Jump to content

Jerin girgizar ƙasa a Puerto Rico da Virgin Islands

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Jerin girgizar ƙasa a Puerto Rico da Virgin Islands
jerin maƙaloli na Wikimedia
Bayanai
Bangare na Jerin girgizar ƙasa da tsunami a Amurka

Abubuwan da suka faru na manyan girgizar ƙasa a Haiti tare a shekarar da suka faru Puerto Rico da Virgin Islands suna kan iyaka tsakanin Caribbean da faranti Arewacin Amurka, suna sa waɗannan yankuna suna fuskantar girgizar kasa.[1] Wannan yanki ne mai cike da girgizar ƙasa wanda ke kewaye da kuskuren da yawa; zuwa arewa, farantin Arewacin Amurka yana raguwa a ƙarƙashin farantin Caribbean, yayin da kuskurensa da yawa suka ratsa babban tsibirin Puerto Rico daga kudu maso gabas zuwa arewa maso yamma. Puerto Rico da Virgin Islands suma suna kan wani microplate wanda ke ci gaba da lalacewa ta hanyar yankin subduction zuwa arewa. Puerto Rico koyaushe tana cikin haɗarin fuskantar manyan girgizar ƙasa, mafi girma fiye da 7.0.[2]

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Taswirar da ke nuna cibiyoyin dukkan girgizar ƙasa mai girma 5 da mafi girma a yankin gabashin Caribbean na shekaru 100 da suka gabata. Launi mai cike da da'irar yana nuna zurfi kuma girman da'irar ke nuna girman. Girgizar ƙasa mafi girma, mafi lalacewa, na shekaru 250 da suka gabata tare da girman 7 da mafi girma ana nuna su ta taurari.
Taswirar da ke nuna cibiyoyin girgizar ƙasa ta M≥5 har zuwa Fabrairu 4, 2020, a cikin jerin girgizar ƙasar Puerto Rico na 2019-2020.

Yankin ya kasance yana aiki da girgizar ƙasa tun zamanin da. Manyan yankuna na Laifukan Arewa da Babban Kudancin da ke ƙetara babban tsibirin Puerto Rico a gefe suna aiki tun zamanin Eocene. An yi rikodin girgizar ƙasa a yankin tun farkon ƙarni na 17 kuma an fara rubuta wasu ayyukan girgizar ƙasa na farko a cikin Amurka a Puerto Rico da Hispaniola. Ɗaya daga cikin girgizar asa na farko da aka yi rikodin a yankin shine ranar 8 ga Satumba, 1615, wanda ya samo asali daga yankin Jamhuriyar Dominican kuma ya haifar da lalacewa a ko'ina cikin tsibirin. An yi nazari kuma an yi rikodin girgizar ƙasa a Puerto Rico tun ƙarni na 20. Cibiyar Sadarwar Seismic ta Puerto Rico (Red Sísmica de Puerto Rico ko RSPR), wacce ke ƙunshe a cikin sashin ilimin Geology na Jami'ar Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, an kafa shi a cikin 1974 ta Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayin ƙasa ta Amurka (USGS) da tsohuwar Hukumar Kula da Wutar Lantarki ta Puerto Rico (PREPA). An kafa ta ne da manufar kimanta fasalin girgizar kasa da nufin gina tashoshin makamashin nukiliya a yankin. Manufarta a yau ita ce ganowa, sarrafawa da nazarin ayyukan girgizar ƙasa a cikin yankin Puerto Rico. RSPR tana aiki da seismometers 25 a ko'ina cikin Puerto Rico, Tsibirin Budurwar Amurka da Tsibirin Budurwar Biritaniya. Biyu daga cikin waɗannan na'urori masu saukar ungulu mallakin Hukumar Injiniya ta Sojojin Amurka ne[3]

A matsakaita, ana samun girgizar asa kusan 5 da aka yi rikodi a kowace rana kuma kusan girgizar asa 3 tare da girman 5.0 da aka yi rikodin kowace shekara a yankin. Ganin cewa yawancin kurakuran da ke aiki suna cikin teku, yawancin girgizar asa a yankin ba sa haifar da asarar rayuka ko babbar lalacewa, kuma manyan girgizar asa da ke faruwa a Puerto Rico ba su da yawa. Yawancin manyan girgizar kasa a tarihi sun faru ne a cikin teku wanda ke sa yankin ya kasance mai saurin kamuwa da tsunami mai lalata. Tsunami na ƙarshe da ya haifar da babbar barna a Puerto Rico shine ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 1918, wanda girgizar ƙasa ta Aguadilla ta 1918 ta haifar. An sami wasu abubuwan da suka faru na tsunami na baya-bayan nan, kamar a cikin 1946, wanda bai haifar da babbar illa ga tsibirin ba. Girgizar kasa ta karshe da ta haifar da asarar rayuka ita ce jerin girgizar kasa na kudu maso yammacin Puerto Rico na 2020 wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 4. Girgizar kasa ta ƙarshe da ta haifar da babbar barna da asarar rayuka a tsibirin Virgin Islands ta faru ne a shekara ta 1867; wannan girgizar kasa ta haifar da tsunami da ta shafi tsibirin Virgin Islands da Puerto Rico.

