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Jerin tsibirai a cikin Tekun Pacific

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Jerin tsibirai a cikin Tekun Pacific
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Tsibirin da ke cikin Tekun Pacific sun kasu kashi uku

Tsibirin Pacific rukuni ne na tsibirai a cikin Tekun Pacific . An kara rarraba su zuwa manyan tsibirai uku: Melanesia, Micronesia, da Polynesia. Dangane da mahallin, kalmar Tsibirin Pacific na iya nufin ɗaya daga cikin ra'ayoyi da yawa: (1) waɗancan tsibirin Pacific waɗanda mutanensu ke da asalin Austronesian, (2) tsibirin Pacific sau ɗaya ko a halin yanzu sun mallaki bayan 1500 AZ, (3) yankin ƙasa na Oceania, ko (4) kowane tsibiri da ke cikin Tekun Pacific.

Wannan jerin tsibirai a cikin Tekun Pacific an shirya su ne ta tsibirin ko iyakar siyasa. Don kiyaye wannan jerin matsakaiciyar girman, an haɗa cikakkun jerin ga ƙasashe masu yawan ƙananan tsibirai ko tsibirai marasa zama.

Sunan da ba a fahimta ba da kuma rukuni

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Ma'anar biogeographic da aka saba amfani da ita ta haɗa da tsibirai tare da ilimin ƙasa na teku waɗanda ke cikin Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia da gabashin Pacific (wanda aka fi sani da kudu maso gabashin Pacific).[1][2] Wadannan galibi ana daukar su a matsayin "Tropical Pacific Islands". A cikin shekarun 1990s, masu ilimin muhalli Dieter Mueller-Dombois da Frederic Raymond Fosberg sun raba Tsibirin Tropical Pacific zuwa cikin waɗannan yankuna:

  • Yammacin Melanesia Tsibirin Bismarck da sauran tsibirai kai tsaye a gabashin New Guinea Bougainville da Tsibirin Buka Tsibirin Solomon
  • Gabashin Melanesia Tsibirin Santa Cruz Vanuatu New Caledonia Fiji
  • Tsibirin da ke cikin wurare masu zafi a yankin Australia / New Zealand Lord Howe Island Norfolk Island
  • Micronesia Tsibirin Bonin da Tsibirin Volcano Tsibirin Marcus Tsibirin Marianas na Arewacin Marianas Tsibirin Caroline Tsibirin Nauru da Banaba Tsibirin Wake Palau Tsibirin Marshall Tsibirin Gilbert (Kiribati)
  • Tsakiyar Polynesia Johnston Atoll Tsibirin Phoenix Tsibirin Line Howland, Tsibirin Baker, Tsibirin Jarvis, Tsibirin Malden da Tsibirin Starbuck Tuvalu, Tokelau da Tsibirin Cook na Arewa (Pukapuka, Nassau, Rakahanga, Manihiki, Penrhyn, Suwarrow da Palmerston)
    • Johnston Atoll
    • Tsibirin Phoenix
    • Tsibirin LineTsibirin Layin
    • Tsibirin Howland, Tsibirin Baker, Tsibirin Jarvis, Tsibirin Malden da Tsibirin Starbuck
    • Tuvalu, Tokelau da Tsibirin Cook na Arewa (Pukapuka, Nassau, Rakahanga, Manihiki, Penrhyn, Suwarrow da Palmerston)
  • Yammacin Polynesia Tonga Samoa Wallis da Futuna Niue
  • Gabashin Polynesia Sauran tsibirin Cook tsibirin Austral tsibirin Society tsibirin Tuamotu da tsibirin Pitcairn tsibirin Easter da Salas y Gómez tsibirin Marquesas
    • Sauran Tsibirin Cook
    • Tsibirin Austral
    • Tsibirin SocietyTsibirin Jama'a
    • Tsibirin Tuamotu da Tsibirin Pitcairn
    • Tsibirin Easter da Salas da Gómez
    • Tsibirin Marquesas
  • Arewacin Polynesia Tsibirin Hawaii
  • Tsibirin Oceanic na Gabashin Pacific Tsibirin Revillagigedo Tsibirin Cocos da Tsibirin Malpelo Tsibirin Clipperton Tsibirin Galápagos Tsibirin Desventuradas Tsibirin Juan Fernández
    • Tsibirin Revillagigedo
    • Tsibirin Cocos da Tsibirin Malpelo
    • Tsibirin Clipperton
    • Tsibirin Galápagos
    • Tsibirin Desventuradas
    • Tsibirin Juan Fernández

Geopolitics da rukuni na Oceania

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Samfuri:Oceania Labelled Map

Exclusive economic zones of Oceania and adjacent areas. Non-tropical islands in the extreme north Pacific, such as the Aleutian Islands, are excluded from the map.

