John Briscoe (masanin injiniya na ruwa)

John Briscoe (masanin injiniya na ruwa)
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Afirka ta kudu, 30 ga Yuli, 1948
ƙasa	Afirka ta kudu
Mutuwa	Poolesville (en) , 12 Nuwamba, 2014
Karatu
Makaranta	Jami'ar Harvard Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (en) St Patrick’s Christian Brothers’ College, Kimberley (en)
Harsuna	Turanci
Sana'a
Sana'a	epidemiologist (en) da environmental engineer (en)
Employers	University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (en)
Kyaututtuka	gani Stockholm Water Prize  (2014)

John Briscoe (30 ga Yuli, 1948 - 12 ga Nuwamba, 2014) injiniyan muhalli ne ɗan asalin Afirka ta Kudu wanda ya kasance farfesa mai ziyara a fannin Ayyukan Lafiyar Muhalli a Sashen Lafiyar Muhalli a Makarantar Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard . An san shi da "Mr. Water" ga masana tattalin arziki na muhalli. A Harvard, Briscoe ya kuma yi nadin mukamai a Makarantar Injiniya da Kimiyyar Aiwatarwa ta Harvard (SEAS) a matsayin Farfesa Gordon McKay na Aikin Injiniyan Muhalli, da kuma a Makarantar Harvard Kennedy . Aikinsa ya mayar da hankali kan ƙoƙarin da ake yi na ƙasashe masu tasowa don samun nasarar sarrafa da adana ruwa a matsayin wata hanya mai tamani. A farkon 2014, ya sami Kyautar Ruwa ta Stockholm - "Kyautar Ruwa ta Nobel" - saboda "gudummawa marasa misaltuwa ga kula da ruwa a duniya da na gida - gudummawar da ta shafi manyan yanayi, yanayi, da kuma cibiyoyi - waɗanda suka inganta rayuwa da rayuwar miliyoyin mutane a duk duniya."

Ya yi magana da Turanci, Afirkanci, Bengali, Portuguese, da Sifaniyanci .

Tarihin Rayuwa

• 1948 - An haife shi a Afirka ta Kudu
• 1969 - Digiri na farko, Injiniyan Jama'a, Jami'ar Cape Town, Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu
• 1976 - Digiri na uku, Injiniyan Muhalli, Jami'ar Harvard
• Hukumomin ruwa na gwamnati na Afirka ta Kudu da Mozambique, Injiniya
• Cibiyar Bincike ta Kwalara, yanzu haka ICDDR,B, Bangladesh, Likitan Cututtuka
• Jami'ar North Carolina, Farfesa a fannin Albarkatun Ruwa
• 1989-2009 - Bankin Duniya (shekaru 20): Ya taimaka wajen kula da ayyukan albarkatun ruwa, ban ruwa, wutar lantarki ta ruwa, da tsafta a Bankin Duniya kuma ya yi shawarwari kan batutuwan ruwa ga ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, gwamnatoci, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, da kasuwanci
• 1989-2009 - Bankin Duniya, darektan ƙasa na Brazil : Matsayin Briscoe wajen shafar ci gaban Bankin Duniya shine batun Babi na 13 a cikin tarihin Sebastian Mallaby mai cikakken tarihi, "Mai Bankin Duniya," Penguin 2006.
• 2009-2014 - Farfesa a fannin Lafiyar Muhalli, Makarantar Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard, Boston, MA
• 2014 - Kyautar Ruwa ta Stockholm - "Kyautar Ruwa ta Nobel"

Rayuwar farko

An haifi John Briscoe a Afirka ta Kudu, kuma ya girma. Mahaifiyarsa Thelma tana kula da gidan kula da yara da kuma gidan marayu a garin baƙar fata na Soweto . An ga matsanancin talauci da wadata na ƙasarsa a yanayin zamantakewa da muhalli, yankunan bakin teku masu kyau sun bambanta da busasshiyar ƙasa amma mai mahimmanci a fannin tattalin arziki, inda ake gudanar da manyan ayyukan hakar ma'adinai. Ya bayyana fahimtar cewa fahimtar ruwa muhimmin abu ne wajen fahimtar ci gaban albarkatun Afirka ta Kudu da kuma rashin daidaiton zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da yawa na nahiyar. Ya ci gaba da haɓaka waɗannan ra'ayoyi yayin da yake zaune a cikin Bangladesh, inda ya shaida yadda ayyukan ruwa da kariyar ambaliyar ruwa da samar da wutar lantarki za su iya inganta rayuwar ɗan adam sosai. Ya shafe sauran aikinsa yana sarrafa ruwa, ko don dalilai na muhalli ko na ɗan adam, da kuma yin amfani da ruwa.

John ɗan asalin Afirka ta Kudu ne, ya sami digiri na farko a fannin injiniyan gine-gine a Jami'ar Cape Town a shekarar 1969, digiri na biyu a fannin injiniyan muhalli a shekarar 1972, da kuma digiri na uku a fannin injiniyan muhalli a Jami'ar Harvard a shekarar 1976. Kafin ya zo Harvard, ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniya a hukumomin ruwa na gwamnati na Afirka ta Kudu da Mozambique; masanin cututtuka a Cibiyar Bincike ta Cholera, wacce yanzu ake kira ICDDR,B a Bangladesh; farfesa a fannin albarkatun ruwa a Jami'ar North Carolina; kuma, tsawon shekaru 20, a Bankin Duniya, inda ya taimaka wajen kula da ayyukan albarkatun ruwa, ban ruwa, wutar lantarki ta ruwa, da tsaftar muhalli. Ya yi shawarwari kan batutuwan ruwa ga ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, gwamnatoci, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, da kasuwanci.