Shahararrun girgizar ƙasa a Puerto Rico da Virgin Islands

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Date Name Area Mag. MMI Deaths Injuries Total damage / notes
1615-09-08 Hispaniola Dominican Republic 7.5 MI  – – – One of the oldest recorded earthquakes in the Puerto Rico and Caribbean region. It affected Hispaniola and caused damage in Puerto Rico.[4] [2][5]
1670-08-15 Puerto Rico Puerto Rico – – – – Unknown epicenter, it caused damage in San Juan and San Germán, at the time the largest settlements in Puerto Rico. [2]
1717-08-30 Puerto Rico Puerto Rico – VII – – Unknown epicenter, it destroyed Ponce's cathedral. The fact that it did not cause significant damage in Yauco, San Germán and Lajas suggests it was a small event localized close to Ponce. [2]
1787-05-02 Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Trench *8.0–8.2 Mw  IX – – Possibly the strongest earthquake to have hit Puerto Rico since the European colonization. It was strongly felt throughout the island and major damage was reported everywhere except for in the south (although there were minor damage in colonial buildings in Ponce). It destroyed several government buildings, parts of El Morro and other fortifications and walls in San Juan, the cathedral and colonial buildings in Arecibo, and historical buildings in Bayamón, Mayagüez and Toa Baja.

*Contemporary research bestows the possibility that it was not a single 8.0 event but multiple earthquakes ranging from 6.4 to 7.3 MI .

 [2][6][7]
1844-04-16 Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Trench – VIII – – Major damage was recorded in Puerto Rico and Saint Thomas. It damaged most houses in San Juan. [2]
1851-02-22 San Juan Puerto Rico Trench – – – – It caused damage in San Juan's city hall. [2]
1855-12-14 Salinas Puerto Rico – VI – – Said to be the strongest earthquake to have hit Salinas since the town's founding where it caused minor localized damage. It was also felt in Aguas Buenas. [2]
1860-10-23 Mayagüez Puerto Rico – VII – – Felt strongly in Mayagüez where it caused damage. [2]
1865-05-12 Saint Thomas Virgin Islands – – – – Strong doublet earthquakes that hit the Virgin Islands and caused damage in Saint Thomas. [2]
1865-08-30 Puerto Rico Puerto Rico – VI – – Its epicenter was most likely located deep on land in the Central Mountain Ranges region of Puerto Rico. It caused damage in Ponce and Manatí. [2]
1867-11-18 Virgin Islands Virgin Islands 7.5 Ms IX 40+ – It produced a tsunami that affected the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. [2][8]
1868-03-17 Virgin Islands Virgin Islands 6.5 Ms – – – [2][9]
1874-08-26 Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Trench – VI – – It destroyed several houses and buildings in San Juan. [2]
1875-12-08 Arecibo Puerto Rico Trench – VIII – – It caused significant damage in Arecibo and was strongly felt in Ponce. [2]
1890-08-15 Puerto Rico Puerto Rico – – – – It was felt throughout the island and caused damage in Arecibo and Ponce. [2]
1902-05-13 Virgin Islands Virgin Islands – VI – – Felt strongly in Saint Thomas. [2]
1906-09-27 Puerto Rico Puerto Rico – VI – – Felt strongly throughout Puerto Rico and as far as the Dominican Republic and Saint Thomas. Only damage in San Juan was reported, where it caused fissures in the cathedral walls. [2]
1906-10-20 Puerto Rico Puerto Rico – VI – – Felt throughout the island. Possibly an aftershock to the September 27 event. [2]
1908-08-04 Puerto Rico Puerto Rico – VI – – Doublet earthquakes felt throughout Puerto Rico. Damage was reported in Arecibo, Ponce, San Germán and Yauco. [2]
1909-02-17 Virgin Islands Virgin Islands – VI – – Felt in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Minor damage reported in Culebra and Saint Thomas. [2]
1915-10-11 Puerto Rico Puerto Rico 6.4 Mw VI – – Felt strongly in northwestern Puerto Rico, particularly Aguadilla and Isabela, but no major damage or injuries reported. [10]
1917-07-27 Quebradillas Puerto Rico 6.0 Mw – – – [11]
1918-10-11 Puerto Rico Mona Passage 7.1 Mw IX 118 – $4–29 million USD in damage. Damage and injuries were reported throughout the island. Several aftershocks were registered after the main shock, particularly a 6.5 aftershock that occurred the following year. Aftershocks are not included on this list. [2][12]
1920-02-10 Aguadilla Mona Passage 6.4 Mw VI – – Felt throughout Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic but no deaths or injuries were reported. [13]
1943-07-29 Puerto Rico Mona Passage 7.7 Mw VI – – It was felt throughout Puerto Rico but no deaths or injuries were reported. Detected on seismographs in New York, Boston and as far as Europe. Minor damages were reported across the island. Numerous aftershocks, including two large ones over 6.0 Mw occurred the following dates, not included on this list. [2][14]
1946-08-04 Dominican Republic Dominican Republic 8.1 Ms IX *2,550 – Large earthquake centered in the Samaná Peninsula of the Dominican Republic.

