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Joan I na Navarre

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Joan I na Navarre
sovereign of Navarre (en) Fassara

1284 - 2 ga Afirilu, 1305 - Louis X of France (en) Fassara
count of Champagne (en) Fassara

1274 - 1305
Henry I of Navarre (en) Fassara - Louis X of France (en) Fassara
Rayuwa
Haihuwa Bar-sur-Seine (mul) Fassara, 14 ga Janairu, 1273
ƙasa Kingdom of Navarre (en) Fassara
Mutuwa Vincennes (mul) Fassara, 2 ga Afirilu, 1305
Makwanci Basilica of Saint-Denis (en) Fassara
Yanayin mutuwa Sababi na ainihi (puerperal disorders (en) Fassara)
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi Henry I of Navarre
Mahaifiya Blanche of Artois
Abokiyar zama Philip IV of France (en) Fassara  (23 ga Augusta, 1284 (Gregorian), 16 ga Augusta, 1284 (Gregorian) -  10 ga Afirilu, 1305 (Gregorian))
Yara
Ahali Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster (en) Fassara, Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (en) Fassara, Joanes Enríquez Lacarra (en) Fassara da Tebaldo di Navarra (en) Fassara
Yare House of Blois (en) Fassara
Karatu
Harsuna Faransanci
Sana'a
Sana'a ruler (en) Fassara
Imani
Addini Kiristanci
Katolika

Joan I (14 Janairu 1273 - 31 Maris/2 Afrilu 1305) [1] ( Basque , Sifaniyanci: Juana ) tana mulkin Sarauniyar Navarre da kuma Countess of Champagne daga 1274 zuwa 1305. Ita ma Sarauniyar Faransa ce ta aure Sarki Philip na Huɗu . Ta kafa Kwalejin Navarre a Paris a 1305.

Joan ba ta taɓa mulkin Navarre da kanta ba; gwamnonin Faransa ne ke kula da ita. Tana da iko kai tsaye a kan Gundumar Champagne, ta tara sojoji don fuskantar mamayar gundumar ta hannun Henry III, Count of Bar, har ma ta kama tare da ɗaure ƙidayar. Ta mutu a shekara ta 1305, wataƙila saboda matsalolin haihuwa.

An haifi Joan a Bar-sur-Seine, Champagne a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 1273, 'yar Sarki Henry na ɗaya na Navarre da Blanche na Artois . [2] A shekara mai zuwa, bayan mutuwar mahaifinta, ta zama Countess na Champagne kuma Sarauniyar Navarre. [3] Saboda shekarunta, mahaifiyarta, Blanche, ita ce mai kula da ita kuma mai kula da ita a Navarre.

Mahukunta daban-daban, na ƙasashen waje da na Navarrese, sun nemi amfani da tsirarun magajin da kuma "rashin ƙarfi" na mace mai mulki, wanda hakan ya sa Joan da mahaifiyarta suka nemi kariya a kotun Philip III na Faransa . Mahaifiyarta ta isa Faransa a shekara ta 1274, kuma ta hanyar Yarjejeniyar Orleans a shekara ta 1275, an yi wa Joan auren ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yan Philip ( Louis ko Philip ). [1] Don haka Blanche ta sanya 'yarta da gwamnatin Navarre ƙarƙashin kariyar Sarkin Faransa. Bayan haka, an rene Joan tare da Philip. A gaskiya ma, ba a tabbatar ko ta taɓa zama a Navarre a lokacin yarinta ba. [1]

Sarauniyar Faransa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A lokacin da take da shekaru 11, Joan ta auri Philip na huɗu na Faransa a ranar 16 ga Agusta 1284, [4] ta zama matar sarauniyar Faransa shekara guda bayan haka. 'Ya'yansu maza uku da suka rage duk za su yi sarauta a matsayin sarakunan Faransa, sannan 'yarsu guda ɗaya tilo da ta rage, Isabella, ta zama matar sarauniyar Ingila.

