Jersey Yaren mutanen Holland

Jersey Yaren mutanen Holland
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Indo-Turai; Germanic languages (en) ; West Germanic languages (en) ; Weser-Rhine Germanic (en) ; (ilimin harshe) a faransanci; Low Franconian (en) ; Dutch (en) ; Jersey Yaren mutanen Holland; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Baƙaƙen boko
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	–

Jersey Dutch (Yaren mutanen Holland: Laag Duits) (Ƙananan Yaren mutanen Holland), wanda kuma aka sani da Bergen Dutch,[

yare ne na Dutch da aka yi amfani da shi a arewa maso gabashin New Jersey daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 17 har zuwa farkon ƙarni na 20. Ya samo asali ne a ɗaya daga cikin yankuna biyu masu magana da harshen Dutch waɗanda suka kasance sama da ƙarni biyu bayan rushewar ikon Dutch a Arewacin Amurka, ɗayan (a kusa da Albany, New York) wanda ya haifar da Mohawk Dutch. Wataƙila ya kasance wani ɓangare na creole [ wanda ya dogara da yarukan Zeelandic da Yammacin Flemish Dutch tare da Ingilishi da wataƙila wasu abubuwan Lenape.

Jersey Dutch ta yi magana da zuriyar New Netherlanders waɗanda suka zauna a Bergen, New Netherlands, a cikin 1630, da kuma Black bayi da 'yanci masu launin fata da ke zaune a wannan yankin, da kuma mutanen Indiyawan Amurka da aka sani da Ramapough Lenape Nation.

Iri-iri

A tsakiyar karni na goma sha takwas, bisa ga wani kimantawa, har zuwa kashi 20% na yawan mutanen yankunan New Jersey tare da "mai karfi na Dutch" sun kasance bayi. Baƙar fata waɗanda suka girma a cikin al'ummomin Holland da ke cikin tsibirin an haife su suna magana da yaren Dutch, ko kuma sun karbe shi daga baya a rayuwa, don yin magana tare da takwarorinsu na fararen Dutch da kuma juna.^[1] Wasu baƙi a wannan lokacin suna magana da Yaren mutanen Holland a matsayin yarensu na farko ko kawai, kuma ga wasu da suka san yaren abin alfahari ne: ^[1]

Fasahar sauti

Tsarin wasula na Jersey Dutch ya bambanta sosai daga Standard Dutch, da kuma yarukan Dutch daga inda ya samo asali, watakila saboda tasirin Turanci na Amurka.^[2] Shafin da ke biyowa ya dogara ne akan jawabin fararen Jersey Dutch guda biyu da aka rubuta a 1910 da 1941 bi da bi. Kalmomin "sun nuna cewa an tabbatar da wasula a cikin 'yan siffofi".^[3]

Sautin sauti na Jersey na Dutch
	A gaba				Tsakiya	Komawa
	ba a zagaye ba		zagaye			Komawa
	gajeren lokaci	Tsawon Lokaci	gajeren lokaci	Tsawon Lokaci		gajeren lokaci	Tsawon Lokaci
Kusa	(ɪ)	iː		yː		(ʊ)	uː
Tsakanin Tsakiya		eː	œ	œː			oː
Bude-tsakiya	ɛ				(ʌ)	ɔ	ɔː
Bude	æ	æː				ɑ	ɑː
Diphthongs	ai̯ (æi̯) ɛu̯ (œːu̯) aːu̯

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

Jersey Dutch consonants sun fi kama da na Standard Dutch, tare da 'yan kaɗan.^[2]

		Labari	Alveolar	Dorsal	Gishiri
Hanci		m	n	ŋ
Plosive	ba tare da murya ba	p	t	k
Plosive	murya	b	d	(Abin da ya faru)
Fricative	ba tare da murya ba	f	s	x	h
Fricative	murya	v	z	(ɣ)
Kusanci		w	ɫ	j
Rhotic			ɹ

Manazarta

1 2 Dewulf, Jeroen (2015-05-01). ""A Strong Barbaric Accent": America's Dutch-Speaking Black Community from Seventeenth-Century New Netherland to Nineteenth-Century New York and New Jersey". American Speech (in Turanci). 90 (2): 131–153. doi:10.1215/00031283-3130302. ISSN 0003-1283.
1 2 Shetter, William Z. (1958). "A Final Word on Jersey Dutch". American Speech. 33 (4): 243–251. doi:10.2307/453863. ISSN 0003-1283. JSTOR 453863. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Empty citation (help)

[:0-1] 1 2 Dewulf, Jeroen (2015-05-01). ""A Strong Barbaric Accent": America's Dutch-Speaking Black Community from Seventeenth-Century New Netherland to Nineteenth-Century New York and New Jersey". American Speech (in Turanci). 90 (2): 131–153. doi:10.1215/00031283-3130302. ISSN 0003-1283.

[:1-2] 1 2 Shetter, William Z. (1958). "A Final Word on Jersey Dutch". American Speech. 33 (4): 243–251. doi:10.2307/453863. ISSN 0003-1283. JSTOR 453863. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content

[3] Empty citation (help)

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