*All deaths occurred in the Dominican Republic. No deaths or injuries was reported in Puerto Rico. Localized damaged was however reported throughout the island. A small tsunami was recorded in Mayagüez, Aguadilla and as far away in San Juan and even Daytona Beach, FL and Atlantic City, NJ. This is the largest earthquake to have hit the Caribbean region in the 20th century. It was followed by numerous aftershocks, the largest being 7.4 registered 4 days after the main shock.

 [2]
1966-11-03 Punta Cana Mona Passage 6.0 Mw – – – Felt in northwestern Puerto Rico. [15]
1970-07-08 Saint Croix Virgin Islands 6.1 Mw IV – – Felt across Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Minor damages in St. Thomas and St. Croix. [16]
1979-03-23 Dominican Republic Mona Passage 6.1 Mw VI – – Felt throughout the Dominican Republic, Haiti and Puerto Rico, and even as far away as Colombia. [17]
1981-08-24 Puerto Rico Mona Passage 5.7 Mw – – – Felt throughout the island. Minor damage in Guayanilla. [17]
1988-11-03 Quebradillas Puerto Rico Trench 6.0 Mw IV – – Felt across Puerto Rico. No damages or injuries reported. [18]
2001-10-17 Charlotte Amalie Virgin Islands 6.0 Mw IV – – Earthquake swarm. [19]
2008-10-11 Charlotte Amalie Virgin Islands 6.1 Mw V – – Felt in Puerto Rico, the US and British Virgin Islands. [20]
2010-05-16 Moca Puerto Rico 5.8 Mw VI – – Felt throughout Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and the US and British Islands. It is colloquially known as the 2010 Moca earthquake. It caused minor damage in the western and northwestern regions of Puerto Rico, and a minor landslide that affected a portion of PR-111. It is the largest Puerto Rican earthquake to have occurred on land in recent times. [21]
2010-12-24 Aguas Buenas Puerto Rico 5.1 Mw V – – Felt throughout Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands. It is colloquially known as the 2010 Aguas Buenas earthquake or the "2010 Nochebuena earthquake" (2010 Christmas Eve earthquake). It caused minor damage throughout the island and localized power outages throughout the Caguas and San Juan regions. It is the largest earthquake to directly hit the San Juan Metropolitan region in recent times. [22]
2011-12-17 Rincón Puerto Rico 5.2 Mw VI – – Doublet earthquakes (5.2 and 5.1). [23][24]
2014-01-13 Hatillo Puerto Rico Trench 6.4 Mw V – – Felt throughout Puerto Rico. [25]
2019-03-12 Guayama Puerto Rico 4.6 Mw V – – Felt throughout Puerto Rico. Localized minor damage in Guayama. It was followed by several aftershocks including a 4.1 which was the largest. [26]
2019-09-24 Quebradillas Mona Passage 6.0 Mw V – – Felt throughout Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. It produced several aftershocks of which the September 26 one was the largest (5.1) and also resulted in minor localized damage. [27]
2019-12-28 Guánica Puerto Rico 4.7 Mw V – – First notable temblor in the earthquake swarm sequence of shocks that affected the southwestern portion of Puerto Rico from December 2019 throughout 2020. [28]
2020-01-06 Guayanilla Puerto Rico 5.8 Mw VI – – Foreshock of the January 7th earthquake, destroyed Punta Ventana and greatly affected Guayanilla causing significant damage there and in nearby municipalities. [29]
2020-01-07 Guayanilla Puerto Rico 6.4 Mw VIII 4 9 Strongest in the earthquake swarm sequence of shocks that affected the southwestern portion of Puerto Rico from December 2019 throughout 2020. It caused significant damage and power outages throughout the island. Fourteen aftershocks above 5.0 Mw , not included on this list. [30]
2023-04-09 Guánica Puerto Rico 4.5 Mw V – – Strong aftershock of the 2019–2020 sequence, felt strongly throughout Puerto Rico. [31]
2023-12-09 Cruz Bay Virgin Islands 5.7 Mw V – – Felt throughout the British and U.S. Virgin Islands and eastern Puerto Rico. [32]
2024-05-15 Aguadilla Puerto Rico Trench 5.6 Mw V – – Felt widely throughout Puerto Rico and Punta Cana in the Dominican Republic. [33]
2025-02-25 Punta Cana Dominican Republic 5.9 Mw VI – – Felt strongly in the Dominican Republic and western Puerto Rico. Reports of minor damage in Punta Cana and the western Dominican Republic. [34]
2025-05-04 Cruz Bay Virgin Islands 5.6 Mw V – – Felt throughout the British and U.S. Virgin Islands and eastern Puerto Rico. [35]
2025-06-24 Punta Cana Dominican Republic 5.7 Mw VI – – Felt widely throughout the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Minor damage reported in Moca and Lares in western Puerto Rico. [36]
2025-08-05 Dominican Republic Dominican Republic 5.7 Mw VI – – Felt widely through the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. [37]

