Jumbes na Nkhotakota

Jumbes na Nkhotakota
daular

Jumbes na Nkhotakota daular Swahili ce ta Larabawa 'yan kasuwa ne da ke Nkhotakota, a yammacin gabar tafkin Malawi. Suna gudanar da cinikin ayari ta Gabas da Yamma, suna musayar yadudduka daga gabar tekun Swahili da hauren giwa da bayi. Sun gabatar da imani da al'adun musulmi a yankin Nkhotakota kuma su ne suka fara noman shinkafa da kwakwa a yankin.

Wanda ya kafa daular, Salim bin Abdallah, ya isa Nkhotakota a wajajen shekara ta 1840. Balarabe ne daga Zanzibar kuma ya taɓa yin cinikin bayi da hauren giwa a Ujiji da Tabora a ƙasar Tanzaniya a zamanin yau. Ya roki sarakunan Chewa na yankin su ba su wani fili don kafa wurin ciniki. Ya sami damar gina karfinsa ta hanyar kera jiragen ruwa waɗanda ke baiwa ‘yan kasuwa damar yin ciniki a faɗin tafkin kuma saboda ya mallaki bindigogi da zai iya kare al’ummar tafkin daga mamayar Ngoni.

Jumbes na kawo wasu bayi 20000 duk shekara zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Kilwa a zamanin yau Tanzaniya. An ajiye waɗanda aka kama a Nkhotakota har sai sun kasance 1000 daga cikinsu. Daga nan aka yi jigilar su zuwa tafkin Malawi kuma aka tilasta musu tafiya tsawon wata uku zuwa huɗu har sai da suka isa kasuwar bayi ta Kilwa inda aka sayar da su. Mai binciken ɗan ƙasar Scotland kuma ɗan mishan David Livingstone ya shaida wannan cinikin bayi lokacin da ya ziyarci Nkhotakota a cikin shekarar 1861. A cikin shekarar 1864, ya kulla yarjejeniya da Jumbe da shugabannin Chew don kawo karshen cinikin bayi. Duk da haka, abin ya ci tura kuma cinikin ya ci gaba.

Jumbes kuma sun yi cinikin hauren giwa. Sun ɗauki mafarauta na gida aiki don tattara hauren giwa daga tsaunukan yammacin Nkhotakota. A shekara ta 1889, cinikin bayi ya dushe kuma Jumbe ya sami mafi yawan kuɗaɗen shiga daga cinikin hauren giwa. Mafarautansa sun haskaka ta kowane bangare daga tsakiyar Malawi. Da yake masarautar Jumbe tana kan hanyar cinikin hauren giwa fiye da na Mwase, an sami saɓani sosai tsakanin su biyun.

Ya ci nasara mai yawa wanda ya kafa a ƙauyukan da shugabanninsa ke mulki. Ya dage cewa mabiyansa, galibi ’yan kasuwar Yao da ’yan gudun hijirar Chewa, sun musulunta. Daga karshe Salim bin Abdallah ya sanya kansa a matsayin Sarkin Marimba yana bayyana mubaya'arsa ga Sarkin Zanzibar. Jumbes (ma'ana "Prince" ) sun kafa ikonsu duk da cewa suna mulkin kai tsaye, suna dogaro da ikon sarakunan Chewa na gida. Ba su yi ƙoƙari su canza al'amuransu ba. Duk da haka, don inganta amincin sarakunan, sun ƙarfafa su da su tura 'ya'yansu maza zuwa masarautar Zanzibar don su sami ilimin addinin musulunci.

A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, Nkhotakota ta zama cibiyar kasuwanci mai bunƙasa ta mazauna 6000. Ita ce babbar cibiyar Islama a Nyassaland, an faɗaɗa noman shinkafa a bakin tafkin.

Ƙarfin Jumbes ya kasance ba a ƙalubalanci ba har sai Henry Hamilton Johnston ya tabbatar da ikon Biritaniya ta Tsakiyar Afirka ta Kariya a wannan yanki. Ya yi ƙoƙari sosai don kawo ƙarshen cinikin bayi. Ya kai hari Jumbe na karshe tare da sojojin Sikh a shekarar 1894 an gwada shi kuma aka kai shi zuwa Zanzibar.

Alamomi

Ana iya ganin wasu wuraren gado na Jumbes na Nkhotakota a Malawi. Sun haɗa da masallacin farko da aka gina a ƙasar, da kaburburan Juma'a uku na farko da kuma kaburburan laftanar su. Ana iya ganin bishiyar ɓauren da Jumbe da Livingstone suka haɗu kuma suka amince su daina cinikin bayi.