Juho Kusti Paasikivi

Juho Kusti Paasikivi (pronunciation Finnish: [ˈjuho ˈkusti ˈpɑːsiˌkiʋi], 27 Nuwamba 1870 - 14 Disamba 1956) ɗan siyasan Finland ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Finland daga 1946 zuwa 1956. Da yake wakiltar Jam'iyyar Finland har zuwa rushewarta a 1918 sannan kuma Jam'iyyar National Coalition, a baya ya yi aiki a matsayin Sanata, memba na majalisa (1907-1909, 1910-1914), wakilin Stockholm (1936-1939) da Moscow (1940-1941), da Firayim Minista na Finland (1918 da 1944-1946). Ya kuma rike wasu mukamai da yawa na amincewa, kuma ya kasance mai tasiri a cikin tattalin arziki da siyasa na Finland sama da shekaru hamsin.fififi

An tuna da Paasikivi a matsayin mai tsananin hali da halin fushi, amma kuma a matsayin mai tattauna zaman lafiya na gaskiya da kuma babban mai tsara Manufofin kasashen waje na Finland bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu; misali, Paasikiwi Society (Paasikivi-seura), wanda aka kafa a 1958 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Jan-Magnus Jansson, ya nemi inganta tarihin siyasa na Paasikiv, musamman a lokacin Yaƙin Cold, ta hanyar inganta 'tunani na manufofin kasashen duniya' a Finland da kuma sanya manufofin tsaka-tsaki sananne a duniya. Paasikivi kuma shine shugaban Finland na karshe da aka haifa a karni na 19 kuma "mafi ƙasƙanci" dangane da asalin zamantakewa.

Rayuwa ta farko da aikin siyasa

J.K. Paasikivi a cikin 1893

Ilimi

Matashin Paasikivi ya kasance mai tsere da kuma mai wasan motsa jiki. Mahaifinsa ya gane kwarewar ilimi na ɗansa kuma ya sanya shi a babbar makarantar firamare a Hämeenlinna bayan taƙaitaccen halarta a Hollola . [1] Paasikivi ya nuna sha'awar karatu na farko, kuma shine ɗalibi mafi kyau a cikin aji.[undefined] Ya shiga Jami'ar Helsinki a shekara ta 1890, ya kammala karatu a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1892 tare da Digiri na farko a cikin Harshen Rasha da adabi, hanyar karatun da ta kasance mai amfani a rayuwa daga baya.[3] A cikin hunturu mai zuwa, Paasikivi ya canza babban aikinsa zuwa doka, ya sami digiri na Master of Laws kuma a ƙarshe, a cikin 1902, Dokta na Shari'a. A lokacin karatunsa, Paasikivi ya tallafa wa kansa ta hanyar aiki daban-daban a matsayin malami, malami, lauyan kotu, da lauya a cikin aikin sirri a Lahti. Har ila yau, a lokacin karatunsa na jami'a, a kusa da 1894, Paasikivi ya fara shiga cikin ƙungiyar Fennoman, yana ɗaukar matsayin jagoranci a cikin ƙungiyar ɗalibai.[2]

Aure na farko da iyali

Iyalin J. K. Paasikivi a cikin 1906. Daga hagu zuwa dama: matar farko ta Paasikivi Anna (née Forsman), 'ya'yansu Juhani, Annikki, Vellamo, Varma, da Paasikiwi da kansa.

A ranar 1 ga Yuni 1897 Paasikivi ta auri 'yar Sweden Anna Matilda Forsman (1869-1931). Tare suna da 'ya'ya hudu, Annikki (1898-1950), Wellamo (1900-1966), Juhani (1901-1942), da Varma (1903-1941). Bayan ya sami digirin digirinsa na digiri a fannin shari'a a 1901, Paasikivi ya ɗauki matsayin farfesa a fannin Shari'ar Gudanarwa a Jami'ar Helsinki daga 1902 zuwa 1903.

Gabatarwa ga siyasa

Paasikivi ya bar wannan mukamin ya zama Babban Darakta na Baitulmalin Grand Duchy na Finland, matsayin da ya riƙe har zuwa shekara ta 1914. Ga kusan dukkanin rayuwarsa, Paasikivi ya koma cikin bangarorin siyasa na Finland. Ya goyi bayan mafi girman ikon cin gashin kansa da majalisar dattijai mai zaman kanta (Sanata) ga Finland, kuma ya yi tsayayya da niyyar panslavic na Rasha don sanya Rasha ita ce kawai harshen hukuma a ko'ina cikin Daular Rasha. Ya kasance, duk da haka, a cikin Jam'iyyar Finnish da ta fi bin doka, yana adawa da matakai masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da yiwuwar rashin amfani wanda Rasha za ta iya ɗauka a matsayin mai tsattsa ra'ayi. Paasikivi ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar Finland na Majalisar 1907-1909 da 1910-1913. Ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dattijai 1908-1909, a matsayin shugaban sashen kudi.