John Phala
 John Phala | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 24 ga Faburairu, 1924 |
| ƙasa | Afirka ta kudu |
| Mutuwa | 30 ga Yuli, 2009 |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
ɗan siyasa da anti-apartheid activist (en)  |
| Imani | |
| Jam'iyar siyasa |
Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka South African Communist Party (en) |
Mahwidi John "Mokgomana" Phala (24 Fabrairu 1924 - 30 Yuli 2009) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma tsohon mai fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata daga Limpopo. Ya wakilci jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a majalisar dokokin lardin Limpopo daga shekarun 1994 zuwa 1999 da kuma a majalisar dokokin ƙasar daga shekarun 1999 zuwa 2009.
Phala ya shiga jam'iyyar ANC a lokacin mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata a shekarar 1953 kuma ya yi fice a lokacin tawayen Sekhukhuneland a shekarar 1958. Wani da aka fara ɗaukar ma’aikata zuwa Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) a shekarar 1961, an same shi da laifin ta’addanci a shekarar 1977 kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 30 a gidan yari saboda rawar da ya taka a wani aikin yi wa MK zagon ƙasa. Ya yi zaman ɗaurin da aka yanke masa a tsibirin Robben har sai da aka sake shi yayin tattaunawar kawo ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata.
Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairu 1924,[1] Phala shi ne Bapedi daga Sekhukhuneland.[2] Bayan da aka gabatar da mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata a hukumance a shekarar 1948, ya shiga jam'iyyar ANC da jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu; [1] ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya shiga ANC a shekarar 1953, ya zama ma'aikacin fage a lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe na 'Yanci, kuma a 1955 ya halarci taron Majalisar Jama'a, wanda ya amince da yarjejeniyar. [3]
A cikin wannan lokacin, a cikin shekarar 1954, Phala ya kasance memba na kafa Sebatakgomo, ƙungiyar siyasa wacce ma'aikatan ƙaura daga Sekhukhuneland suka kafa a Johannesburg kuma ta ci gaba da taka rawa a cikin tawayen Sekhukhuneland na shekarar 1958.[3][4] A farkon shekarun 1960, Phala ya gaji Lucas Kghapola a matsayin shugaban Fetakgomo, ƙungiyar da ta gaji Sebatkgomo. [5]
Phala ya kasance farkon ɗaukar ma'aikata zuwa MK a cikin shekarar 1961 kuma daga baya ya jagoranci nasa sashin MK na ƙarƙashin ƙasa a yankin Johannesburg, yana aiki a yankuna kamar Molettane da Naledi. [3] An kama shi ne saboda rawar da ya taka a wani aikin zagon ƙasa na MK - yunkurin karkatar da jirgin ƙasa a kan titin jirgin ƙasa tsakanin Johannesburg da Vereeniging - kuma a watan Nuwamba 1977, wata kotu a Springs ta yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru talatin a gidan yari saboda ta'addanci da mallakar makamai ba bisa ka'ida ba.[6]
An ɗaure shi a tsibirin Robben, inda ya raba gidan da mataimakin shugaban ƙasa Kgalema Motlanthe na gaba.[3] Motlanthe ya yaba da shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara kuma daga baya ya tuna cewa Phala shine "agogon mu a tsibirin": in babu agogon ƙararrawa, Phala ya tayar da ƙananan fursunoni da safe idan suna so su farka da wuri don karatu ko karatu. Phala bai cika cikakken hukuncin da aka yanke masa ba amma an sake shi a yayin tattaunawar kawo ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata.[7]
Aikin doka: 1994-2009
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A zaɓen farko da aka yi a Afirka ta Kudu bayan mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata a shekarar 1994, an zaɓi Phala a matsayin ɗan takarar jam'iyyar ANC a majalisar dokokin lardin Limpopo.[2] A babban zaɓe na gaba a shekarar 1999, an zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan majalisar wakilai ta ƙasa, mai wakiltar mazaɓar Limpopo;[2] James Selfe na 'yan adawa Democratic Alliance, wanda ya yi aiki tare da Phala a cikin Kwamitin Fayil kan Ayyukan Gyara, daga baya ya tuna cewa, ko da yake ya kasance a lokacin a cikin 80s, Phala ya dage da shiga cikin dukkanin ayyukan kulawa na kwamitin da kuma halartar duk tarurrukansa, ko da lokacin da ba shi da lafiya.[8] [3]
Ya yi ritaya bayan babban zaɓen Afrilu 2009 kuma ya mutu a ranar 30 ga watan Yuli 2009.[3]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Callinicos, Luli (2004). Oliver Tambo: Beyond the Engeli Mountains (in Turanci). New Africa Books. p. 242. ISBN 978-0-86486-666-0.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "General Notice: Notice 1319 of 1999 – Electoral Commission: Representatives Elected to the Various Legislatures" (PDF). Government Gazette of South Africa. Vol. 408 no. 20203. Pretoria, South Africa: Government of South Africa. 11 June 1999. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "Motion Of Condolence (The Late Mr M J Phala)". People's Assembly (in Turanci). 18 August 2009. Retrieved 2023-05-21.
- ↑ "Memorial for apartheid heroes". News24 (in Turanci). 9 May 2008. Retrieved 2023-05-21.
- ↑ Delius, Peter (1989). "Sebatakgomo; Migrant Organization, the ANC and the Sekhukhuneland Revolt". Journal of Southern African Studies. 15 (4): 614. Bibcode:1989JSAfS..15..581D. doi:10.1080/03057078908708217. ISSN 0305-7070. JSTOR 2636833.
- ↑ "Terrorism Act Violators Tried". Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa (in Turanci). United States Joint Publications Research Service. 1977. p. 55.
- ↑ Harvey, Ebrahim (2012). Kgalema Motlanthe: A Political Biography (in Turanci). Jacana Media. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-4314-0438-4.
- ↑ "General Notice: Notice 717 of 2004 - Electoral Commission – List of Names of Representatives in the National Assembly and the Nine Provincial Legislatures in Respect of the Elections Held on 14 April 2004" (PDF). Government Gazette of South Africa. Vol. 466 no. 2677. Pretoria, South Africa: Government of South Africa. 20 April 2004. pp. 4–95. Retrieved 26 March 2021.