John Nyathi Pokela
 John Nyathi Pokela | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Herschel (en)  , 1922 |
| ƙasa | Afirka ta kudu |
| Mutuwa |
Parirenyatwa Hospital (en) , 30 ga Yuni, 1985 |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta | Jami'ar Fort Hare |
| Harsuna | Turanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | ɗan siyasa |
| Imani | |
| Jam'iyar siyasa | Jam'iyyar Pan Africanist Congress ta Azania |
John Nyathi "Poks" Pokela (1922 [1] ko 1923 [2] – 30 Yuni 1985) ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa ne na Afirka ta Kudu kuma shugaban jam'iyyar Pan Africanist Congress (PAC).
Rayuwar farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haife shi a Herschel a cikin yankin Transkei, ya yi karatu a makarantar Healdtown Comprehensive School da Jami'ar Fort Hare.[3] :239Ya kammala karatunsa a matsayin malami zai koyarwa a Standerton. [3] :239Asalinsa mamba ne a kungiyar matasan Afirka ta National Congress Youth League inda ya kasance memba na reshen Afirka wanda ya ki yin hulɗa da wasu kungiyoyin ƙabilu a ANC. [3] :239Ya bar Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka a watan Nuwamba 1958 kuma ya taimaka wajen kafa PAC a ƙarshen shekarar 1950 ya zama Babban Sakatare Janar na riko. [2] [3] :240Zai bar Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1963, yana jagorantar ƙungiyar a gudun hijira daga Lesotho. [3] :240
Tsare-tsare a Tsibirin Robben
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekarar 1966, an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 13 a gidan yari a tsibirin Robben bisa zargin yin zagon ƙasa da ke da alaka da kungiyar ‘yan tawayen Azaniya (APLA), reshen tsagerun jam’iyyar Pan Africanist Congress; ya taimaka ya samo APLA (wanda aka fi sani da Poqo) a cikin shekarar 1961, tare da ZB Molete da Clarence Makwetu. [4]
Yayin da yake tsare, Pokela ya yi aiki don haɗa ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na PAC. A cikin shekarar 1980, bayan da aka yanke masa hukuncin, an sake Pokela daga tsibirin Robben. A cikin watan Fabrairun 1981, an naɗa shi don ya gaji Vusumzi Make, (wanda ya yi murabus bayan kisan kiyashin Chunya a watan Maris 1980 lokacin da sojojin APLA suka ki amincewa da shugabancinsa), ya zama shugaban kungiyar PAC mai goyon bayan Tanzaniya. Waɗanda suka tsira daga APLA Chunya mai ƙarfi 500 da kuma ƙungiyoyin Maoist PAC a Zimbabwe, Libya, Ghana, da Kenya sun yi watsi da shugabancinsa amma Tanzaniya ta shawo kan gwamnatin Mugabe da ta kori ko ɗaure manyan 'yan adawa (Leballo, Leeman, Gaelisiwe, Buqwana).
Shugaban Majalisar Pan Africanist Congress
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ƙoƙarin yin sulhu a cikin jam'iyya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Da zarar ya karɓi muƙamin shugaban kungiyar, Pokela ya fara aiki don sake haɗa PAC, wanda ya lalace tun a shekarar 1979 da Tanzaniya ta goyi bayan shugaban Potlako Leballo, shugaban jam'iyyar daga shekarun 1962 zuwa 1979. Ya yi tattaunawa da mambobi 70 na jam'iyyar Azania People's Revolutionary Party (APRP), wani ɗan gajeren lokaci na PAC wanda membobin da aka kora a 1978 na PAC na ƙasa taron a Arusha. Saboda wannan yunƙuri na sulhu ne suka koma 1982 kuma APRP ta wargaje.
Taimakawa ga Iraki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A lokacin yakin Iran da Iraki, Pokela ya ziyarci Baghdad na ƙasar Iraki tare da tawagar PAC, inda ya bayyana goyon bayansa ga Iraki. Duk da haka, wannan ya saba wa matsayin PAC, wanda shine ba za a zaɓi ɓangarori a cikin rikici tsakanin 'yan kungiyar da ba su da alaka da juna, kuma wasu 'yan jam'iyyar sun soki Pokela game da wannan mataki da wasu 'yan jam'iyyar, ciki har da Henry Isaacs da Mike Muendane suka yi. Daga baya Iraqi ta aika da dala 50,000 ga PAC.
Sake tsara jam'iyyar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Pokela ya kuma yi yunkurin sake fasalin jam’iyyar da kanta, wacce ke fama da bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin mambobin kwamitin tsakiya daban-daban da kuma rashin jituwa tsakanin shugabanni da ‘ya’yan jam’iyyar. Ya naɗa shugaba mai barin gado Make a matsayin mataimakin shugaba, duk da cewa a lokacin ana binciken Make da yin amfani da kuɗaɗe ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma ya kara karfin shugaban. Pokela kuma ya ci karo da ƙarin adawa daga Isaacs game da canje-canjen ƙungiyarsa (Ishaku ya yi murabus daga ƙarshe.) [1]
A ƙarƙashin Pokela, an saita amfani da kuɗaɗe, tare da 50% da aka kebe don ayyukan soja, 30% za a yi mulki, kuma 20% ana amfani da su don farfaganda; ra'ayin membobin da ke gabatar da rahoton kuɗi na shekara-shekara game da amfani da su na kuɗin PAC an kuma yi ta iyo. Duk da haka, kuɗi ya ɓace a wurare daban-daban a cikin lokaci, kuma PAC ta ƙare tsakanin watan Maris da Nuwamba 1981.
Mutuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Pokela ya mutu a asibitin Parirenyatwa da ke Zimbabwe a watan Yunin 1985. An binne shi ne a wani jana'izar da aka yi a ƙasar Zimbabwe wanda Stanley Mogoba, wani Bishop na Methodist, ya jagoranta, kuma shugaban ƙasar Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe ya yaba da sake haɗuwa da kungiyar PAC. Johnson Mlambo ne ya gaji Pokela a matsayin shugaba.
Littattafan da Pokela ya rubuta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- "Dole ne a tafi ƙungiyoyin rarrabewa" Inkundla, 24 ga Disamba 1949.[5]
- "The Birth-Pangs of African Unity in the Sub-Continent" Manuscript, mai yiwuwa an rubuta shi a cikin shekarar 1962. [5]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Pan Africanist Congress
- Sojojin Azaniya
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kondlo, Kwandiwe Merriman (2004-01-01). "The generation of strained intra-PAC relations in exile 1962-1990" (PDF). In the twilight of the Azanian Revolution: the exile history of the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (South Africa): (1960–1990). University of Johannesburg. pp. Chapter 4, pp 146–246. Retrieved 2006-12-25.[dead link] Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "etd.rau" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gerhart, Gail M.; Thomas G. Karis (1977). "John Nyathi Pokela". From Protest to challenge: A documentary History of African Politics in South Africa: 1882-1964, Vol.4 Political Profiles 1882-1964. Stanford University Press. Archived from the original on 2 October 2006. Retrieved 2006-12-25. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "sahistory" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Gastrow, Shelagh (1985). Who's who in South African politics. Internet Archive. Johannesburg : Ravan Press. ISBN 978-0-86975-280-7.
- ↑ "The Azanian People's Liberation Army Submission". Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Department of Justice and Constitutional Development). Archived from the original on 7 December 2006. Retrieved 2006-12-26.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Cooperative Africana Microform Project. "Pan-Africanist Congress of South Africa 1944-1959" (PDF). Cooperative Africana Microform Project Guide. Center for Research Libraries. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2006. Retrieved 2006-12-26.