Jig
 Jig | |
|---|---|
musical form (en)  , Nau'in kiɗa da type of dance (en) | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
Baroque dance (en) , Irish folk dance (en) , Scottish folk dance (en) da folk dance music (en) |
| Suna a harshen gida | Jig |
| Al'ada |
Celtic art (en) |
| Ƙasa da aka fara | Birtaniya da Ireland |
| Lokacin farawa | 16 century |
| Uses (en) |
Arcangelo Corelli (mul) , Antonio Vivaldi (mul) , Jean-Philippe Rameau, Johann Sebastian Bach da Claude Debussy (mul) |
Jig ( Irish , Scottish Gaelic ) wani nau'i ne na rawa ta gargajiya mai rai a cikin mita mai hade, da kuma waƙar rawa mai rakiya. Ya fara samun karbuwa a duk faɗin Tsibiran Burtaniya a ƙarni na 16, [1] [2] kuma an karɓe shi a babban yankin Turai inda daga ƙarshe ya zama motsi na ƙarshe na babban ɗakin rawa na Baroque ( gigue na Faransa; giga na Italiya da Sifaniyanci). A yau an fi danganta shi da kiɗan rawa na Irish, rawa na ƙasar Scotland, kiɗan gargajiya na Faransa da rawa da mutanen Métis a Kanada. Jigs da farko suna cikin mita mai hade huɗu, (misali, 12 sau 12 ), amma an daidaita su da nau'ikan sa hannu na lokaci daban-daban, wanda galibi ana rarraba su zuwa ƙungiyoyi, gami da jigs biyu ( 6 8 ), zamewar jigs ( 9 8 ) da jigs guda ɗaya ( 12 8 ).
Asalin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kalmar jig wataƙila an samo ta ne daga giguer na Faransa, ma'ana 'tsallake' ko giga na Italiya . Amfani da 'jig' a cikin rawar Irish ya samo asali ne daga jigeánnai na Irish, wanda aka aro daga Old English giga ma'ana 'tsohon rawa'. An san shi da rawa a Ingila ta ƙarni na 16, sau da yawa a cikin 12 Sau 12, kuma an yi amfani da kalmar don nishaɗin bayan wasa wanda ke nuna rawa a farkon Ingila ta zamani, amma wanda 'mai yiwuwa ya yi amfani da nau'ikan rawa iri-iri, solo (wanda ya dace da jigs), biyu, zagaye, ƙasa ko kotu'; [3] a cikin Playford's <i id="mwVw">Dancing Master</i> (1651) 'wasan rawa a cikin "Kemps Jegg" yanayi ne na yau da kullun daga jig mai ban mamaki kuma yana iya yiwuwa haɗin mitar rawa don matakai da sassan da ba na ma'auni ba don pantomime yana nuna yadda 'yan wasan mataki za su iya rawa da jig na solo ko ƙungiya.' [3] Daga baya rawan ta fara da alaƙa da kiɗa musamman a cikin 6 Sau 6, kuma tare da zamewa jigs 9 Sau 9
Ireland da Scotland
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A tsakiyar karni na 16, an rungumi rawa a Ireland da kuma a Scotland a karni na 17, inda aka saba da ita sosai, kuma yanzu ana danganta rawa da waɗannan ƙasashe, musamman Ireland. Jig ɗin shine na biyu a shahararriyar rawa bayan reel a cikin rawa ta gargajiya ta Irish; yana da shahara amma ba a saba da shi ba a cikin kiɗan rawa na ƙasar Scotland. Ana rubuta shi a cikin mita mai hade, kasancewarsa 6 Sau 6 Tsarin da aka fi amfani da shi na jig shine sassa biyu masu sanduna takwas, suna yin matakai biyu daban-daban, kowannensu yana kan ƙafar dama, ɗaya kuma yana kan ƙafar hagu. Kamar yadda yake da yawancin sauran nau'ikan waƙoƙin rawa a cikin kiɗan Irish, a zaman ko rawa, abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare a haɗa jig biyu ko fiye a cikin saiti, suna gudana ba tare da katsewa ba.
