John Polanyi
John Charles Polanyi PC CC FRSC OOnt FRS (Dan ƙasar Hungary: Polányi János Károly; an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Janairu 1929) ɗan ƙasar Kanada ne wanda aka haifa a Jamus. An ba shi kyautar Nobel ta Kimiyyar Sinadarai a shekarar 1986 saboda bincikensa a fannin kimiyyar sinadarai.
An haifi Polanyi a cikin sanannen dangin Polányi (Pollacsek) na Hungary a Berlin, Jamus, kafin iyalinsa su yi hijira a 1933 zuwa Ingila inda daga baya ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Manchester, ya sami Ph.D a 1952, kuma ya yi bincike na postdoctoral a Majalisar Bincike ta Kasa a Kanada (1952-1954) da Jami'ar Princeton a New Jersey (1954-1956). Albarkar farko ta Polanyi ta kasance a Jami'ar Toronto a 1956, kuma ya kasance a can har zuwa 2025 a matsayin Farfesa Emeritus / Emerita . [1]
Baya ga kyautar Nobel, Polanyi ta sami wasu kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da digiri na girmamawa 33, Kyautar Wolf a cikin ilmin sunadarai da Medal na Zinare na Gerhard Herzberg na Kanada don Kimiyya da Injiniya. A waje da ayyukansa na kimiyya, Polanyi yana aiki a tattaunawar manufofin jama'a, musamman game da kimiyya da makaman nukiliya. Mahaifinsa, Mihály (Michael), sanannen masanin sunadarai ne kuma masanin falsafa. Kakansa Károly (Karl) sanannen masanin tattalin arziki ne, wanda aka fi sani da aikinsa na asali, The Great Transformation . [1] A cewar György Marx, yana daya daga cikin "The Martians", ƙungiyar fitattun masana kimiyya na Hungary waɗanda suka yi hijira zuwa Amurka a farkon rabin karni na 20. [2]
Shekaru na farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Polanyi's father Michael was born Jewish and converted to Catholicism. Polanyi's family moved from Germany to Britain in 1933, partly as a result of the persecution of Jews under Adolf Hitler.[2] During World War II, Polanyi's father sent him to Canada for three years when he was 11, so he would be safe from German bombings.[3] While living in Toronto, he attended the University of Toronto Schools. After returning to Britain, Polanyi finished high school and attended university at Manchester, where he received his undergraduate degree in 1949 and his PhD in 1952.[4] Although his university education was focused in science, he was not convinced it was his calling after finishing high school, when he briefly considered a career as a poet. His father, Michael Polanyi, was a professor in the chemistry department during his first year of university, before transferring to a newly created position in the social studies department. Polanyi's supervisor during his graduate studies was Ernest Warhurst, a former student of his father's.[5] After completing his PhD studies, Polanyi did postdoctoral research at the National Research Council in Ottawa, Ontario from 1952 until 1954, where he worked with Edgar William Richard Steacie.[5] From 1954 until 1956, he was a research associate at Princeton University.[4][1]
Matsayi na ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]John Polanyi ya fara ne a Jami'ar Toronto a matsayin malami a shekarar 1956. Ya tashi da sauri a jami'ar, an inganta shi zuwa mataimakin farfesa a 1957, mataimakin Farfesa a 1960 kuma ya zama cikakken farfesa a 1962. [1] A shekara ta 1975, an ba shi suna Farfesa na Jami'ar, lakabin girmamawa da ya riƙe tun daga lokacin.[4]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "John Polanyi - Profile". University of Toronto. Retrieved 22 June 2025.
- ↑ Knepper, P. (2005). "Michael Polanyi and Jewish Identity". Philosophy of the Social Sciences. 35 (3): 263–293. doi:10.1177/0048393105277986. S2CID 144091082.
- ↑ "John Charles Polanyi". GCS Research Society. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "John C. Polanyi – Biography". The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "John C. Polanyi Official Website, Killiam Biography". University of Toronto. Archived from the original on 17 March 2012. Retrieved 31 March 2011.