An bayyana Joan a matsayin wacce ta yi nasara a matsayinta na Sarauniyar Faransa: ta sami gadon sarauta, ta kasance uwargida mai inganci a fadar sarauta, matar shugaban ƙasa mai mutunci kuma tana da kyakkyawar alaƙa da Sarki. Bayan sun girma tare, ma'auratan sun kasance suna da kusanci sosai kuma an ruwaito cewa Philip ya ƙaunace ta kuma ya girmama ta sosai. [3] An yi nuni da cewa dogaro da yake yi da ita a zuciyarsa shine dalilin da ya sa ba ta taɓa ziyartar Navarre ba. A shekara ta 1294, Philip ya naɗa mai mulkin Faransa idan ɗansa ya gaje shi yana ƙarami. [3] Duk da haka, ba a yi imanin cewa ya ba ta amana kan harkokin Faransa ba sai dai idan sun shafi yankunanta na Navarre da Champagne. [3] Ta kafa Kwalejin Navarre a Paris a shekara ta 1305. [5] [6]

Mulkin a Navarre da Champagne

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Jana'izar Sarauniya Joan I

An ayyana Joan a matsayin wacce doka ta ba da rinjaye a aurenta a shekara ta 1284, kuma ta yi wa surukinta Champagne da Brie mubaya'a a birnin Paris. [3]

Joan ba ta taɓa ziyartar Masarautar Navarre ba, wadda gwamnonin Faransa suka naɗa da sunanta, surukinta kuma suka naɗa ta da sunanta. [3] Gwamnonin Faransa ba su da farin jini sosai a Navarre kuma rashin zuwanta ƙasar ya yi matuƙar tayar da hankali. [3] Faransawa ne aka ɗora wa laifin rashin zuwanta maimakon kanta, kuma ba a yi tambaya game da amincinta ba; a maimakon haka, an jaddada a Navarre cewa a zahiri ita ce ta fi Faransawa iko. Daga nesa, an bayar da umarni da sunanta, an buga tsabar kuɗi a siffarta, [3] kuma ta ba ta kariya ga majami'u da gidajen ibada. Ba ta taɓa kusantar Navarre fiye da Carcassonne a shekara ta 1300 ba, kuma an zargi mijinta da wannan. [3]

Joan ta fi aiki kai tsaye a matsayin ƙaramar hukuma ta Champagne. Duk da cewa ita gundumar ce maimakon masarauta, Champagne ta fi wadata da muhimmanci a fannin dabaru. Duk da haka, Philip na huɗu ya naɗa masu kula da ita, Joan takan ziyarci Champagne akai-akai kuma an rubuta cewa ta shiga dukkan ayyukan wani mai mulki kuma ba a ɗauke ta a matsayin mai son kai ba amma mai iko mai zaman kansa a wannan yanki. A shekara ta 1297, ta ɗaga kuma ta jagoranci rundunar sojoji a kan Count Henry na Uku na Bar lokacin da ya mamaye Champagne. [3] Philip bai shiga ba, kuma Joan ta kawo ƙarar zuwa gidan yari kafin ta haɗu da mijinta. [3] Ta kuma yi aiki a kan Bishop Guichard na Troyes, wanda ta zarge shi da satar kuɗi daga Champagne da mahaifiyarta ta hanyar zamba. [3]

Joan ta mutu a shekara ta 1305, ana zargin tana haihuwa, amma an kama bishop na Troyes, Guichard, a shekara ta 1308 kuma an zarge shi da kashe ta da sihiri. An sake shi a shekara ta 1313. [7] An binne Joan a Cordeliers Convent da ke Paris. [8]

  1. Echols & Williams 1992.
  2. George 1875.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Woodacre 2013.
  4. Warner 2016.
  5. Sohn 2020.
  6. Donzelot 1954.
  7. Menache 1998.
  8. Gaude-Ferragu 2016.