Junada ibn Abi Umayya al-Azdi
 Junada ibn Abi Umayya al-Azdi | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| ƙasa | Khalifancin Umayyawa |
| Mutuwa | 699 (Gregorian) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | Shugaban soji |
| Imani | |
| Addini | Musulunci |
Junada ibn Abi Umayya al-Azdi (Arabic), kwamandan rundunar sojan ruwa da na ƙasa ne a karkashin Khalifa Umayyad Mu'awiya I (r. 661-680) kuma mai watsa hadisai (al'adun Islama na farko).
Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Junada memba ne na kabilar Larabawa ta Azd . [1] Ya kasance daga reshen Zahran na dangin Daws, waɗanda ke zaune a Dutsen Sarat tsakanin Hejaz (yammacin Arabiya). [2] Ya san Khalifa biyu na farko, Abu Bakr (r. 632-634) da Umar (r. 634-644), da kuma Mu'adh ibn Jabal, wani babban Muhammadu" aboki annabin Musulunci Muhammad . [3] Ya ba da hadisai wanda ya haddace daga gare su kuma an dauke shi a matsayin abin dogaro.[3][4] Wataƙila yaro ne a lokacin mutuwar Muhammadu a cikin 632.[5] Ya mutu a shekara ta 699.[3]
Yakin da aka yi da Byzantines
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Junada na iya shiga cikin mamayar musulmi na Masar a cikin 640s.[5] A cewar asalin Musulmi na Masar da na Siriya, Junada ya kula da hare-haren sojan ruwa a kan Daular Byzantine da Mu'awiya I, wanda ya kafa Khalifancin Umayyad na gaba ya fara a lokacin gwamnan Siriya. An dakatar da ayyukan Junada a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Musulmi na farko (656-661), mai yiwuwa yayin da Mu'awiya ya mayar da hankAli ga dakarunsa da dukiyarsa a cikin rikici da Khalifa Ali.[5]
Bayan Mu'awiya ya zama Khalifa a cikin 661, Junada ya ci gaba da aikinsa a matsayin kwamandan rundunar sojan ruwa.[5] Dukkanin tarihin Islama na farko na Yaƙe-yaƙe na Larabawa da Byzantine sun ambaci akalla hari daya da Junada ya jagoranta a kan Byzantines a lokacin 672/73-679/80, a lokacin mulkin Mu'awiya I.[6] Tarihin Islama na al-Tabari (d. 923) da al-Baladhuri (d. 892), dukansu suna ambaton al-Waqidi (d. 823), sun gudanar da cewa Junada ya jagoranci babban hari a kan Rhodes a cikin 672 ko 673. [6][3] Masanin tarihi al-Ya'qubi (d. 898), a gefe guda, ya tabbatar da cewa Junada ya kai hari Tarsus a wannan shekarar.[6] Al-Tabari da Khalifa ibn Khayyat (d. 854) dukansu sun ba da umurni na yakin hunturu a kan iyakar Larabawa da Byzantine a cikin 675/76 zuwa Junada.[6] An yaba masa da ya jagoranci wasu yakin basasa guda biyu a kan Rhodes a cikin 678/79 da 679/80 . [6]
Al-Tabari ne ya gudanar da Junada don ya kafa sansanin Larabawa na dindindin a Rhodes, amma jiragen ruwa na Byzantine sun toshe mulkin mallaka akai-akai kuma sun tsananta musu.[6] Sojojin sun kasance a tsibirin har sai da dan Mu'awiya I kuma magaji, Yazid I (r. 680-683), ya hau mulki, wanda ya ba da umarnin Larabawa su janye zuwa Siriya.[6] Masanin tarihi na zamani Lawrence Conrad ya watsar da mamayar Larabawa ta 670 a Rhodes a matsayin fasaha ta wallafe-wallafen al'adar Islama ta farko. C. E. Bosworth ya kuma watsar da lamarin, musamman ma ma'anar cewa Junada ya ci gaba da zama a tsibirin a lokacin da ake zaton shekaru bakwai na kasancewar Larabawa yayin da aka ambaci shi yana jagorantar yakin basasa da teku a kan Byzantine Anatolia a cikin shekarun 670.[3] Masanin tarihi Marek Jankowiak ya yi jayayya cewa "babu wani dalili da za a ƙi" aikin Junada na Rhodes.[6]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Landau-Tasseron 1998.
- ↑ Ulrich 2019.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Bosworth 1996.
- ↑ Bewley 1997.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Conrad 1992.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 Jankowiak 2013.
Bayanan littattafai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Bewley, Aisha (1997). The Men of Madina, Volume One by Muhammad Ibn Sa'd. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. ISBN 1-897940-68-8.
- Bosworth, C. Edmund (July 1996). "Arab Attacks on Rhodes in the Pre-Ottoman Period". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 6 (2): 157–164. doi:10.1017/S1356186300007161. JSTOR 25183178.
- Conrad, Lawrence I. (1992). "The Conquest of Arwad: A Source-Critical Study in the Historiography of the Early Medieval Near East". The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East. 1: 317–402.
- Jankowiak, Marek (2013). "The First Arab Siege of Constantinople". In Zuckerman, Constantin (ed.). Travaux et mémoires, Vol. 17: Constructing the Seventh Century. Paris: Association des Amis du Centre d’Histoire et Civilisation de Byzance. pp. 237–320.
- Samfuri:The History of al-Tabari
- Ulrich, Brian (2019). Arabs in the Early Islamic Empire: Exploring al-Azd Tribal Identity. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-3682-3.