Joan McIntyre (mai fafutuka)

Joan McIntyre (mai fafutuka)
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	19 Disamba 1931
Mutuwa	22 ga Yuni, 2016
Sana'a
Sana'a	marubuci, gwagwarmaya da anthropologist (en)
Employers	Project Jonah (en)

Joan McIntyre (Disamba 19, 1931 - Yuni 22, 2016), wanda aka fi sani da Joana McIntyre Varawa, marubuciya ce 'yar Amurka kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da kifin kifi. Ta kasance babbar memba a cikin Abokan Duniya a farkon shekarun 1970, ta kafa Project Jonah a 1974 don mayar da hankali kan takamaiman manufar hana kifin kifi . Bayan kamfen da yawa masu nasara da rashin nasara, ta bar ƙungiyar a 1983 saboda rikice-rikice da siyasa mai yawa sannan daga baya ta ƙaura zuwa Fiji.

Yaro da ilimi

McIntyre ta bayyana cewa koyaushe tana sha'awar al'amuran zamantakewa a lokacin ƙuruciyarta, tana shiga ƙungiyoyin makarantun siyasa don nuna rashin amincewa da batutuwa kamar amfani da bam ɗin A. Ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar California, Berkeley da digiri a fannin ilimin ɗan adam.

Sana'a

Bayan ta shafe shekaru da dama tana kammala karatunta a matsayin furodusa kuma mai sharhi a wasu lokutan a tashoshin rediyo na Pacifica Foundation, McIntyre ta kuma shiga ƙungiyar Abokan Duniya kuma ta shiga cikin kamfen ɗinsu sosai. Wannan ya haɗa da taimakawa wajen jagorantar ƙungiyar ƙasa a Amurka don nuna rashin amincewa da amfani da kayan kwalliya na gaske. A wannan lokacin, an naɗa ta mai gudanar da ayyuka na musamman ga ƙungiyar, amma a shekarar 1972 ta ji cewa adadin ayyukan da manyan batutuwa, kamar Tsarin Bututun Trans-Alaska da SST Concorde, sun yi yawa da ba za a iya sarrafawa ba. Daga baya an zaburar da ita ga wani abu daban ta hanyar littafin John C. Lilly mai suna The Mind of the Dolphin da kuma labaran da ta samu yayin da take watsa shirye-shiryen ilimin halittu kan ayyukan farautar kifaye da ke faruwa. Tana son bayyana ra'ayoyinta kan yadda za a ceci kifayen, ta gabatar da su a Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Muhalli na Bil Adama kuma ta sami damar sa shugaban ya canza alamar taron zuwa kifi. Takardun neman izinin da ta shigar wa Amurka sun kuma haifar da dakatar da duk wani nau'in kifin kifi na kasuwanci a ƙasar na tsawon shekaru 10.

Bayan halartar taron shekara-shekara na Hukumar Kifin Kifi ta Duniya a shekarar 1971, kuma ta kasa shawo kansu su ci gaba da irin wannan dakatarwa a kuri'un ƙasashe shida zuwa biyar, ta yanke shawarar kafa ƙungiyar Project Jonah ba da daɗewa ba, ta bar Abokan Duniya don yin hakan. Sigar farko ta aikin ta kasance mai ba da bayanai, tana ƙoƙarin wayar da kan jama'a game da tasirin kifin kifi da kisan kifin dolphin da sauran halittun ruwa a manyan fannoni a duniya. Don ƙarfafa wannan wayar da kan jama'a, ta buga littafin Mind in the Waters a shekarar 1974 wanda ya ƙunshi tarin abubuwa daban-daban, gami da bayanan kimiyya tare da waƙoƙi, tatsuniyoyi, da hotuna waɗanda ke tattauna ƙwarewar tunani da sanin halayyar kifin whales da dolphins. A wannan lokacin, Project Jonah ya riga ya faɗaɗa zuwa ga samun reshen Kanada wanda Farley Mowat ke jagoranta, kuma McIntyre ya yi balaguron talla a can bayan buga littafin don tallata abin da 'yan Kanada za su iya yi don taimakawa, kamar kauracewa tuna tuna ta Amurka. Ta kuma sa ƙungiyar ta kai hari kan ayyukan Japan da Rasha, waɗanda ke da alhakin kusan kashi 85% na duk kisan kifin whale na shekara-shekara a duk duniya.

A shekarar 1983, ta sauka daga mukamin shugaban Project Jonah, bayan ta "gaji" da siyasar da ke tattare da ita da kuma yadda yawancin "kyawawan manufofin mutane" galibi ke komawa ga wauta ko adalci. A wannan shekarar, ta buga littafin The Delicate Art of Whale Watching, wanda ya ƙunshi tunaninta da abubuwan da ta lura a tsawon rayuwarta game da abubuwan da suka faru a cikin jiragen ruwa da ta shiga.

Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa

A farkon aikinta, McIntyre tana zaune a Bolinas, California, kuma ta haifi ɗa daga aurenta na farko. Lokacin da take cikin shekarunta na 50, ta auri Male Varawa, wani mai kamun kifi ɗan ƙasar Fiji a shekarunsa na 20 wanda ta haɗu da shi bayan ta ƙaura zuwa Fiji. Ta ba da labarin ƙaura da aurenta a cikin littafinta na 1989 Canje-canje a Latitude: An Uncommon Anthropology . Ta mutu a watan Yunin 2016.