A cikin rawar mataki na Irish
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana lura da wannan bambanci a cikin rawar Irish ta zamani mai gasa kuma bai kamata a rikita shi da ra'ayin gabaɗaya game da yadda ake buga jigs da rarraba su tsakanin mawakan gargajiya na Irish ba. [4]
Ƙananan jigs
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Jig mai sauƙi shine na biyu mafi sauri a cikin dukkan jig. Ƙafafun mai wasan kwaikwayo ba sa barin ƙasa na dogon lokaci, saboda matakin yana da sauri, yawanci ana yin sa a gudu kusa da 116 a feiseanna . Akwai matakai da yawa na jig mai sauƙi, suna bambanta da kowace makarantar rawa, amma matakin tashi, ko kuma hawa da niƙa, daidaitacce ne a kusan dukkan jig mai sauƙi. Sigar gefen dama na matakin tashi ana yin ta ne ta hanyar sanya nauyi a kan ƙafar hagu, ɗaga ƙafar dama daga ƙasa sannan a yi tsalle a ƙafar hagu sau ɗaya. Yi tsalle a ƙafar hagu, dawo da ƙafar dama a bayan ƙafar hagu sannan a motsa nauyin a kan ƙafar dama, a bar ƙafar hagu a sararin sama. Masu rawa suna amfani da kalmar "yi tsalle, yi tsalle baya" don waɗannan motsi uku, kuma akwai ɗan ɗan dakata tsakanin tsalle, da tsalle baya. Motsi na gaba shine tsalle a ƙafar dama. Sannan a canza nauyin, hagu-dama-hagu-dama. Kalmomin wannan duka motsi shine: "yi tsalle, yi tsalle baya, yi tsalle baya 2-3." Don yin matakin a ƙafar hagu, juya alkiblar hagu da dama. [5]
Zamewa jigs
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Zane-zanen slip suna cikin 9 Sau 9 Saboda tsayin ma'auni, sun fi tsayi fiye da reel da haske jig, tare da adadin sanduna iri ɗaya ga kiɗan. Ana yin rawan a kan yatsun kafa, kuma sau da yawa ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin "ballet of Irish dance" saboda kyawawan motsinsa waɗanda suke kama da suna zamewa a ƙasa. Ana yin jig ɗin zamewa a gudun 113 bpm a feiseanna.
Jigs guda ɗaya da biyu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bai kamata a rikita jigs guda ɗaya da zamiya ba; su ne mafi ƙarancin jigs da aka saba yi, ana yin su a cikin glillies, a cikin 6 8 ko ƙasa da haka yawanci 12 Sau 12 A fannin kiɗa, jig ɗin guda ɗaya yana bin tsarin bayanin kwata sai kuma bayanin lamba ta takwas (sau biyu a kowace 6 8 sandar), yayin da tsarin jig ɗin sau biyu shine rubutu uku na takwas sau biyu a kowace 6 8 mashaya.
Jigs na Hop
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Jig ɗin Hop sune mafi sauri daga cikin dukkan jig ɗin da ke kusa da jig masu haske, amma kalmar jig ɗin hop tana haifar da wasu ruɗani, kamar yadda wasu mutane ke amfani da ita don jig ɗaya, yayin da wasu ke amfani da wannan kalmar don nufin waƙa a cikin 9 Sau 9 .
Daga cikin na ƙarshe, wasu ba sa bambanta shi da jig ɗin zamewa, yayin da wasu ke keɓe kalmar ga nau'in jig ɗin zamewa wanda ke da halaye na musamman, musamman ma fi mai da hankali kan kwata-kwata - nau'ikan note na takwas .
