (3): 1098–1108. Bibcode:2013JGRB..118.1098H. doi:10.1002/jgrb.50083. S2CID 128458643.
↑ Zhang, Bo. "Top 5 Most Expensive Natural Disasters in History". AccuWeather.com. News & Video. Archived from the original on March 31, 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2011.
↑ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
↑ "Four years on: Insurance and the Canterbury Earthquakes" (PDF). Deloitte Access Economics. February 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 24, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
1 2 National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
↑ Santanu Baruah; Sowrav Saikia; Saurabh Baruah; Pabon K. Bora; Ruben Tatevossian; J. R. Kayal (March 19, 2014). "The September 2011 Sikkim Himalaya earthquake Mw 6.9: is it a plane of detachment earthquake?". Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk. 7: 248–263. doi:10.1080/19475705.2014.895963. S2CID 128915677.
↑ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) (1972). "Significant Earthquake Database" (Data Set). National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.

[Ambraseys&Melville-1] Empty citation (help)

[Gupta-2] Empty citation (help)

[year40-3] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "year40".

[news.xinhuanet.com-4] "Death toll of 1920 China earthquake higher than previously estimated". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on August 20, 2013.

[Utsu-5] Utsu, T. "Search Page". Catalog of Damaging Earthquakes in the World (Through 2008). Archived from the original on September 18, 2013. Retrieved June 3, 2010.

[Sbeinati-6] Sbeinati, Mohamed Reda; Darawchech, Ryad; Mouty, Mikhail (June 2005). "The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D." (PDF). Annals of Geophysics. 48 (3): 347–435. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 26, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2015.

[NGDC_526-7] National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.

[USGSList-8] 1 2 3 "Most Destructive Known Earthquakes on Record in the World". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on September 1, 2009. Retrieved April 22, 2022.

[Ambraseys2004-9] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Ambraseys2004".

[10] "Ruins of the Hongdong Earthquake (1303)". China Virtual Museums. Retrieved November 28, 2015.

[Grunthal&Wahlstrom_2009-11] 1 2 Grǖnthal G.; Wahlström R. (2009). "A harmonized seismicity data base for the EuroMediterranean region" (PDF). Proceedings of the 27th ECGS Workshop 'Seismicity Patterns in the Euro-Med Region: 15–21.

[12] National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.

[13] "Today in Earthquake History". United States Geological Survey.

[2008_Gao-14] 高东旗; 王常有; 杜玉萍; 王晓燕 (2008). "大地震后传染病的防疫要点". 华北国防医药 (3). Archived from the original on 2024-04-10. Retrieved 2025-08-11. 1556年陕西发生大地震，当时死亡10万人，而第2年发生大瘟疫，却死亡70多万人 [100,000 died in 1556, while a plague struck the subsequent year and led to a further death of 700,000-odd.]

[15] National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.

[16] "22 Mayıs 1971 Bingöl Depremi Ms:6.8". AFAD (in Harshen Turkiyya). Retrieved April 5, 2022.

[17] "Magnitude 8 and Greatest Earthquakes Since 1900". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016.

[18] Stein, Seth; Okal, Emile A. (2007-01-01). "Ultralong Period Seismic Study of the December 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Implications for Regional Tectonics and the Subduction Process". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (in Turanci). 97 (1A): S279–S295. Bibcode:2007BuSSA..97S.279S. doi:10.1785/0120050617. ISSN 1943-3573.

[19] Fujii, Yushiro; Satake, Kenji; Watada, Shingo; Ho, Tung-Cheng (2021-12-01). "Re-examination of Slip Distribution of the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman Earthquake (Mw 9.2) by the Inversion of Tsunami Data Using Green's Functions Corrected for Compressible Seawater Over the Elastic Earth". Pure and Applied Geophysics (in Turanci). 178 (12): 4777–4796. doi:10.1007/s00024-021-02909-6. ISSN 1420-9136.

[20] Romano, F.; Piatanesi, A.; Lorito, S.; D'Agostino, N.; Hirata, K.; Atzori, S.; Yamazaki, Y.; Cocco, M. (2012-04-27). "Clues from joint inversion of tsunami and geodetic data of the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake". Scientific Reports (in Turanci). 2 (1): 385. Bibcode:2012NatSR...2..385R. doi:10.1038/srep00385. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 3338116. PMID 22545193.

[21] Wang, Zhen; Kato, Teruyuki; Zhou, Xin; Fukuda, Jun’ichi (2016-11-28). "Source process with heterogeneous rupture velocity for the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake based on 1-Hz GPS data". Earth, Planets and Space. 68 (1): 193. Bibcode:2016EP&S...68..193W. doi:10.1186/s40623-016-0572-4. ISSN 1880-5981.

[Carvajal_etal_2017-22] Carvajal, M.; Cisternas, M.; Catalán, P.A. (2017). "Source of the 1730 Chilean earthquake from historical records: Implications for the future tsunami hazard on the coast of Metropolitan Chile". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 122 (5): 3648–3660. Bibcode:2017JGRB..122.3648C. doi:10.1002/2017JB014063. S2CID 133806784. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)

[Junfang-23] 1 2 Jin Junfang; Yin Shuyan; Yan Junping (2014). "Symmetry and tendency judgment of Ms ≥ 8.0 strong earthquakes in Chile". Geodesy and Geodynamics. 5 (1): 34–40. Bibcode:2014G&G.....5...34J. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1246.2014.01034.

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