Julius Kaisar (wasan kwaikwayo)
| Julius Kaisar (wasan kwaikwayo) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Asali | |
| Mawallafi |
William Shakespeare (mul)  |
| Shekarar ƙirƙira | 1599 |
| Asalin suna | The Tragedie of Ivlivs Ceasar |
| Characteristics | |
| Genre (en) |
tragedy (en) |
| Harshe | Turanci |
The Tragedy of Julius Caesar (First Folio title: The Tragedie of Ivlivs Cæsar), sau da yawa an taƙaita shi zuwa Julius Caesar, bala'i ne na tarihi na William Shakespeare, wanda aka yi imanin cewa an rubuta shi kuma an fara yin shi a cikin 1599. Wasan ya nuna makircin siyasa wanda ya haifar da kisan gillar mai mulkin kama-karya na Roma Julius Kaisar da yakin basasar da ya biyo baya na Roma. Da farko (tare da karkatarwa a fannoni daban-daban) daga fassarar Sir Thomas North ta 1579 na Parallel Lives by Plutarch, Shakespeare ya gabatar da labarin da aka yi game da karuwar ikon Kaisar, kisan da ƙungiyar sanatoci da Cassius da Brutus suka jagoranta, da kuma cin nasarar masu makirci da sojojin Mark Antony da Octavius suka yi a Yaƙin Filibiya.
Kodayake an sanya masa suna bayan Kaisar, wasan kwaikwayon ya fi mayar da hankali ga Brutus, wanda matsalolin ɗabi'a da siyasa galibi sun sa masu sukar su ɗauke shi a matsayin jarumi mai ban tsoro. Jigogi na tsakiya sun haɗa da tashin hankali tsakanin amincin mutum da aikin jama'a, amfani da maganganu a siyasa, da kuma rashin ƙarfi na mulkin jamhuriya a fuskar burin da iko. Julius Caesar ya kasance daga cikin wasannin farko da aka yi a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Globe kuma ya kasance ɗayan ayyukan Shakespeare da aka fi yin akai-akai. An daidaita shi a cikin nau'o'i da yawa kuma an fassara shi a cikin yanayin siyasa daban-daban, yana nuna damuwa daga muhawara ta Elizabethan game da maye gurbin zuwa tattaunawar zamani game da mulkin kama-karya da dimokuradiyya. Ana nazarin wasan kwaikwayon sosai don binciken halayensa, rinjaye, da ɗabi'ar siyasa, kuma yana ci gaba da tasiri ga adabi, wasan kwaikwayo, da maganganun siyasa.
Bayani game da shi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wasan ya fara ne da manyan sojoji biyu Flavius da Marullus (shugabannin / jami'an Roma) suna gano talakawa na Roma suna murna da nasarar dawowar Julius Kaisar daga kayar da 'ya'yan abokin hamayyarsa na soja, Pompey. Masu gabatar da kara, suna zagi taron saboda canjin amincinsu daga Pompey zuwa Kaisar, suna ƙoƙari su kawo ƙarshen bukukuwan kuma su raba talakawa, waɗanda suka mayar da zagi. A lokacin bikin Lupercal, Kaisar ya gudanar da fareti na nasara kuma mai duba ya gargadi shi ya "Ka kula da ides na Maris," wanda ya yi watsi da shi. A halin yanzu, Cassius yayi ƙoƙari ya shawo kan Brutus ya shiga cikin makirci na kashe Kaisar. Kodayake Brutus, mai abokantaka ga Kaisar, yana jinkirin kashe shi, ya yarda cewa Kaisar na iya cin zarafin ikonsa. Daga nan sai suka ji daga Casca cewa Mark Antony ya miƙa Kaisar kambin Roma sau uku. Casca ya gaya musu cewa a duk lokacin da Kaisar ya ƙi shi tare da karuwar rashin amincewa, yana fatan cewa taron da ke kallo za su nace cewa ya yarda da kambin. Ya bayyana yadda taron suka yaba wa Kaisar saboda musanta kambin, da kuma yadda wannan ya ɓata Kaisar rai. A ranar da aka yi bikin Maris, masu makirci sun hadu kuma sun bayyana cewa sun ƙirƙiri wasiƙun tallafi daga mutanen Romawa don jarabce Brutus ya shiga. Brutus ya karanta wasiƙun kuma, bayan muhawara mai yawa na ɗabi'a, ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin makircin, yana tunanin cewa ya kamata a kashe Kaisar don hanawa shi yin wani abu a kan mutanen Roma idan za a taɓa kambi.
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Bayan ya yi watsi da mai duba, da kuma tunanin matarsa Calpurnia, Kaisar ya tafi Majalisar Dattijai. Masu makirci sun kusance shi da takardar neman izini ta karya a madadin ɗan'uwan Metellus Cimber da aka kore shi. Kamar yadda Kaisar ya ƙi roƙon, Casca da sauran ba zato ba tsammani sun soke shi; Brutus ya kasance na ƙarshe. A wannan, Kaisar ya tambayi "Et tu, Brute?" [1] ("Kai ma, Brutus?"), ya kammala da "Sa'an nan faɗuwa, Kaisar!"
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Masu makirci sun yi ƙoƙari su nuna cewa sun kashe Kaisar don amfanin Roma, don hana mai mulkin kama karya. Sun tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar kada su tsere daga wurin. Brutus ya gabatar da jawabi yana kare ayyukansa, kuma a halin yanzu, taron yana gefen sa. Koyaya, Antony ya yi magana mai zurfi game da gawar Kaisar, ya fara "Abokai, Romawa, 'yan ƙasa, ba ni kunnuwanku!" [1] Ya juya ra'ayin jama'a da kyau game da masu kisan kai ta hanyar sarrafa motsin zuciyar mutane, sabanin sautin tunani na jawabin Brutus, duk da haka akwai hanya a cikin jawabinsa da kuma alamunsa. Antony ya tunatar da taron mutanen da Kaisar ya yi wa Roma, jinƙai ga matalauta, da kuma kin amincewa da kambin a Lupercal, don haka ya yi tambaya game da ikirarin Brutus game da burin Kaisar; ya nuna jikin Kaisar mai jini, marar rai ga taron don su zubar da hawaye kuma su sami tausayi ga jarumin da ya fadi; kuma ya karanta nufin Kaisar, inda kowane ɗan ƙasar Roma zai sami drakma 75. Antony, ko da yake ya bayyana niyyarsa game da shi, ya tayar da taron don korar masu makirci daga Roma. Jama'a sun dauki jikin Kaisar zuwa Forum, sun kunna wuta ta jana'izarsa, kuma sun yi amfani da wuta don kunna fitilu don ƙone gidajen masu makirci. A cikin tashin hankali, wani mawaki marar laifi, Cinna, ya rikice da mai makirci Lucius Cinna kuma taron jama'a sun kama shi, wanda ya kashe shi saboda irin waɗannan "laifukai" kamar mugayen ayoyinsa.