Jerin wasannin Treble
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana yin jigs masu ƙarfi (wanda kuma ake kira jig mai ƙarfi ko mai nauyi) a cikin takalma masu tauri, da kuma zuwa ga 6 Mita 6 Ana siffanta su da stumps, trebles, da clicks. Ana yin rawa da yawa a lokacin treble jig, kaɗan daga cikinsu su ne Drunken Gauger, Blackthorn Stick, The Three Sea Captains, da kuma St Patrick's Day. Ana yin nau'ikan treble jigs guda biyu a feiseanna: na gargajiya da na gargajiya (a hankali). Masu farawa za su yi treble jig a saurin gargajiya (92 bpm), yayin da masu rawa masu ci gaba za su yi rawa da treble jig wanda ba na gargajiya ba (a hankali) a lokacin 72 bpm.
Jigs madaidaiciya da yashi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ƙarni na 19 a Amurka, jig shine sunan da aka yi amfani da shi don wani nau'in rawa na mataki wanda 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa suka ƙirƙira kuma daga baya masu wasan kwaikwayo na mistrel suka karɓe shi. An yi rawa ga waƙoƙin banjo ko fiddle masu igiya biyar a cikin waƙoƙin 2 2 ko 2 An yi wasan mita 2 a schottische tempo, waƙar mistrel (wanda kuma ake kira "jig madaidaiciya" don bambanta ta da raye-rayen Irish) ta hanyar haɗakar rawa da motsin da ba a saba gani ba. Masu rawa na jig sun yi amfani da jerin "bugawa" a kan diddige ko yatsa, "hops" a ƙafa ɗaya, "springs" daga ƙafa biyu da kuma zamewa da shuffles daban-daban. Shahararren mai rawa na farko shine Master Juba, Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka wanda ya zaburar da ɗimbin masu kwaikwayon fararen fata, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu suka yi wasan baƙaƙe . John Diamond, ɗan ƙasar Ireland-Ba'amurke wanda ya yi gasa da Master Juba a cikin jerin "rawar ƙalubale", yana cikin fitattun waɗannan masu rawa na farin mistrel jig. Waƙar Minstrel, da kuma toshewar ƙafafu da fasawa, sun kasance masu mahimmanci ga juyin halittar rawa tap da soft-shoe na ƙarni na 20.
Wani nau'in wasan kwaikwayo mai madaidaiciya shine " jig ɗin yashi " ko "rawar yashi", wanda aka yi a matsayin jerin shuffles da slides a kan dandamali mai yashi. Fitattun wasan kwaikwayo na yashi na ƙarni na 19 mata biyu ne, waɗanda aka haifa a New York a 1855: Kitty O'Neil 'yar asalin Buffalo da kishiyarta Kitty Sharpe da aka haifa a Manhattan. [7] Rawar yashi wani muhimmin abu ne na wasan kwaikwayo, iri-iri da kuma vaudeville, kuma an kiyaye ta a cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan ta hanyar masu rawa na Afirka-Amurka, ciki har da John Bubbles, Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, Sammy Davis Jr., Harriet Browne da kuma, mafi mahimmanci, Howard "Sandman" Sims .
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Rawar Shakespeare
- Matar Wanka ta Irish
- Swing
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayanan kula
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Anglo-Irish Music in the Sixteenth Century". Retrieved 11 January 2023.
- ↑ "The jig dance tradition: five centuries old and still counting | Music Tales". musictales.club. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
- 1 2 Clegg & Skeaping 2014.
- ↑ "Rhythm (Tune Type) Definitions". irishtune.info. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
- ↑ Machaffie, Scott (5 November 1999). "Footwork for Irish and Scottish dancing". NonVi. Archived from the original on 1 May 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
- ↑ "Swallowtail Jig". The Traditional Tune Archive (in Turanci). 5 July 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ↑ Meade, Don (September 2014). "Kitty O'Neil and Her 'Champion Jig': A Forgotten Irish-American Variety Theater Star" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 4 November 2017.