John Graunt
 John Graunt | |||
|---|---|---|---|
1671 - | |||
| Rayuwa | |||
| Haihuwa | Landan, 25 ga Afirilu, 1620 | ||
| ƙasa |
Kingdom of England (en)  | ||
| Mutuwa | Landan, 18 ga Afirilu, 1674 | ||
| Karatu | |||
| Harsuna | Turanci | ||
| Sana'a | |||
| Sana'a |
statistician (en) da demographer (en) | ||
| Muhimman ayyuka |
Natural and Political Observations Made Upon the Bills of Mortality (en) | ||
| Kyaututtuka | |||
| Mamba |
The Royal Society (mul) | ||
| Imani | |||
| Addini | Cocin katolika | ||
An ɗauke John Graunt (24 Afrilu 1620 - 18 Afrilu 1674) a matsayin wanda ya kafa demography . [1] Graunt yana ɗaya daga cikin masu ba da shawara kan alƙaluma na farko, kuma wataƙila masanin cututtuka na farko, kodayake ta hanyar sana'a shi mai lalata al'adu ne . Ya yi fatara daga baya a rayuwarsa sakamakon asarar da ya sha a lokacin Babban Gobarar Landan da kuma wariyar da ya fuskanta bayan ya koma Katolika . [2]
Tarihin Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi John Graunt a Landan, shi ne babban ɗan fari a cikin 'ya'yan Henry da Mary Graunt bakwai ko takwas. Mahaifin Graunt ɗan luwaɗi ne wanda ya ƙaura zuwa Landan daga Hampshire. A watan Fabrairun 1641, Graunt ya auri Mary Scott, wacce ya haifi ɗa ɗaya (Henry) da 'ya'ya mata uku. Ya zama ɗan luwaɗi na Kamfanin Drapers yana da shekaru 21.
Graunt ya yi aiki a shagon mahaifinsa har sai da mahaifinsa ya mutu a shekarar 1662, kuma Graunt ya zama mai tasiri a birnin. Ya sami damar samun mukamin farfesa a fannin kiɗa ga abokinsa William Petty a shekarar 1650. Ya yi aiki a ofisoshin unguwanni daban-daban a gundumar Cornhill, inda ya zama kansila na yau da kullun a tsakanin 1669–71, mai kula da kamfanin Drapers a shekarar 1671 kuma babban jami'i a ƙungiyar mawaka da aka horar. [3]
Graunt, tare da Sir William Petty, sun ƙirƙiro hanyoyin kididdiga da ƙidayar ɗan adam na farko waɗanda suka samar da tsarin tsarin kididdigar zamani. An yaba masa da samar da kuma rarraba teburin rayuwa na farko, wanda ke ba da damar rayuwa ga kowane zamani. [1] Wannan abin mamaki ne idan aka yi la'akari da Dokokin Mutuwa ba su haɗa da shekaru a lokacin mutuwa ba, don haka Graunt ya yi amfani da iliminsa na lissafi don ƙirƙirar irin wannan tebur. Ana kuma ɗaukar Graunt a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararru na farko a fannin ilimin cututtuka, tunda sanannen littafinsa ya fi mayar da hankali kan ƙididdigar lafiyar jama'a .
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Glass, D.; Ogborn, M.; Sutherland, I. (1963). "John Graunt and His Natural and Political Observations [and Discussion]". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 159 (974): 2–37. doi:10.1098/rspb.1963.0065. JSTOR 90480. S2CID 153963229.
- ↑ "Encyclopedia of the Black Death".
- ↑ Lewin 2004.