Littafin 2007 Asia in the Pacific Islands: Replaccing the West, na masanin New Zealand Pacific Ron Crocombe, yayi la'akari da kalmar Pacific Islands don ya ƙunshi siyasa Samoa ta Amurka, Australia, Bonin Islands, Cook Islands, Easter Island, East Timor, Tarayyar Tarayyar Amurka ta Micronesia, Fiji, Faransa Polynesia, tsibirin Galápagos, Guam, Hawaii, tsibirin Kercmade, Kiribati, Lord Howe Island, Marshall, Nauruuru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, New Guinea Atoll, New Guinea, New Guinea Island, New Guinea Bay Bay, New Guinea's, tsibirin, tsibirin Peru, tsibirin Atoll, tsibirin Western, tsibirin Ne Ne Ne Ne, tsibirin Triak, tsibirin Wall, tsibirin Solomon, tsibirin Tur, tsibirin South, tsibirin Panama, tsibirin Futu, tsibirin Yamma, tsibirin Fal, tsibirin Bay Bay Bay Bay, tsibirin Wy, tsibirin Iowa, tsibirin Tun, tsibirin Wales, tsibirin Sun, tsibirin Holland, tsibirin Sand, tsibirin West, tsibirin Victoria, tsibirin Vanu, tsibirin Atlantic, tsibirin Saudi, Crocombe ya lura cewa tsibirin Easter, tsibirin Lord Howe, tsibirin Norfolk, tsibirin Galápagos, Tsibirin Kermadec, tsibirin Pitcairn da Tsibirin Torres Strait a halin yanzu ba su da alaƙa ta geopolitics zuwa Asiya, amma suna iya zama muhimmancin dabarun gaba a Asiya-Pacific. Wani ma'anar da aka bayar a cikin littafin don kalmar tsibirin 'Tsibirin Pacific' da Al'ummar Pacific ke aiki, wanda aka fi sani da Hukumar Kudancin Pacific. Kungiyar ci gaba ce wacce membobinta suka hada da Ostiraliya da tsibirai da aka ambata a sama wadanda ba su da wani bangare na siyasa na wasu ƙasashe.[3] A cikin littafinsa na 1962 War in the Pacific: Strategy and Command, marubucin Amurka Louis Morton ya sanya tsibirin tsibirin Pacific a ƙarƙashin lakabin "Duniya ta Pacific". Ya yi la'akari da shi don ya ƙunshi yankunan da ke cikin Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Pacific na yakin duniya na biyu. Wadannan yankuna sun hada da tsibirin Melanesia, Micronesia da Polynesia, da Australia, tsibirin Aleutian, Indonesia, Japan, Philippines, Tsibirin Ryukyu da Taiwan.

1851 taswirar Pacific da ke lissafin sunayen mulkin mallaka na tsibirai.

Tun daga farkon karni na 19, masana ilimin kasa sun hade Australiya da tsibiran Pacific zuwa wani yanki mai suna Oceania. Ana amfani da ita sau da yawa azaman nahiya, tare da Tekun Pasifik shine ma'anar siffa.[3] A wasu ƙasashe, irin su Argentina, Brazil, China, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Faransa, Girka, Italiya, Mexico, Netherlands, Peru, Spain, Switzerland ko Venezuela, ana ganin Oceania a matsayin nahiyar da ta dace a ma'anar cewa ita ce "ɗaya daga cikin sassan duniya". yanzu muna shiga" kuma "Ostiraliya ta zama siffa ta tsakiya kuma mafi mahimmanci."[5] Ma'anar karni na 19 sun ƙunshi yankin tun farkon tsibiran Malay, kuma yana ƙarewa kusa da Amurka. A cikin karni na 19, yawancin masanan labarin kasa sun raba Oceania zuwa mafi yawan rabe-raben kabilanci; Australasia, Malaysia (wanda ya ƙunshi tsibiran Malay), Melanesia, Micronesia da Polynesia. Littafin The Pacific Island States na 1995, na marubucin Ostiraliya Stephen Henningham, ya yi iƙirarin cewa Oceania a cikin ma'anarta mafi fa'ida "ta haɗa dukkan wuraren da ba su da kyau tsakanin Amurka da Asiya." A cikin mafi fa'idar amfani da shi, zai iya haɗawa da Ostiraliya, Melanesia, Micronesia da Polynesian tsibiran, Jafananci da tsibiran Malay, Taiwan, Tsibirin Ryukyu da Kuril, tsibiran Aleutian da keɓaɓɓen tsibiran da ke kusa da Latin Amurka kamar tsibiran Juan Fernández. Tsibiran da ke da alaƙar ƙasa da tarihi zuwa babban yankin Asiya (kamar waɗanda ke cikin tsibiran Malay) ba a cika haɗa su cikin ma'anar Oceania na yanzu ba, haka kuma tsibiran da ba na wurare masu zafi ba a arewacin Hawaii. Littafin 2004 The Making of Anthropology: The Semiotics of Self and Other in the Western Tradition, by Jacob Pandian da Susan Parman, ya ce "wasu sun ware daga Oceania tsibiran da ba na wurare masu zafi irin su Ryukyu, tsibirin Aleutian da Japan, da tsibiran irin su Formosa, Indonesia da Philippines waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ƙasashen Asiya da tekun Philippines. ."

