Judy Chalmers
 Judy Chalmers | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
| Rayuwa | |||
| ƙasa | Afirka ta kudu | ||
| Ƴan uwa | |||
| Ahali | Molly Blackburn | ||
| Karatu | |||
| Harsuna | Turanci | ||
| Sana'a | |||
| Sana'a |
ɗan siyasa da anti-apartheid activist (en)  | ||
Judy Chalmers (née Bellhouse; An haife ta a ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1932) 'yar Afirka ta Kudu 'yar siyasa ce kuma mai fafutuka mai ritaya wacce ta wakilci jam'iyyar ANC a Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa daga shekarun 1994 zuwa 2009. A lokacin mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, ta kasance shugabar Black Sash a Gabashin Cape.
Rayuwar farko da gwagwarmaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Chalmers a ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1932[1] a Port Elizabeth a tsohuwar lardin Cape. [1] Mahaifinta shine Edgar Bellhouse, memba mai kafa kuma tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar masu sassaucin ra'ayi (farar fata) Progressive Party, kuma 'yar uwarta ta kasance sananniya mai fafutuka Molly Blackburn.[2] Ta yi karatu a Port Elizabeth kuma ta ɗan yi karatun koleji a Ingila.[1] Yayin da mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata ya tsananta, Chalmers da Blackburn sun yi rashin jin daɗi da siyasar farar fata na gargajiya, musamman bayan da suka halarci jana'izar Robert Sobukwe a Graaff-Reinet a shekara ta 1978.[2]
A farkon shekarun 1980s, Chalmers ta shiga Black Sash; ta zama shugabar ta a Gabashin Cape. A cikin wannan lokaci, tare da Blackburn da sauransu, ta sake buɗe Ofishin Shawarwari na Black Sash ta Port Elizabeth, ta hanyar da ta gudanar da wayar da kan baƙi mazauna yankin tare da sanya ido kan cin zarafin ɗan adam daga gwamnatin nuna wariyar launin fata.[2][3] Ofishin ya kasance yana fuskantar ɓarna sau da yawa kuma a ƙarshe an kunna shi.[2]
A ƙarshen watan Disamba shekara ta 1985, Chalmers da Blackburn sun kasance cikin hatsarin mota yayin da suke tuƙi zuwa Port Elizabeth daga Oudtshoorn tare da ɗan'uwan Black Sash Diana Bishop. Chalmers da Bishop sun ji rauni, amma Blackburn da mijin Bishop, Brian, sun mutu.[4]
Majalisa: 1994-2009
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A zaɓukan farko da aka yi a Afirka ta Kudu bayan mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata a shekarar 1994, an zaɓi Chalmers a matsayin wakiliyar jam'iyyar ANC a majalisar dokokin ƙasar.[5] Ta yi wa'adi uku, inda ta sake yin zaɓe a shekarun 1999 da 2004, kuma ta wakilci yankin Gabashin Cape.[6][7]
Rayuwa ta sirri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Chalmers tana da aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya mata uku da jikoki da dama.[1] Bayan barin majalisar, ta yi ritaya zuwa Summerstrand a Port Elizabeth.[8]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 4 O'Malley, Padraig. "Chalmers, Judy". The O'Malley Archives. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
- 1 2 3 4 "Fearless Blackburn made real difference". IOL. 11 May 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
- ↑ "White South African Women Step Off Their Pedestals to Fight Apartheid". The New York Times (in Turanci). 1988-12-25. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-04-11.
- ↑ Parks, Michael (1985-12-30). "2 Campaigners Against Apartheid Die in Head-on Car Crash in South Africa". Los Angeles Times (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-04-11.
- ↑ "Minutes of proceedings of the Constitutional Assembly" (PDF). Department of Justice and Constitutional Development. 24 May 1994. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
- ↑ "General Notice: Notice 1319 of 1999 – Electoral Commission: Representatives Elected to the Various Legislatures" (PDF). Government Gazette of South Africa. Vol. 408 no. 20203. Pretoria, South Africa: Government of South Africa. 11 June 1999. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
- ↑ "General Notice: Notice 717 of 2004 - Electoral Commission – List of Names of Representatives in the National Assembly and the Nine Provincial Legislatures in Respect of the Elections Held on 14 April 2004" (PDF). Government Gazette of South Africa. Vol. 466 no. 2677. Pretoria, South Africa: Government of South Africa. 20 April 2004. pp. 4–95. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
- ↑ "Former ANC MP Judy Chalmers doing well after Covid-19 diagnosis". Daily Dispatch (in Turanci). 6 April 2020. Retrieved 2023-04-11.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Jawabin bikin zagayowar ranar haihuwar Nelson Mandela Archived 2023-04-16 at the Wayback Machine (2008)
- Hira daga Diana Russell (1987)