John Archer (Dan siyasar Burtaniya)

John Archer (Dan siyasar Burtaniya)
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Liverpool, 8 ga Yuni, 1863
ƙasa	Birtaniya United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Mutuwa	London Borough of Wandsworth (en) , 14 ga Yuli, 1932
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama	Mrs John R Archer (en)
Karatu
Harsuna	Turanci
Sana'a
Sana'a	ɗan siyasa
Mahalarcin Taron farko na Pan-Afirka
Imani
Jam'iyar siyasa	Labour Party (mul) Liberal Party (en)

John Richard Archer (8 Yuni 1863 - 14 Yuli 1932) ɗan siyasan Biritaniya ne kuma ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa. A shekara ta 1913 an zabe shi magajin garin Battersea, ya zama baƙar fata na farko magajin gari a wata unguwa a Landan. Ya kasance sanannen ɗan Afirka na Pan-African kuma shugaban ƙungiyar ci gaban Afirka.

Rayuwa da aiki

An haifi Archer a Liverpool, Lancashire ga Richard Archer, daga Barbados, da Mary Theresa Burns, daga Ireland. Shekaru da yawa ya yi tafiya a duniya a matsayin jirgin ruwa, yana rayuwa na lokaci-lokaci a Amurka da Kanada. Ya auri Bertha, ɗan ƙasar Kanada baƙar fata, kuma a cikin shekarar 1890s, ya dawo tare da ita Ingila, yana zaune a Battersea yayin da yake cikin shekaru talatin. Ya fara karatun likitanci amma yana tallafa wa kansa ta hanyar ƙaramin ɗakin ɗaukar hoto.

Maharba ya shiga harkokin siyasar gida; ya kasance mai goyon bayan masu ra'ayin sassaucin ra'ayi John Burns da abokantaka da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na London. A cikin shekarar 1906 an zaɓe shi a matsayin mai ci gaba (Mai sassaucin ra'ayi) zuwa Majalisar gundumar Battersea na gundumar Latchmere; a dai dai lokacin ne Henry Sylvester Williams na Indiya ya yi nasara a gasar Marylebone. Archer ya yi nasarar yakin neman mafi karancin albashi shilling 32 a mako ga ma’aikatan kansila amma ya rasa kujerarsa a shekarar 1909; An sake zaɓe shi a shekarar 1912.

A cikin shekara ta 1913, an zaɓi Archer a matsayin magajin gari (a wancan lokacin wani matsayi da ke nuna cewa shi ne shugaban siyasa na majalisar Battersea, maimakon rawar da aka saba yi a Ingila daga shekarun 1920). Akwai abubuwa marasa kyau da wariyar launin fata a yakin, tare da zargin cewa ba shi da dan kasar Burtaniya. Ya yi nasara da kuri'u 40 zuwa 39 a tsakanin 'yan majalisarsa, sannan ya yi jawabin nasara mai ban mamaki:

“Zaben da na yi a daren yau yana nufin sabon zamani ne, kun kafa tarihi a daren yau, a karon farko a tarihin kasar Ingila an zabi wani mutum mai launin fata a matsayin magajin gari a wata karamar hukuma ta Ingila.

"Hakan zai kai ga kasashe masu launi na duniya kuma za su dubi Battersea su ce Battersea ya yi abubuwa da yawa a baya, amma babban abin da ya yi shi ne nuna cewa ba shi da wariyar launin fata kuma ta gane mutum don aikin da ya yi."

An ba da rahoton nasararsa a cikin mujallar Amurka The Crisis a cikin Janairun shekarar 1914. Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Mutane (NAACP) da aka kafa kwanan nan ta buga ta.

Archer ya koma hagu a cikin shekarunsa a Battersea kuma a cikin 1919 an sake zaɓe shi a majalisa a matsayin wakilin Labour. A cikin 1918 an zabe shi a matsayin shugaban farko na kungiyar ci gaban Afirka, yana aiki don "ci gaban ra'ayoyin Afirka a cikin ilimin 'yanci". A cikin 1919 ya kasance wakilin Biritaniya zuwa Majalisar Pan-African Congress a Paris kuma bayan shekaru biyu, ya jagoranci Majalisar Pan-African Congress a London.

A cikin shekarar 1922, Archer ya bar kujerar majalisarsa don zama wakilin zaɓe na jam'iyyar Labour na Shapurji Saklatvala, ɗan gwagwarmayar Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci da ke tsayawa takarar majalisa a Arewacin Battersea. Ya shawo kan Jam'iyyar Labour ta amince da Saklatvala, wanda aka zaba - daya daga cikin 'yan majalisar Indiya na farko a Biritaniya. Shi da Saklatvala sun ci gaba da aiki tare, inda suka sake yin nasara a shekara ta 1924 har sai da jam'iyyun gurguzu da na Labour suka rabu. A cikin babban zaben 1929, Archer ya kasance wakilin dan takarar jam'iyyar Labour, wanda ya doke Saklatvala.

Archer yayi aiki a matsayin gwamnan Battersea Polytechnic, shugaban ƙungiyar Nine Elms Swimming Club, shugaban kwamitin ma'aikatan majalisar Whitley, kuma memba na Hukumar Kula da Wandsworth.

An sake zaɓe shi a cikin 1931, don gundumar Nine Elms. A lokacin mutuwarsa a 1932, ya kasance mataimakin shugaban majalisar Battersea. Ya mutu a ranar 14 ga Yulin shekarar 1932, 'yan makonni bayan cikarsa shekaru 69. An yi jana'izar sa a Cocin Our Lady of Karmel a Battersea Park Road a ranar 19 ga Yuli. An binne shi a makabartar majalisa a Morden.

Jane Roberts, matar tsohon shugaban Laberiya Joseph Jenkins Roberts, ta yi tafiya zuwa Ingila a ƙarshen rayuwa kuma ta sadu da ma'auratan Archer. Ta zauna tare da Archer da matarsa ​​har zuwa mutuwarta a 1914, tana da shekaru 95.

An yi tunanin Archer shine Bakar fata na farko da aka zaba a matsayin magajin gari a Biritaniya. Amma, Littafin Shekarar Negro na Amurka na 1914, a cikin rahoton zaɓen Archer, shi ma ya ruwaito hakan

A cikin 1904, Mista Allen Glaser Minns [sic], mai launin fata daga Yammacin Indies, an zaɓi shi magajin gari na gundumar Thetford, Norfolk.

Baya

Archer House, wani yanki na ƙauyen Battersea, an yi masa suna bayan Archer akan ginin a cikin 1930s. A cikin 1986 an kafa Makarantar John Archer daga haɗakar Makarantar Wandsworth da Makarantar Spencer Park amma an rufe ta a 1991. Akwai John Archer Way a Wandsworth kuma a Liverpool, John Archer Hall.

A cikin 2004, an zaɓi John Archer don jerin "Baƙar fata Birtaniyya 100", yana zuwa na 72 a cikin ƙuri'ar jama'a.

A cikin 2010, an yi bikin tunawa da Archer da alamar shuɗi daga Nubian Jak Community Trust.

A cikin Afrilu 2013 Archer yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane shida da Royal Mail ta zaɓa don fitowar tambarin tunawa da "Britaniyya".

A cikin Nuwamba 2013 Archer ya sami karramawa ta Heritage na Ingilishi tare da alamar shuɗi a tsohon gidansa, 55 Brynmaer Road, Battersea.

A cikin Maris 2018 Cibiyar Sadarwar Ark Academy ta sake suna High View Primary school a Battersea a matsayin Ark John Archer Academy.