Dubi kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ "Puerto Rico Seismic Network". redsismica.uprm.edu. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 "Terremotos en Puerto Rico | EcoExploratorio: Museo de Ciencias de Puerto Rico" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-09-11. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ "Red Sísmica de Puerto Rico". redsismica.uprm.edu. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
  4. ↑ "Significant Earthquakes on a major fault system in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the Lesser Antilles, 1500–2010: Implications for Seismic Hazard" (in Turanci). United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  5. ↑ "M 7.5 - Near the South Coast of the Dominican Republic". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-25.
  6. ↑ McCann, W.; Feldman, L.; McCann, M. (2010). "Catalog of felt earthquakes for Puerto Rico and neighboring islands 1493-1899 with additional information for some 20th century earthquakes". Revista Geofísica. 62: 182–192.
  7. ↑ "M 6.9 - North of Puerto Rico". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  8. ↑ "M 7.3 - The 1867 Virgin Islands Earthquake". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  9. ↑ "M 6.5 - Virgin Islands Region". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  10. ↑ "M 6.4 - 120 km N of Isabela, Puerto Rico". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  11. ↑ "M 6.0 - 93 km NNW of San Antonio, Puerto Rico". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  12. ↑ "M 7.1 - 24 km NNW of San Antonio, Puerto Rico". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  13. ↑ "M 6.4 - 32 km NW of Aguadilla, Puerto Rico". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  14. ↑ "M 7.7 - 45 km N of San Antonio, Puerto Rico". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  15. ↑ "M 6.0 - 79 km NE of Punta Cana, Dominican Republic". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  16. ↑ "M 6.1 - 22 km NNE of Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  17. 1 2 "Latest Earthquakes". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
  18. ↑ "M 6.0 - 67 km NNW of San Antonio, Puerto Rico". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  19. ↑ "M 6.0 - 112 km N of Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  20. ↑ "M 6.1 - 91 km N of Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  21. ↑ "M 5.8 - 4 km E of Moca, Puerto Rico". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  22. ↑ "M 5.1 - 3 km W of Aguas Buenas, Puerto Rico". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  23. ↑ "M 5.1 - 21 km SW of Stella, Puerto Rico". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  24. ↑ "M 5.2 - 19 km SW of Stella, Puerto Rico". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  25. ↑ "M 6.4 - 61 km N of Hatillo, Puerto Rico". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  26. ↑ "M 4.6 - 3 km SSW of Jobos, Puerto Rico". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  27. ↑ "M 6.0 - 67 km NNW of San Antonio, Puerto Rico". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  28. ↑ ANSS (January 31, 2019). "Search results". Retrieved January 31, 2019.
  29. ↑ "M 5.8 - 14 km S of Indios, Puerto Rico". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  30. ↑ "M 6.4 - 4 km SSE of Indios, Puerto Rico". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  31. ↑ "M 4.5 - Puerto Rico region". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  32. ↑ "M 5.7 - 74 km NE of Cruz Bay, U.S. Virgin Islands". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  33. ↑ "M 5.6 - 92 km NNW of San Antonio, Puerto Rico". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  34. ↑ "M 5.9 - 102 km NNE of Punta Cana, Dominican Republic". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  35. ↑ "M 5.6 - 88 km NE of Cruz Bay, U.S. Virgin Islands". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  36. ↑ "M 5.7 - 77 km NNE of Punta Cana, Dominican Republic". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  37. ↑ "M 5.7 - 38 km SE of Boca de Yuma, Dominican Republic". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
Daga "https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerin_girgizar_ƙasa_a_Puerto_Rico_da_Virgin_Islands&oldid=698254"