John Baskerville
 John Baskerville | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Wolverley (en)  da Luton (en) , 28 ga Janairu, 1706 |
| ƙasa |
Kingdom of Great Britain (en) |
| Mazauni |
Birmingham Baskerville House (en) |
| Mutuwa | Birmingham, 8 ga Janairu, 1775 |
| Makwanci |
Baskerville House (en) |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Abokiyar zama |
Sarah Baskerville (en) |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Turanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
type designer (en) , edita, printer (en) , typographer (en) da ɗan kasuwa |
| Wurin aiki |
Birmingham da Cambridge (mul) |
| Employers |
University of Cambridge (mul) (16 Disamba 1758 - |
| Muhimman ayyuka |
Publii Virgilii Maronis Bucolica, Georgica, et Aeneis (en) Baskerville (en) |
| Imani | |
| Addini | mulhidanci |
John Baskerville (an yi masa baftisma a ranar 28 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1707 - 8 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 1775) ɗan kasuwa ne na Ingila, a yankunan da suka hada da Japanning da papier-mâché, amma ana tunawa da shi a matsayin mai bugawa da mai tsara nau'i. Har ila yau, shi ne ke da alhakin kirkirar "takardar wove", wanda ya fi "takardar da aka shimfiɗa", yana ba da damar samun sakamako mai kaifi.
Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Baskerville a ƙauyen Wolverley, kusa da NS" id="mwJw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kidderminster">Kidderminster a Worcestershire, kuma an yi masa baftisma a ranar 28 ga Janairun 1706 OS (1707 NS) a cocin Wolverley . [1][2] Baskerville ya kafa aikin koyar da rubuce-rubuce na farko, kuma an san shi da ba da sabis na yankan kaburbura (wani zane-zane da ya yi ya tsira a cikin Laburaren Birmingham) kafin ya sami wadata mai yawa daga ƙera kayan lacquerwork (japanning).
Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai buga littattafai a Birmingham, Ingila. Baskerville memba ne na Royal Society of Arts, kuma abokin tarayya ne na wasu daga cikin mambobin Lunar Society.
Baskerville ya ba da umarnin mai yankewa, John Handy, a cikin ƙirar nau'ikan rubutu da yawa na irin wannan bayyanar. Benjamin Franklin, abokin bugawa, ya yi sha'awar rubutun sa sosai, amma masu fafatawa masu kishi sun soki su kuma nan da nan suka rasa tagomashi. Ya kuma fara sabon salon rubutu gaba ɗaya, yana ƙara gefen gefe mai faɗi kuma yana jagora tsakanin kowane layi.[3]
A cikin 1757, Baskerville ya buga wani labari mai ban mamaki na Virgil a kan takarda, ta amfani da nasa nau'in. Ya ɗauki shekaru uku don kammalawa, amma ya yi irin wannan tasiri cewa an nada shi mai bugawa a Jami'ar Cambridge a shekara mai zuwa. Wani mai musun wanzuwar Allah, duk da haka ya buga The Book of Common Prayer a cikin 1762 da kuma Littafi Mai-Tsarki mai ban sha'awa a cikin 1763.[4]
Baskerville ya kirkiro a cikin bugawa, takarda, da samar da tawada. Ya yi aiki tare da mai yin takarda James Whatman don samar da takarda mai laushi, wani lokacin ana kiranta takarda mai layi, wanda ya nuna nau'in baƙar fata mai ƙarfi.
Mutuwa da binnewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Baskerville ya mutu a watan Janairun 1775 a gidansa, Easy Hill . Ya nemi a sanya jikinsa
Koyaya, a cikin 1821 an gina tashar ruwa ta cikin ƙasar kuma mai mallakar ƙasa ya nuna jikinsa har sai dangin Baskerville da abokai suka shirya su koma shi zuwa crypt na Christ Church, Birmingham. An rushe Ikilisiyar Kristi a shekara ta 1897 don haka an motsa gawarsa, tare da wasu gawarwakin daga kabari, zuwa catacombs da aka tsarkake a Kabari na Warstone Lane . A cikin 1963 an gabatar da takarda ga Majalisar Birnin Birmingham inda aka nemi a sake binne shi a cikin ƙasa da ba a tsarkake ba, bisa ga sha'awarsa.
Kyauta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Karni na 20 ya sabunta sha'awa da godiya ga rubutun Baskerville. Mafi sanannun rubutun sa, Baskerville, ana gudanar da shi don wakiltar mafi girman fuskar canji da gada tsakanin Tsohon Style da ƙirar zamani.[5][6] Tun daga shekarun 1920, Linotype, Monotype, da sauran nau'ikan foundries sun saki fonts da yawa bisa ga aikinsa - galibi ana kiransu 'Baskerville'. A cikin 1996, Emigre ya fitar da wani shahararren farfadowa na wannan rubutun da ake kira Mrs Eaves bayan matar Baskerville, Sarah Eaves . [7]
Bikin Tunawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 1947, rediyon BBC ya watsa wasan rediyo game da jana'izarsa, mai suna Hic Jacet: ko The Corpse in the Crescent by Neville Brandon Watts . Ba a adana rikodin asali ba amma ɗalibai ne suka shirya wasan kwaikwayon a Birmingham School of Acting a cikin 2013 a Cibiyar Typographic Hub ta Jami'ar Birmingham City . [8][9] Kwafin rubutun yana cikin Norman Painting Archives a Jami'ar Birmingham . [8]
manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "John Baskerville: Timeline". Typographic Hub. Birmingham City University. Archived from the original on 4 February 2018. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
- ↑ Mosley, James (1963). "English Vernacular". Motif. 11: 3–56.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ "The Book of Common Prayer (1662) As printed by John Baskerville". justus.anglican.org. Church of England.
- ↑ Johnson, Alfred F. (1930). "The Evolution of the Modern-Face Roman". The Library. s4-XI (3): 353–377. doi:10.1093/library/s4-XI.3.353.
- ↑ Eliason, Craig (October 2015). ""Transitional" Typefaces: The History of a Typefounding Classification". Design Issues. 31 (4): 30–43. doi:10.1162/DESI_a_00349. S2CID 57569313.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Baskerville Society: Hic Jacet or The Corpse in the Crescent". Typographic Hub. Archived from the original on 8 December 2013.
- ↑ "A rare revival of a macabre story". Birmingham Mail. 6 December 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2017.