Wasu ma'anonin ilimin ɗan adam sun ƙuntata Oceania har ma da ƙari don kawai haɗawa da tsibirai waɗanda ke cikin al'adu a cikin Melanesia, Micronesia da Polynesia.[4] Sabanin haka, Encyclopedia Britannica ta yi imanin cewa kalmar Tsibirin Pacific ya fi dacewa da Melanesia, Micronesia da Polynesia, kuma cewa Oceania, a mafi girman ma'anarsa, ta ƙunshi duk yankunan Pacific waɗanda ba su fada cikin Melanesia ba, Micr Indonesia da Polynasia.[5] The World Factbook da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun rarraba Oceania / yankin Pacific a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan yankuna bakwai na duniya, kuma kungiyoyin biyu suna la'akari da shi don ya ƙunshi siyasa Samoa ta Amurka, Ostiraliya, Tsibirin Kirsimeti, Cocos (Keeling), Tsibirin Cook, Tarayyar Amurka ta Micronesia, Polynesia ta Faransa, Fiji, Guam, Kiribati, Tsibirin Marshall, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Tsibirin Norfolk, tsibirin Mariana, Palau, Papua New Guinea, tsibirin Solomon, tsibirin, tsibirin Arewa, tsibirin Vanuatu, tsibirin Futuna, tsibirin Peru, tsibirin Tuvalu, tsibirin Singapore, tsibirin Saudi, tsibirin[6]

Tun daga shekarun 1950, mutane da yawa (musamman a cikin ƙasashen da ke magana da Ingilishi) sun kalli Ostiraliya a matsayin ƙasa mai girman nahiyar, kodayake har yanzu ana kallon su a wasu lokuta a matsayin Tsibirin Pacific, ko kuma a matsayin nahiya da Tsibirin Pacific.[7] Ostiraliya memba ce ta kafa kungiyar Pacific Islands Forum, wacce yanzu aka amince da ita a matsayin babbar hukumar da ke kula da yankin Oceania.[8] Yana aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar kasuwanci kuma yana hulɗa da batutuwan tsaro, ba kamar al'ummar Pacific ba, wanda ya haɗa da mafi yawan membobin iri ɗaya. A shekara ta 2021, Taron Tsibirin Pacific ya hada da dukkan kasashe masu zaman kansu na Tsibirin Pacific, kamar Tarayyar Tarayyar Micronesia, Fiji da Tonga, ban da dogaro da wasu kasashe, kamar Samoa ta Amurka, Polynesia ta Faransa da Guam. Tsibirin da aka haɗa su cikin wasu ƙasashe, gami da tsibirin Easter (Chile) da Hawaii (Amurka), suma sun nuna sha'awar shiga. Tony deBrum, Ministan Harkokin Waje na Marshall Islands, ya bayyana a cikin 2014, "Ba wai kawai Australia ce babban ɗan'uwanmu a kudu ba, Australia memba ce ta Pacific Islands Forum kuma Australia tsibiri ne na Pacific, babban tsibiri, amma tsibirin Pacific. " [7] Japan da wasu ƙasashe na Malay Archipelago (ciki har da East Timor, Indonesia da Philippines) suna da wakilci a cikin Pacific Islands Forum, amma babu wani cikakken memba. Al'umman Malay Archipelago suna da nasu kungiyar gudanarwa ta yanki da ake kira ASEAN, wanda ya hada da kasashe na kudu maso gabashin Asiya kamar Vietnam da Thailand. [9][10] A watan Yulin 2019, a baje kolin Indonesiya da aka gudanar a Auckland, Indonesia ta kaddamar da shirin ta na 'Pacific Elevation', wanda zai kunshi sabon zamani na babban aiki tare da yankin, tare da kasar kuma ta yi amfani da taron don yin ikirarin cewa Indonesia tana da alaƙa da al'adu da kabilanci da tsibirin Pacific. Manyan mutane daga Australia, New Zealand da wasu ƙasashen tsibirin Pacific sun halarci taron.[11]

Jerin manyan tsibirai na Pacific

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Tsibirin Tekun Pacific da ya dace, tare da yanki mafi girma fiye da 10,000 km2. 

