John Cockburn (ɗan siyasa na Australiya)
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Rayuwa ta farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Cockburn a Corsbie, Berwickshire, Scotland, a cikin 1850 ga Thomas Cockburn, manomi, da matarsa Isabella, née Wright . Mahaifinsa ya mutu a Faransa a shekara ta 1855, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta yi hijira zuwa Kudancin Australia a shekara ta 1867 tare da uku daga cikin yara huɗu. Cockburn ya kasance a Burtaniya kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Highgate, da King's College London, ya sami digiri na MD London, tare da girmamawa na farko da lambar zinare.
A shekara ta 1875, ya auri Sarah Holdway (ɗan Forbes Scott Brown), kuma suna da ɗa ɗaya da 'yar ɗaya. A shekara ta 1879, ya yi hijira zuwa Kudancin Australia kuma ya kafa horo a Jamestown a tsakiyar Arewa.
Ayyukan siyasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 1878, an zabi Cockburn a matsayin magajin gari na farko na Kamfanin Jamestown . A wannan rawar ya yi kira ga Gwamnatin Kudancin Australia da ta gina layin dogo zuwa iyakar New South Wales don yin amfani da sabbin wuraren hakar azurfa na Barrier Ranges.
Tsakanin 1884 da 1888, a lokacin aikin majalisa na Cockburn, an tsawaita layi dogo na Kudancin Australia ta hanyar Jamestown zuwa Petersburg zuwa iyaka don saduwa da hanyar da Kamfanin Silverton Tramway ya gina, wanda ya haɗa ma'adanai masu girma na Broken Hill zuwa gabar tekun Kudancin Australiya a Port Pirie, inda aka gina mashaya a 1889, yadda ya kamata ya kama fa'idodin tattalin arziki na filin hakar Broken Hill na Kudanci Australia. Garin da aka bincika a kan iyakar mulkin mallaka a 1886 an sanya masa suna Cockburn don girmama shi.
Cockburn ya tsaya ga Burra a Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Australia a 1884, yana aiki a matsayin Ministan Ilimi daga 1885 zuwa 1887 (a karkashin Firayim Minista John Downer) kafin ya rasa wannan kujerar kuma ya dawo a matsayin memba na Mount Barker, wanda aka zaba a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1887 kuma ya rike wannan kujerun na tsawon shekaru 11.
A shekara ta 1884 Cockburn ya sami damar zartar da dokokin ci gaba ciki har da harajin maye gurbin da harajin ƙasa, kuma a shekara ta 1886 ya shiga cikin gabatar da biyan kuɗi ga membobin majalisar dokokin Kudancin Australia.
A ranar 27 ga Yuni 1889, Cockburn ya zama likita na farko da ya zama firaminista, rawar da ya taka na watanni goma sha huɗu kafin ya rasa motsi na rashin amincewa kuma ya mayar da shi ga Thomas Playford.
Ya sake zama Ministan Ilimi da Ministan Noma a ma'aikatar Kingston daga 1893 har zuwa Afrilu 1898.
Ya kasance mai aiki a cikin shirin Tarayyar, gami da wakiltar Kudancin Australia a Taron Tarayyar Australasian na 1890, Yarjejeniyar Australasiyan ta 1891, kuma, mafi mahimmanci, Yarjejeniyar Tarayyar Australia ta 1897-8. A taron yana da daidaitattun rikodin halartar wakilai hamsin ko makamancin haka, amma kusan sau da yawa kamar yadda ba a kan bangaren da ya rasa a cikin kuri'un sa ba, yana nuna a wani bangare 'yancin kansa na jam'iyyar.
Hakkin Mata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Cockburn ta goyi bayan Kungiyar Mata ta Mata a duk lokacin yakin neman zabe kuma tana magana akai-akai a tarurrukanta, da kuma kungiyoyin mata a Ingila. Ya jagoranci taron karshe na league da kuma bikin bikin lokacin da aka ba da izini.[ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span>]
Ya ci gaba da taka rawa a cikin 'yancin mata bayan ya dawo Landan kuma, tare da matarsa, ya kasance mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar suffragette a Ingila.
Rayuwa ta baya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan ya yi murabus daga majalisa, ya tafi Ingila don aiki a matsayin Wakilin Janar na Kudancin Australia. Ya yi murabus a shekara ta 1901 lokacin da aka rage matsayin (saboda tarayyar), amma ya kasance a London kuma ya wakilci Kudancin Australia da Australia ba bisa ka'ida ba a abubuwa da yawa.
Ya yi aiki na dogon lokaci a cikin Freemasonry wanda ya fara da farawarsa a 1876. Zai ci gaba da taimakawa wajen kafa Grand Lodge na Kudancin Australia da kuma aiki a manyan ofisoshi da yawa a ciki. Bayan ya dawo Ingila, ya kafa sabon gidan a London kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Masonic ta Duniya. A matsayinsa na Masonic Rosicrucian ya janyo hankalin batutuwa masu mahimmanci da falsafa, kuma ya buga labarai da yawa da ke bincika irin waɗannan jigogi a cikin littattafan Masonic daban-daban.
An kirkiro shi Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) a cikin jerin sunayen girmamawa na Sabuwar Shekara ta 1900 a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1900, kuma ya karbi umarni daga Sarauniya Victoria yayin da aka sanya shi a Windsor Castle a ranar 1 de Maris 1900. An nada shi Knight of Grace na Order of the Hospital of St. John na Urushalima a Ingila (KGStJ) a watan Agustan shekara ta 1901.
Ya mutu a London a 1929 ba tare da ya koma Ostiraliya ba. Matarsa, ɗanta da 'yarsa sun mutu bayan shi.