A Harvard, John ya ƙaddamar da Shirin Tsaron Ruwa na Harvard a duk faɗin jami'a, wanda ke mai da hankali kan manyan ƙalubale a ƙasashe a faɗin duniya, ciki har da ikon samar wa mutane da ingantaccen ruwan sha da abinci, samar da makamashi da kuma ci gaba da bunƙasa tattalin arziki, da kuma haɓaka ingancin muhalli. Ya koyar da darussa masu farin jini na digiri na farko da na biyu kan ruwa kuma an zaɓe shi don manyan kyaututtukan koyarwa da jagoranci. Bugu da ƙari, ya jagoranci ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai daga faɗin jami'a a cikin bincike na haɗin gwiwa kan kula da ruwa a kwaruruka na Colorado, Indus, Mississippi, Murray-Darling, da Sao Francisco.

Ilimi

• 1965: An yi karatun digiri a Kwalejin 'Yan'uwan Kirista ta St Patrick's Kimberley [Kwalejin 'Yan'uwan Kirista]
• 1965-1969: Digiri na farko (na farko a fannin Injiniyan Jama'a) a Jami'ar Cape Town, Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu, ya samu lambar yabo a shekarar 1969.
• 1970-1972: MS a Injiniyan Muhalli, Jami'ar Harvard, an ba shi lambar yabo a 1972
• 1972-1976: Digirin Digiri na uku a Injiniyan Muhalli, Jami'ar Harvard, ya ba shi digirin digirgir a shekarar 1976

Babban fanni: Injiniyan Albarkatun Ruwa; Ƙananan fannoni: tattalin arziki da kididdigar alƙaluma

• 1993: Darasin Jagoranci a Cibiyar Jagorancin Kirkire-kirkire, Greensboro, North Carolina
• 1998: Shirin Ci Gaban Zartarwa—Makarantun Kasuwanci na Harvard da Stanford Masu Digiri

Littattafai

John Briscoe ya wallafa littattafai da dama a mujallu daga fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da lafiyar jama'a, abinci mai gina jiki, ilimin cututtuka, albarkatun ruwa, ilimin kididdigar jama'a, ilimin ɗan adam, kimiyyar siyasa da tattalin arziki. Littattafansa sun haɗa da labarai sama da 120 a cikin mujallun ƙwararru masu hukunci da littattafai takwas:

• Briscoe, John, Richard G. Feachem da Mujibur M. Rahaman, Kimanta Tasirin Lafiya: Samar da Ruwa, Ilimi Kan Tsabtace Muhalli da Tsabtace Muhalli, IDRC Press, Ottawa, Kanada, shafuka 80, 1986.
• Briscoe, John da David de Ferranti, Ruwa ga Al'ummomin Karkara: Taimaka wa Mutane Su Taimaka wa Kansu, Bankin Duniya, Washington DC, shafuka 32, 1988.
• John Briscoe, Brazil: Sabuwar Kalubalen Lafiyar Manya, Bankin Duniya, Washington DC, shafuka 133, 1990 (a Turanci da Fotigal). (Dabarun Haɗin Gwiwa na Ƙasashen Brazil/Bankin Duniya)
• Bankin Duniya (Babban marubuci), Tsarin Ruwa na Bankin Duniya, Washington DC, Fabrairu 2003.
• John Briscoe da RPS Malik, Tattalin Arzikin Ruwa na Indiya: Takaita Rayuwa don Makomar Tashin Hankali . Oxford University Press, 2006.
• John Briscoe da RPS Malik (masu gyara), Littafin Jagora kan Ci gaban Albarkatun Ruwa da Gudanarwa a Indiya, Oxford University Press, 2007.
• John Briscoe da Usman Qamar, Tattalin Arzikin Ruwa na Pakistan: Gudun Ruwa Mai Sauƙi, Oxford University Press, 2007.
• Bankin Duniya (Babban marubuci), Dabarun Haɗin Gwiwa na Ƙasashe don Brazil, 2007-2010, Washington DC, 2007. (Dabarar Sashen Ruwa na Bankin Duniya )

Sabis

• Ya yi aiki a Hukumar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Ruwa ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa
• Wanda ya kafa manyan kamfanonin ruwa na duniya

Majalisar Ruwa ta Duniya

Haɗin gwiwar Ruwa na Duniya

Hukumar Duniya kan Madatsun Ruwa

• Majalisar Ajanda ta Duniya, Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya
• Babban Kwamitin Ba da Shawara, Murray Darling Basin Authority
• Memba na Majalisar, Mashahurin Ƙwararrun Ruwa, Ƙungiyar Ruwa ta Duniya
• Babban Mai Ba da Shawara Kan Ruwa, McKinsey da Kamfani

Shawarwari

• Bankin Duniya
• Bankin Raya Asiya
• Majalisar Leken Asiri ta Ƙasa ta Amurka
• Hukumar Ruwa ta Ƙasa ta Ostiraliya