John Cotta

"Binciken Gaskiya na Empericke tare da Fugitive Physition da Quacksalver, waɗanda ke nuna Banners a kan Posts. " Shafin Title, wanda aka buga 1617

John Cotta (1575-1650) likita ne a Ingila kuma marubucin littattafai da sauran matani kan magani da maita.

Rayuwa

Ya kasance ɗan asalin Coventry, kuma an yi imanin cewa mahaifiyarsa Susannah Winthrop ce, kawun John Winthrop. A shekara ta 1590 an shigar da shi a matsayin masanin Kwalejin Trinity, Cambridge, kuma shekaru biyar bayan haka, bayan ya sami digiri na BA, ya koma Kwalejin Corpus Christi inda, a shekara mai zuwa, ya ci gaba zuwa digiri na MA. Ya sami digiri na MD a shekara ta 1603, sannan ya zauna a Northampton, inda, ta hanyar tallafawa da tasirin Sir William Tate, ya sami babban aikin sana'a.

Ayyuka

Cotta ya rubuta da yawa game da Likitoci masu banƙyama, kuma ya fallasa da yawa a cikin littafinsa Ignorant Practisers of Physicke (1612). Ya sanya gardamar Galenist ta gargajiya, don sakamakon cewa kwarewar kadai tana da ƙarancin ƙima ga likitoci. Tare da abokin aikinsa na likita James Hart daga Northampton, ya yi jayayya game da batun ilimin magani (al'adar zamani ta farko da ta fito daga Galen) da kuma buƙatar digiri na jami'a don amfani da ita.

Ya yi imani da mugayen ruhohi, Masu sihiri da sihiri. Ya fara littafinsa The Triall of Witch-craft (1616) ta hanyar bayyana cewa waɗannan abubuwan sun wuce ilimin ɗan adam, kuma kawai ta hanyar ƙididdiga da ƙaddara ne zai yiwu a fahimci waɗannan abubuwan. Ya gargadi masu karatu cewa yawancin wadanda ake zargi da maƙaryaci sun kasance masu yaudara, ko kuma wakilai marasa sani na shaidan. Ya gabatar da tabbacin cewa mugayen ruhohi sun wanzu da tarihin gargajiya da matani na Littafi Mai-Tsarki. Har ma ya yi amfani da dalili don ya watsar da "gwajin ruwa" ga maƙaryaci, inda za a nutse da maƙaryaciya a cikin ruwa, kuma idan ta yi watsi da baftismarta kuma maƙaryaashiya ce ta gaskiya, ruwa zai ƙi ta kuma za ta iyo. Cotta har yanzu ya yarda da wasu kamar Reginald Scot cewa sihiri a bayyane yake a rayuwar yau da kullun saboda cututtuka da yawa sun nuna alamun da ba za su iya fahimta ba, ko kuma ba su amsa ga daidaitattun magunguna ba. Har ila yau, ya tabbatar da cewa asusun shaidu sun isa su zargi wanda ake zargi da maita da maita.[1]

Cotta ya rubuta a cikin The Triall of Witch-craft (1616):

Hence as Wítches doe strange and supernaturall workes, and truly vnto reason worthy of wonder; so the Impostor doth things voide of accomptable reason, in shadow, shew, and seeming onely supernaturall, wondred and admired. And hence it commeth to passe, that with vndiscerning mindes, they are sometimes mistaken and confounded . one for another.

Sunan lakabi a Maine

Sunan "John Cotta" an ba shi a matsayin laƙabi daga mazauna Ingila na farko ga wani daga cikin 'yan asalin da suka haɗu a yankin Kogin Damariscotta a cikin abin da zai zama jihar Maine a Amurka. Wannan ya faru ne saboda John Cotta ya shahara a matsayin gwani a maita, a cikin mahallin da mazauna suka ji cewa 'yan asalin suna yin wani nau'in addini wanda za'a iya sanya shi a matsayin maita.