Sunan Yankin (km2) Kasar / Kasashe Yawan jama'a Yawan jama'a Yankin Yankin da ke kusa
Sabuwar Guinea 785,753 Indonesia, Papua New Guinea 14,800,000 18.8 Oceania Melanesia
Borneo 748,168 Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei 23,053,723 30.8 Asiya Kudu maso gabashin Asiya
Honshu 227,960 Japan 103,000,000 451.8 Asiya Gabashin Asiya
Sulawesi 174,600 Indonesia 18,455,000 105.7 Asiya Kudu maso gabashin Asiya
Tsibirin Kudancin 150,437 New Zealand 1,201,300 7.5 Oceania Australasia / Polynesia
Tsibirin Arewa 113,729 New Zealand 4,749,200 33.0 Oceania Australasia / Polynesia
Luzon 109,965 Philippines 48,520,000 441.2 Asiya Kudu maso gabashin Asiya
Mindanao 104,530 Philippines 25,281,000 241.9 Asiya Kudu maso gabashin Asiya
Tasmania 90,758 Ostiraliya 514,700 5.7 Oceania Australasia
Hokkaido 77,981 Japan 5,474,000 70.2 Asiya Gabashin Asiya
Sakhalin 72,493 Rasha 580,000 8.0 Asiya Arewacin Asiya
Tsibirin Taiwan (Formosa) 35,883 Taiwan 23,000,000 641.0 Asiya Gabashin Asiya
Kyushu 35,640 Japan 13,231,000 371.2 Asiya Gabashin Asiya
Sabuwar Burtaniya 35,145 Papua New Guinea 513,926 14.6 Oceania Melanesia
Tsibirin Hainan 33,210 China 8,180,000 246.3 Asiya Gabashin Asiya
Tsibirin Vancouver 31,285 Kanada 759,366 24.2 Arewacin Amurka Arewacin Amurka
Shikoku 18,800 Japan 4,141,955 220.3 Asiya Gabashin Asiya
Babban Duniya 16,648 Sabuwar Caledonia (Faransa) 208,709 12.5 Oceania Melanesia
Palawan 12,189 Philippines 430,000 35.3 Asiya Kudu maso gabashin Asiya
Hawaii 10,434 Amurka 185,079 17.7 Oceania Polynesia
Viti Levu 10,388 Fiji 600,000 57.0 Oceania Melanesia

Ta nahiyar

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  1. ↑ Nunn, Patrick D.; Kumar, Lalit; Eliot, Ian; McLean, Roger F. (2016-03-02). "Classifying Pacific islands | Geoscience Letters | Full Text". Geoscience Letters. Geoscienceletters.springeropen.com. 3 (1): 1–19. Bibcode:2016GSL.....3....7N. doi:10.1186/s40562-016-0041-8. S2CID 53970527.
  2. ↑ Udvardy, Miklos D.F. "A Classification of the Biogeographical Provinces of the World" (PDF). UNESCO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 May 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named asianpacific
  4. ↑ paul d'Arcy paul d'Arcy (2012-09-18). "Oceania and Australasia | The Oxford Handbook of World History | Oxford Academic". Academic.oup.com. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
  5. ↑ "Pacific Islands | Countries, Map, & Facts". Britannica. Archived from the original on Jan 5, 2024.
  6. ↑ "UNSD — Methodology". Unstats.un.org. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
  7. 1 2 O'Malley, Nick (September 21, 2014). "'Australia is a Pacific island - it has a responsibility'". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  8. ↑ "Consultations on Pacific Islands Forum 2050 Strategy". Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
  9. ↑ "The Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) | Coopération Régionale et Relations Extérieures de la Nouvelle-Calédonie". Cooperation-regionale.gouv.nc. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
  10. ↑ "Japan, U.S. Increase cooperation to enhance Pacific islands' security | Indo-Pacific Defense Forum".
  11. ↑ "Indonesia's "Pacific elevation": Elevating what and who? - Griffith Asia Insights".
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