Johann Wilhelm Klein

Johann Wilhelm Klein (11 Afrilu 1765, Alerheim a Nördlingen - 12 Mayu 1848, Vienna) ya kasance majagaba na ilimi ga makafi.

Rayuwa ta farko

Bayan shekarunsa na farko ya halarci makarantar sakandare sannan ya yi karatun shari'a a Karlsschule a Stuttgart . Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya sami rayuwarsa, na farko a matsayin sakatare na ofishin sarauta a Upper Alerheim . Nasarar Napoleon ta kawo babban wahala da talauci ga garin Klein. A shekara ta 1799, ya yi tafiya ta jirgin ruwa zuwa Vienna, inda ya kwashe sauran rayuwarsa. Yanayin ci gaba a Austria a karkashin Sarkin sarakuna Joseph II na iya janyo hankalinsa. Ba a san komai game da shekaru hudu na farko a Vienna ba. Abin da aka sani shi ne cewa ya rayu a cikin yanayin tattalin arziki mara kyau, a matsayin mai koyarwa ga ɗan Count of Wallis. A aikin sa kai, an tsara shi a matsayin darektan gundumar matalauta, don haka dole ne ya magance makafi da yawa, waɗanda suka kasance babban ɓangare na matalauta.

Ayyuka

A ranar 13 ga Mayu 1804 Klein ya fara koyar da wani saurayi makaho, James Brown, a gida, tare da goyon bayan gwamnati. Ta haka ne aka kafa cibiyar makafi ta farko a Jamus. Manufar Klein a Ruwa yanzu ita ce kula da makafi, ilimi da jagorar aiki don yin hakan a duniyar aiki. a cikin 1807 Klein ya gabatar da Stachelschrift, na'urar bugawa wacce zai iya buga haruffa masu girma na rubutun Latin kuma ya kirkiro alamomi a cikin takarda. Ga makafi wannan rubutun ba shi da sauƙin karantawa kuma rubuta da hannu yana da wahala har ma ga masu gani. Klein ya ki amincewa da rubutun makafi saboda bambancin da suka yi da rubutun masu gani. A shekara ta 1826 ya gina a Josefstadt wani yanki na Vienna, "ma'aikatar samar da kayayyaki da aiki ga makafi". A cikin rikice-rikicen yakin basasa a 1848, Klein ya mutu daga cutar huhu a ranar 12 ga Mayu, yana da shekaru 83. Daga baya aka sake binne shi a cikin kabari na girmamawa a Kabari na Tsakiya na Vienna (Rukunin 0, jere 1, sashi na 19).

Ayyuka

A cikin 1819 ya rubuta littafi mai suna Instruction of the Blind, wanda aka buga a Vienna. An dauki wannan a matsayin jagora ga tsararraki na malamai makafi.

Bayanan littattafai

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• "Klein Johann Wilhelm". A cikin:Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950 (Ka duba hoton da ke shafin nan.) Fashewa. 3,Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Austriya[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 5] 382.
• Klein, Johann Wilhelm a cikin Constant na Wurzbach, Biographical Encyclopedia of the Empire, Austria, kundi na 12, shafi na 51, Vienna, Kotun Daular da Bugawa ta Jiha 1864
• Karl Heinz Scheible: Johann Wilhelm Klein . A cikin: Wulf-Dietrich Kavasch, Günter Lemke da Albert Schlagbauer (ed): 2002, , shafuffuka 313-357ISBN 3-923373-54-6