Johnny Makatini
 Johnny Makatini | |
|---|---|
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| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 8 ga Faburairu, 1932 |
| Mutuwa | 3 Disamba 1988 |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
ɗan siyasa da anti-apartheid activist (en)  |
Johnstone Mfanafuthi Makatini (8 Fabrairu 1932 - 3 Disamba 1988), wanda kuma ya rubuta Makathini ko Makhathini, ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata. Tsohon wakilin diflomasiyya na jam'iyyar ANC na Afirka, ya kasance shugaban sashen kula da harkokin ƙasa da ƙasa na jam'iyyar ANC daga shekarar 1983 har zuwa rasuwarsa a gudun hijira a shekarar 1988.
An haifi Makatini a lardin Natal, inda ya sami horo a matsayin malami, amma ya tafi gudun hijira tare da ANC a shekarar 1962. Kafin ya zama darakta mai kula da harkokin ƙasa da ƙasa, ya wakilci jam'iyyar ANC a ƙasar Aljeriya daga shekarun 1964 zuwa 1975 da kuma Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ke New York daga shekarun 1977 zuwa 1982. Ya kuma kasance memba a kwamitin zartaswa na ANC na ƙasa daga shekarun 1963 zuwa 1988.
Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Makatini a ranar 8 ga watan Fabrairu 1932 a Durban a tsohuwar lardin Natal.[1] Ya halarci Kwalejin Adams kuma ya sami horo a matsayin malami a Inanda. A matsayinsa na malami, ya kasance mai fafutuka wajen adawa da dokar ilimi ta Bantu, wadda gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta kafa a shekarar 1953, kuma daga karshe ya yi murabus daga wannan sana'a zuwa karatun lauya na wucin gadi a Jami'ar Natal.[1] A wannan lokacin, ya kasance mai shirya matasa na jam'iyyar ANC a Durban da kewaye.[1]
Yunkurin fafutuka a gudun hijira
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin shekarar 1962, Makatini yana cikin ruƙunin farko na masu fafutuka na Natal waɗanda suka ba da kansu don shiga aikin gudun hijira na ANC kuma suka sami horon soja tare da Umkhonto we Sizwe. Bayan horar da shi, ya ci gaba da zama a aikin gudun hijira don karɓar ƙungiyoyin da suka biyo baya,[1] kuma a cikin shekarar 1963, an zaɓe shi a Kwamitin Zartarwar ANC na ƙasa a karon farko.[2]
Daga shekarun 1964 zuwa 1975,[1] ya wakilci ANC a ofishinta a sabuwar Aljeriya mai cin gashin kanta; Ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin Robert Resha har zuwa 1966, lokacin da ya gaji Resha a matsayin babban wakilin jam'iyyar ANC a Aljeriya. Ƙarƙashin Makatini, aikin Aljeriya - ɗaya daga cikin mafi fa'ida a jam'iyyar ANC - ya faɗaɗa har ya haɗa da ayyuka a Faransa da sauran ƙasashen Turai.[1] Sannan, daga shekarun 1977 zuwa 1982, [2] Makatini shi ne babban wakilin ANC a hedikwatar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ke New York.[2][3] A wannan matsayi, ya samu nasara musamman wajen faɗaɗa tuntuɓar jam'iyyar ANC da Amirkawa 'yan Afirka da ƙungiyar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata ta Amirka. [1] [2]
A shekarar 1983, ya gaji Josiah Jele a matsayin shugaban sashen kula da harkokin ƙasa da ƙasa na jam'iyyar ANC.[2] A zamanin Makatini, jam'iyyar ANC ta buɗe sabbin ayyuka tara na gudun hijira a ƙasashen waje, ciki har da ɗaya a Moscow a shekarar 1987. [2] A cewar marubucin tarihin rayuwar Thabo Mbeki, Mark Gevisser, Makatini shi ne "abokin kusa" Mbeki a cikin ANC; Mbeki dai ya kasance mataimaki ga shugaban ANC, Oliver Tambo kuma daga ƙarshe ya gaji Makatini a matsayin darekta mai kula da harkokin ƙasa da ƙasa.[4] Makatini ya kasance a ofishin har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1988;[5] kuma ya kasance memba a kwamitin zartarwa na ƙasa har zuwa rasuwarsa.
Mutuwa da girmamawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 29 ga watan Nuwamba 1988, Makatini yana asibiti a Lusaka, Zambia, inda ya yi aiki a hedkwatar ANC. Ya sha wahala daga ciwon sukari, ya mutu a ranar 3 ga watan Disamba 1988.[1] A cikin watan Afrilu 2007, Thabo Mbeki, shugaban ƙasa na biyu bayan mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata,[6] ya ba shi lambar yabo ta lambar azurfa bayan mutuwa saboda "kyakkyawar gudummawar da ya bayar wajen samar da 'yanci".[1] A shekarar 2010, an mayar da gawarsa gida Afirka ta Kudu, kuma shugaba Jacob Zuma ya yi jawabi a wajen sake binne shi. [7]
Rayuwa ta sirri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ya auri Valerie O'Conner Makatini, ɗalibar Jamaica a Jami'ar Howard wanda ya haɗu da ita a filin jirgin sama na Washington DC lokacin da yake zaune a New York. Suna da 'ya ɗaya, mai suna Nandi.[8]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Johnstone Mfanafuthi Makatini (1932 – 1988)". The Presidency. Archived from the original on 2023-07-14. Retrieved 2023-07-14.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pfister, Roger (2003). "Gateway to International Victory: The Diplomacy of the African National Congress in Africa, 1960–1994". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 41 (1): 51–73. doi:10.1017/S0022278X02004147. ISSN 0022-278X. JSTOR 3876189.
- ↑ African National Congress (1997). "Appendix: ANC structures and personnel". Further submissions and responses by the African National Congress to questions raised by the Commission for Truth and Reconciliation. Pretoria: Department of Justice.
- ↑ Gevisser, Mark (2022-05-06). Thabo Mbeki: The Dream Deferred (in Turanci). Jonathan Ball Publishers. ISBN 978-1-77619-199-4.
- ↑ "Mfanafuthi Makatini, 58, A.N.C. Aide, Dies". The New York Times (in Turanci). 1988-12-05. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-14.
- ↑ "Struggle icons to be honoured". IOL. 24 April 2007. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ↑ "Zuma pays tribute to struggle hero Makhathini". Sunday Times (in Turanci). 27 February 2010. Retrieved 2023-07-14.
- ↑ "Husband of Jamaican Honored Posthumously for Contribution to South Africa's Liberation Struggle". Jamaicans.com (in Turanci). 2007-06-01. Retrieved 2023-07-14.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Johnstone Mfanafuthi Makhathini a Tarihin Afirka ta Kudu akan layi
- Diflomasiya don Dimokuradiyya - jawabai da aka tattara da abubuwan tunawa
- Littafin sabis na tunawa