Jirgin sama da sauyin yanayi

Jirgin sama da sauyin yanayi
environmental effects (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	environmental effects of transport (en) , environmental effects (en) da aircraft nuisance (en)

Injin jiragen sama suna samar da iskar gas, hayaniya, da ɓarna daga konewar man fetur, suna ƙara damuwa da muhalli game da tasirinsu a duniya da tasirinsu akan ingancin iska na gida. Jiragen sama na Jet suna ba da gudummawa ga canjin yanayi ta hanyar fitar da carbon dioxide (CO2), iskar gas mafi fahimta, kuma, tare da ƙarancin fahimtar kimiyya, nitrogen oxides, contrails da particulates. An kiyasta ƙarfin ƙarfin su a 1.3-1.4 na CO2 kadai, ban da gajimare cirrus da aka jawo tare da ƙarancin fahimtar kimiyya. A cikin 2018, ayyukan kasuwancin duniya sun haifar da 2.4% na duk hayaƙin CO2.

Jiragen saman Jet sun zama mafi ingancin mai da kashi 70 cikin 100 tsakanin 1967 da 2007, kuma iskar CO2 da ke fitar da ton-kilomita (RTK) a shekarar 2018 ya kasance kashi 47% na wadanda aka samu a shekarar 1990. A shekarar 2018, iskar CO2 ta kai gram 88 na CO2 ga kowane fasinja na kudin shiga kowane kilomita. Yayin da masana'antar sufurin jiragen sama ta fi dacewa da mai, gabaɗayan hayaƙi ya karu yayin da yawan zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ya karu. A shekarar 2020, hayakin jirgin sama ya kai kashi 70 cikin 100 sama da na 2005 kuma za su iya girma da kashi 300 nan da 2050.

Gurbacewar hayaniyar jiragen sama na kawo cikas ga barci, ilimin yara kuma yana iya ƙara haɗarin cututtukan zuciya. Filayen jiragen sama na iya haifar da gurɓacewar ruwa saboda yawan sarrafa man jiragen sama da ƙera sinadarai idan ba a ɗauke su ba, suna gurɓata ruwan da ke kusa. Ayyukan zirga-zirgar jiragen sama suna fitar da sinadarin ozone da ultrafine, duka biyun haɗari ne na lafiya. Injin Piston da aka yi amfani da su a cikin jirgin sama gabaɗaya suna ƙone Avgas, suna sakin gubar mai guba.

Za a iya rage sawun muhallin jiragen sama ta mafi kyawun tattalin arzikin mai a cikin jirgin sama, ko kuma ana iya inganta sarrafa zirga-zirgar jiragen sama da hanyoyin jirgin don rage tasirin da ba CO2 ba akan yanayi daga NO.

x, ɓarna ko ɓarna. Biofuel na jirgin sama, cinikin hayaki da kashe carbon, wani ɓangare na CORSIA na ICAO, na iya rage hayakin CO2. Ana iya saukar da amfani da jiragen sama ta hanyar hana zirga-zirga na ɗan gajeren tafiya, haɗin jirgin ƙasa, zaɓi na sirri da harajin jirgin sama da tallafi. Ana iya maye gurbin jirgin da ke da wutar lantarki da jirage masu amfani da wutar lantarki da na lantarki ko kuma jirgin sama mai amfani da hydrogen. Tun daga 2021, membobin IATA suna shirin fitar da iskar carbon sifili ta 2050, sai kuma ICAO a 2022.

Canjin yanayi

Dalilai

Jiragen sama suna fitar da iskar gas (carbon dioxide, tururin ruwa, nitrogen oxides ko carbon monoxide - haɗin kai tare da iskar oxygen don zama CO2 bayan sakin) da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin yanayi (wadanda ba su cika konewar hydrocarbons, sulfur oxides, carbon baƙar fata), suna hulɗa da juna tare da yanayi. Yayin da babban hayakin da ake fitarwa daga jirgin sama mai ƙarfi shine CO2, jiragen sama na jet suna ba da gudummawar canjin yanayi ta hanyoyi huɗu yayin da suke tashi a cikin tropopause:

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Abubuwan da ake fitarwa na CO2 sune mafi mahimmanci kuma mafi fahimtar gudunmawa ga sauyin yanayi. Tasirin hayakin CO2 iri ɗaya ne ba tare da la'akari da tsayin daka ba. Motocin filin jirgin sama, wadanda fasinjoji da ma’aikata ke amfani da su wajen shiga filayen jiragen sama, hayakin da ake samu ta hanyar gine-ginen filin jirgin da kera jiragen su ma suna taimakawa wajen fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli daga masana’antar sufurin jiragen sama.

Nitrogen oxides (NO

x, nitric oxide da nitrogen dioxide)

A cikin tropopause, hayaƙin NO

x falalar ozone (O

3) samuwar a cikin na sama troposphere. A tsawo daga 8 zuwa 13 km (26,000 zuwa 43,000 ft), NO

x abubuwan da ake fitarwa suna haifar da mafi yawan adadin O

3 fiye da saman NO

x abubuwan da ake fitarwa kuma waɗannan suna da tasirin ɗumamar yanayi. Tasirin O

Matsayin saman 3 na yanki ne da na gida, amma ya zama gauraye sosai a duniya a tsakiyar da manyan matakan tropospheric. A'A

Har ila yau, hayaki yana rage matakan methane, wani iskar gas, wanda ke haifar da sakamako mai sanyaya yanayi, ko da yake baya kashe O.

3 haifar da tasiri. Sulfur na jirgin sama da hayaƙin ruwa a cikin stratosphere suna iya ragewa O

3, kashe wani bangare na NO

x-sa O

3 yana ƙaruwa, kodayake waɗannan tasirin ba a ƙididdige su ba.[10] Jirgin sama mai haske da ƙananan jiragen sama masu tafiya suna tashi ƙasa a cikin troposphere, ba a cikin tropopause ba.